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Transcription Factor Pecs Mediates Agrobacterium Fabrum Fitness And Survival, George C. Nwokocha, Prava Adhikari, Asif Iqbal, Hannah Elkholy, William T. Doerrler, John C. Larkin, Anne Grove Jul 2023

Transcription Factor Pecs Mediates Agrobacterium Fabrum Fitness And Survival, George C. Nwokocha, Prava Adhikari, Asif Iqbal, Hannah Elkholy, William T. Doerrler, John C. Larkin, Anne Grove

Faculty Publications

The transcriptional regulator PecS is encoded by select bacterial pathogens. For instance, in the plant pathogen Dickeya dadantii, PecS controls a range of virulence genes, including pectinase genes and the divergently oriented gene pecM, which encodes an efflux pump through which the antioxidant indigoidine is exported. In the plant pathogen Agrobacterium fabrum (formerly named Agrobacterium tumefaciens), the pecS-pecM locus is conserved. Using a strain of A. fabrum in which pecS has been disrupted, we show here that PecS controls a range of phenotypes that are associated with bacterial fitness. PecS represses flagellar motility and chemotaxis, which are processes that are …

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Reducing The Generation Time In Winter Wheat Cultivars Using Speed Breeding, Adam Schoen, Sydney Wallace, Meghan Fisher Holbert, Gina Brown-Guidera, Stephen Harrison, Paul Murphy, Nicholas Sanantonio, David Van Sanford, Richard Boyles, Mohamed Mergoum, Nidhi Rawat, Vijay Tiwari Jul 2023

Reducing The Generation Time In Winter Wheat Cultivars Using Speed Breeding, Adam Schoen, Sydney Wallace, Meghan Fisher Holbert, Gina Brown-Guidera, Stephen Harrison, Paul Murphy, Nicholas Sanantonio, David Van Sanford, Richard Boyles, Mohamed Mergoum, Nidhi Rawat, Vijay Tiwari

Faculty Publications

Reducing generation time is critical to achieving the goals of genetic gain in important crops like wheat (Triticum aestivum). Speed breeding (SB) has been shown to considerably reduce generation times in crop plants. Unlike spring wheat cultivars, winter wheat varieties require typically 6–9 weeks of cold treatment, called vernalization, for flowering which extends the generation time for the development of improved winter wheat cultivars. Here, we optimized the SB method using a set of 48 diverse soft red winter wheat (SRWW) cultivars by testing vernalization duration, light and temperature requirements, and the viability of seeds harvested after different durations post-anthesis …

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Multi-Functional Boron-Delivery Agents For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Of Cancers, Sebastian O. Oloo, Kevin M. Smith, Maria Da Graça H. Vicente Jul 2023

Multi-Functional Boron-Delivery Agents For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Of Cancers, Sebastian O. Oloo, Kevin M. Smith, Maria Da Graça H. Vicente

Faculty Publications

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary cancer treatment that involves the irradiation of 10B-containing tumors with low-energy neutrons (thermal or epithermal). The alpha particles and recoiling Li nuclei that are produced in the 10B-capture nuclear reaction are high-linear-energy transfer particles that destroy boron-loaded tumor cells; therefore, BNCT has the potential to be a localized therapeutic modality. Two boron-delivery agents have been used in clinical trials of BNCT in patients with malignant brain tumors, cutaneous melanoma, or recurrent tumors of the head and neck region, demonstrating the potential of BNCT in the treatment of difficult cancers. A …

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The Sound Of Geological Targets On Mars From The Absolute Intensity Of Laser-Induced Sparks Shock Waves, C. Alvarez-Llamas, J. Laserna, J. Moros, P. Purohit, L. García-Gómez, S. M. Angel Ph.D., P. Bernardi, B. Bousquet, A. Cadu, E. Dauson, O. Forni, T. Fouchet, O. Gasnault, X. Jacob, G. Lacombe, N. L. Lanza, C. Larmat, J. Lasue, R. D. Lorenz, P. Y. Meslin, D. Mimoun, F. Montmessin, N. Murdoch, A. M. Ollila, P. Pilleri, N. Randazzo, A. L. Reyes-Newell, S. Schröder, A. Stott, J. Ten Cate, A. Udry, D. Vogt Jul 2023

The Sound Of Geological Targets On Mars From The Absolute Intensity Of Laser-Induced Sparks Shock Waves, C. Alvarez-Llamas, J. Laserna, J. Moros, P. Purohit, L. García-Gómez, S. M. Angel Ph.D., P. Bernardi, B. Bousquet, A. Cadu, E. Dauson, O. Forni, T. Fouchet, O. Gasnault, X. Jacob, G. Lacombe, N. L. Lanza, C. Larmat, J. Lasue, R. D. Lorenz, P. Y. Meslin, D. Mimoun, F. Montmessin, N. Murdoch, A. M. Ollila, P. Pilleri, N. Randazzo, A. L. Reyes-Newell, S. Schröder, A. Stott, J. Ten Cate, A. Udry, D. Vogt

Faculty Publications

Inspection of geological material is one of the main goals of the Perseverance rover during its journey across the landscape of the Jezero crater in Mars. NASA's rover integrates SuperCam, an instrument capable of performing standoff characterization of samples using a variety of techniques. Among those tools, SuperCam can perform laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) studies to elucidate the chemical composition of the targets of interest. Data from optical spectroscopy can be supplemented by simultaneously-produced laser-produced plasma acoustics in order to expand the information acquired from the probed rocks thanks to the SuperCam's microphone (MIC) as it can be synchronized with …

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Population-Specific Responses In Eastern Oysters Exposed To Low Salinity In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Kyle A. Sirovy, Sandra M. Casas, Jerome F. La Peyre, Morgan W. Kelly Jul 2023

Population-Specific Responses In Eastern Oysters Exposed To Low Salinity In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Kyle A. Sirovy, Sandra M. Casas, Jerome F. La Peyre, Morgan W. Kelly

Faculty Publications

Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, are facing rapid environmental changes in the northern Gulf of Mexico and can respond to these changes via plasticity or evolution. Plastic responses can immediately buffer against environmental changes, although this buffering may impact the organism’s ability to evolve in subsequent generations. While plasticity and evolution are not mutually exclusive, the relative contribution and interaction between them remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of plastic and evolved responses of C. virginica acclimated to low salinity using a common garden experiment with four populations exposed to two salinities. We used three transcriptomic analyses (edgeR, …

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Computational Materials Design For Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms Using Machine Learning, First-Principles Calculations, And Kinetics Rate Theory, Jianwei Wang, Dipta B. Ghosh, Zelong Zhang Jul 2023

Computational Materials Design For Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms Using Machine Learning, First-Principles Calculations, And Kinetics Rate Theory, Jianwei Wang, Dipta B. Ghosh, Zelong Zhang

Faculty Publications

Ceramic waste forms are designed to immobilize radionuclides for permanent disposal in geological repositories. One of the principal criteria for the effective incorporation of waste elements is their compatibility with the host material. In terms of performance under environmental conditions, the resistance of the waste forms to degradation over long periods of time is a critical concern when they are exposed to natural environments. Due to their unique crystallographic features and behavior in nature environment as exemplified by their natural analogues, ceramic waste forms are capable of incorporating problematic nuclear waste elements while showing promising chemical durability in aqueous environments. …

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Three-Dimensional Scaffolds For Bone Tissue Engineering, Harish Chinnasami, Mohan Kumar Dey, Ram Devireddy Jul 2023

Three-Dimensional Scaffolds For Bone Tissue Engineering, Harish Chinnasami, Mohan Kumar Dey, Ram Devireddy

Faculty Publications

Immobilization using external or internal splints is a standard and effective procedure to treat minor skeletal fractures. In the case of major skeletal defects caused by extreme trauma, infectious diseases or tumors, the surgical implantation of a bone graft from external sources is required for a complete cure. Practical disadvantages, such as the risk of immune rejection and infection at the implant site, are high in xenografts and allografts. Currently, an autograft from the iliac crest of a patient is considered the “gold standard” method for treating large-scale skeletal defects. However, this method is not an ideal solution due to …

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Measuring Resilience To Sea-Level Rise For Critical Infrastructure Systems: Leveraging Leading Indicators, Lamis Amer, Murat Erkoc, Rusty A. Feagin, Sabarethinam Kameshwar, Katharine J. Mach, Diana Mitsova Jul 2023

Measuring Resilience To Sea-Level Rise For Critical Infrastructure Systems: Leveraging Leading Indicators, Lamis Amer, Murat Erkoc, Rusty A. Feagin, Sabarethinam Kameshwar, Katharine J. Mach, Diana Mitsova

Faculty Publications

There has been a growing interest in research on how to define and build indicators of resilience to address challenges associated with sea-level rise. Most of the proposed methods rely on lagging indicators constructed based on the historical performance of an infrastructure sub-system. These indicators are traditionally utilized to build curves that describe the past response of the sub-system to stressors; these curves are then used to predict the future resilience of the sub-system to hypothesized events. However, there is now a growing concern that this approach cannot provide the best insights for adaptive decision-making across the broader context of …

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Flammability Properties Of The Pyrolysis Gas Generated From Willow Wood, Maria Mitu, Domnina Razus, Dorin Boldor, Cosmin Marculescu Jul 2023

Flammability Properties Of The Pyrolysis Gas Generated From Willow Wood, Maria Mitu, Domnina Razus, Dorin Boldor, Cosmin Marculescu

Faculty Publications

Willow wood presents a real interest for biomass pyrolysis due to its fast growth, renewability, and high energy density. Following the pyrolysis of willow wood in an inert atmosphere, a multi-fuel gaseous mixture was obtained, with the following composition (by volume): 38.20% CO/21.87% H2/17.44% CH4/1.15% O2/17.15% CO2/4.19% N2. The propagation of laminar premixed flames in these multifuel mixtures with air was investigated numerically for initial temperatures from 298 to 500 K, initial pressures from 1 to 20 bar, and fuel equivalence ratios between 0.60 and 2.00. The combustion of these gaseous mixtures as free laminar premixed flames was simulated by …

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Learning By Doing In The Segregated South: The Robert Hungerford Normal And Industrial School For African Americans In Central Florida, Wenxian Zhang Jul 2023

Learning By Doing In The Segregated South: The Robert Hungerford Normal And Industrial School For African Americans In Central Florida, Wenxian Zhang

Faculty Publications

The development of the Robert Hungerford Normal and Industrial School is an important chapter in the history of African American education in Florida. Through careful examinations of the school publications, records, archival correspondence, and newspaper clippings, the article seeks to document the history of the Hungerford School from its founding in the late nineteenth century until it became a public school in the Orange County, Florida in the early 1950s. Following Booker T. Washington’s ideals, the school was established with a great emphasis on economic self-help and individual advancement for African Americans. Its mission was to teach vocational skills to …

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Effects Of Atlantic Butterfish (Peprilus Triacanthus) In Diets Of Common Terns (Sterna Hirundo): A Case Study Of Climate Change Effects In The Gulf Of Maine, Olivia A. Smith, Elizabeth C. Craig Jul 2023

Effects Of Atlantic Butterfish (Peprilus Triacanthus) In Diets Of Common Terns (Sterna Hirundo): A Case Study Of Climate Change Effects In The Gulf Of Maine, Olivia A. Smith, Elizabeth C. Craig

Faculty Publications

Climate change and associated shifts in marine prey communities can alter food availability for foraging seabirds. This issue is illustrated in the Gulf of Maine by the northward shift of Atlantic butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus; hereafter butterfish) and their subsequent increase in seabird diets. Here, we examine effects of butterfish in diets of the Common Tern (Sterna hirundo), a threatened species in this region. Our objectives were to evaluate butterfish suitability for tern chick diet through observing handling time and feeding success, to examine effects of butterfish on tern chick growth, and to explore signs of adaptive foraging in adults. The …

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Integrating Lipid Metabolism, Pheromone Production And Perception By Fruitless And Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4, Jie Sun, Wen Kan Liu, Calder Ellsworth, Qian Sun, Yufeng Pan, Yi Chun Huang, Wu Min Deng Jun 2023

Integrating Lipid Metabolism, Pheromone Production And Perception By Fruitless And Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4, Jie Sun, Wen Kan Liu, Calder Ellsworth, Qian Sun, Yufeng Pan, Yi Chun Huang, Wu Min Deng

Faculty Publications

Sexual attraction and perception are crucial for mating and reproductive success. In Drosophila melanogaster, the male-specific isoform of Fruitless (Fru), FruM, is a known master neuro-regulator of innate courtship behavior to control the perception of sex pheromones in sensory neurons. Here, we show that the non-sex-specific Fru isoform (FruCOM) is necessary for pheromone biosynthesis in hepatocyte-like oenocytes for sexual attraction. Loss of FruCOM in oenocytes resulted in adults with reduced levels of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), including sex pheromones, and show altered sexual attraction and reduced cuticular hydrophobicity. We further identify Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (Hnf4) as a key target of …

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Structural And Intermediary Social Determinants Of Health And The Emotional And Behavioral Health Of Us Children, Ngozi V. Enelamah, Margaret Lombe, Mansoo Yu, Melissa L. Villodas, Andrew Foell, Chrisann Newransky, Lisa C. Smith, Von Nebbitt Jun 2023

Structural And Intermediary Social Determinants Of Health And The Emotional And Behavioral Health Of Us Children, Ngozi V. Enelamah, Margaret Lombe, Mansoo Yu, Melissa L. Villodas, Andrew Foell, Chrisann Newransky, Lisa C. Smith, Von Nebbitt

Faculty Publications

Children grow up in homes where varying environmental and socioeconomic contexts have a bearing on their emotional and behavioral health (EBH). This study used data from a representative sample of the child supplement of the US National Health Information Survey (NHIS) and applied the social determinants of health (SDoH) framework to explore factors associated with child EBH. We conducted a path analysis of the child’s EBH measured by the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) from their macro and socioeconomic contexts, e.g., policy, household, and other health system risk factors. For children in the sample, aged 4 to 17 years old …

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Opinion: How Fear Of Nuclear Winter Has Helped Save The World, So Far, Alan Robock, Lili Xia, Cheryl S. Harrison, Joshua Coupe, Owen B. Toon, Charles G. Bardeen Jun 2023

Opinion: How Fear Of Nuclear Winter Has Helped Save The World, So Far, Alan Robock, Lili Xia, Cheryl S. Harrison, Joshua Coupe, Owen B. Toon, Charles G. Bardeen

Faculty Publications

The direct effects of nuclear war would be horrific, with blasts, fires, and radiation killing and injuring many people. But in 1983, United States and Soviet Union scientists showed that a nuclear war could also produce a nuclear winter, with catastrophic consequences for global food supplies for people far removed from the conflict. Smoke from fires ignited by nuclear weapons exploded on cities and industrial targets would block out sunlight, causing dark, cold, and dry surface conditions, producing a nuclear winter, with surface temperatures below freezing even in summer for years. Nuclear winter theory helped to end the nuclear arms …

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Marine Anoxia Initiates Giant Sulfur-Bacteria Mat Proliferation And Associated Changes In Benthic Nitrogen, Sulfur, And Iron Cycling In The Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland, David J. Yousavich, De'marcus Robinson, Xuefeng Peng, Sebastian J.E. Krause, Frank Wenzhoefer, Felix Janßen, Na Liu, Jonathan Tarn, Frank Kinnaman, David L. Valentine, Tina Treude Jun 2023

Marine Anoxia Initiates Giant Sulfur-Bacteria Mat Proliferation And Associated Changes In Benthic Nitrogen, Sulfur, And Iron Cycling In The Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland, David J. Yousavich, De'marcus Robinson, Xuefeng Peng, Sebastian J.E. Krause, Frank Wenzhoefer, Felix Janßen, Na Liu, Jonathan Tarn, Frank Kinnaman, David L. Valentine, Tina Treude

Faculty Publications

The Santa Barbara Basin naturally experiences transient deoxygenation due to its unique geological setting in the southern California Borderland and seasonal changes in ocean currents. Long-term measurements of the basin showed that anoxic events and subsequent nitrate exhaustion in the bottom waters have been occurring more frequently and lasting longer over the past decade. One characteristic of the Santa Barbara Basin is the seasonal development of extensive mats of benthic nitrate-reducing sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, which are found at the sediment–water interface when the basin's bottom waters reach anoxia but still provide some nitrate. To assess the mat's impact on the benthic …

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Effects Of Fucoidan Supplementation On Inflammatory And Immune Response After High-Intensity Exercise, Bridget A. Mcfadden, Caroline S. Vincenty, Akexa J. Chandler, Harry P. Cintineo, Blaine S. Lints, Gianna F. Mastrofini, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak Jun 2023

Effects Of Fucoidan Supplementation On Inflammatory And Immune Response After High-Intensity Exercise, Bridget A. Mcfadden, Caroline S. Vincenty, Akexa J. Chandler, Harry P. Cintineo, Blaine S. Lints, Gianna F. Mastrofini, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak

Faculty Publications

Introduction: High-intensity exercise (HIE) can damage the musculotendon complex and impact the immune response, resulting in post-exercise inflammation. Sufficient rest and recovery will improve muscular resilience against future damaging bouts; however, HIE with minimal durations of rest is common in athletic competitions that facilitate persistent inflammation and immune dysregulation. Fucoidans are fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and pro-immune responses. Fucoidans may improve inflammation and immune responses, which may prove beneficial for individuals who regularly engage in repeated HIE. The research purpose was to investigate the safety and efficacy of fucoidans on inflammatory and immune markers following HIE. Methods: Eight …

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New Records Of Southern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus Frontalis Zimmermann; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) In New York, New Hampshire, And Maine, Usa Indicate Northward Range Expansion, Caroline R. Kanaskie, Thomas C. Schmeelk, Jessica A. Cancelliere, Jeff R. Garnas Jun 2023

New Records Of Southern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus Frontalis Zimmermann; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) In New York, New Hampshire, And Maine, Usa Indicate Northward Range Expansion, Caroline R. Kanaskie, Thomas C. Schmeelk, Jessica A. Cancelliere, Jeff R. Garnas

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Investigation Of Iron(Iii) Tetraphenylporphyrin As A Redox Flow Battery Anolyte: Unexpected Side Reactivity With The Electrolyte, Nathan H. Mitchell, Noémie Elgrishi Jun 2023

Investigation Of Iron(Iii) Tetraphenylporphyrin As A Redox Flow Battery Anolyte: Unexpected Side Reactivity With The Electrolyte, Nathan H. Mitchell, Noémie Elgrishi

Faculty Publications

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) present an opportunity to bridge the gap between the intermittent availability of green energy sources and the need for on-demand grid level energy storage. While aqueous vanadium-based redox flow batteries have been commercialized, they are limited by the constraints of using water as an electrochemical solvent. Nonaqueous redox flow battery systems can be used to produce high voltage batteries due to the larger electrochemical window in nonaqueous solvents and the ability to tune the redox properties of active materials through functionalization. Iron porphyrins, a class of organometallic macrocycles, have been the subject of many studies for …

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Relative Genetic Homogeneity Within A Phenotypically Diverse Group; A Case Of The Lake Tana Labeobarbus (Cyprinidae) Species Flock, Ethiopia, Kebede Beshera Jun 2023

Relative Genetic Homogeneity Within A Phenotypically Diverse Group; A Case Of The Lake Tana Labeobarbus (Cyprinidae) Species Flock, Ethiopia, Kebede Beshera

Faculty Publications

The Lake Tana Labeobarbus species flock represents one of the world’s most famous examples of lacustrine species radiations. Previous studies of this group have resulted in the description of at least 15 species based on their differences in functional morphology and definition of two clades (lacustrine and riverine spawning clades) based on life history traits. A total of 166 fish representing 14 Labeobarbus species were genotyped using 10 lineage-specific hexaploid microsatellite loci. Six of these loci were developed for this study based on DNA sequence contigs derived from a microsatellite-enriched genomic library of Labeobarbus intermedius from Lake Tana; the remaining …

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Active Colloids As Models, Materials, And Machines, Kyle J.M. Bishop, Sibani Lisa Biswal, Bhuvnesh Bharti Jun 2023

Active Colloids As Models, Materials, And Machines, Kyle J.M. Bishop, Sibani Lisa Biswal, Bhuvnesh Bharti

Faculty Publications

Active colloids use energy input at the particle level to propel persistent motion and direct dynamic assemblies. We consider three types of colloids animated by chemical reactions, time-varying magnetic fields, and electric currents. For each type, we review the basic propulsion mechanisms at the particle level and discuss their consequences for collective behaviors in particle ensembles. These microscopic systems provide useful experimental models of nonequilibrium many-body physics in which dissipative currents break time-reversal symmetry. Freed from the constraints of thermodynamic equilibrium, active colloids assemble to form materials that move, reconfigure, heal, and adapt. Colloidal machines based on engineered particles and …

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Genome-Wide Coancestry Reveals Details Of Ancient And Recent Male-Driven Reticulation In Baboons, Erik F. Sørensen, R. Alan Harris, Liye Zhang, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Lukas F.K. Kuderna, Jerilyn A. Walker, Jessica M. Storer, Martin Kuhlwilm, Claudia Fontsere, Lakshmi Seshadri, Christina M. Bergey, Andrew S. Burrell, Juraj Bergman, Jane E. Phillips-Conroy, Fekadu Shiferaw, Kenneth L. Chiou, Idrissa S. Chuma, Julius D. Keyyu, Julia Fischer, Marie Claude Gingras, Sejal Salvi, Harshavardhan Doddapaneni, Mikkel H. Schierup, Mark A. Batzer, Clifford J. Jolly, Sascha Knauf, Dietmar Zinner, Kyle K.H. Farh, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Kasper Munch, Christian Roos, Jeffrey Rogers Jun 2023

Genome-Wide Coancestry Reveals Details Of Ancient And Recent Male-Driven Reticulation In Baboons, Erik F. Sørensen, R. Alan Harris, Liye Zhang, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Lukas F.K. Kuderna, Jerilyn A. Walker, Jessica M. Storer, Martin Kuhlwilm, Claudia Fontsere, Lakshmi Seshadri, Christina M. Bergey, Andrew S. Burrell, Juraj Bergman, Jane E. Phillips-Conroy, Fekadu Shiferaw, Kenneth L. Chiou, Idrissa S. Chuma, Julius D. Keyyu, Julia Fischer, Marie Claude Gingras, Sejal Salvi, Harshavardhan Doddapaneni, Mikkel H. Schierup, Mark A. Batzer, Clifford J. Jolly, Sascha Knauf, Dietmar Zinner, Kyle K.H. Farh, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Kasper Munch, Christian Roos, Jeffrey Rogers

Faculty Publications

Baboons (genus Papio) are a morphologically and behaviorally diverse clade of catarrhine monkeys that have experienced hybridization between phenotypically and genetically distinct phylogenetic species. We used high-coverage whole-genome sequences from 225 wild baboons representing 19 geographic localities to investigate population genomics and interspecies gene flow. Our analyses provide an expanded picture of evolutionary reticulation among species and reveal patterns of population structure within and among species, including differential admixture among conspecific populations. We describe the first example of a baboon population with a genetic composition that is derived from three distinct lineages. The results reveal processes, both ancient and recent, …

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Impact Of Zein And Lignin-Plga Biopolymer Nanoparticles Used As Pesticide Nanocarriers On Soybean Growth And Yield Under Field Conditions, Colin A.R. Bonser, Jaya Borgatta, Jason C. White, Carlos E. Astete, Cristina M. Sabliov, Jeffrey A. Davis Jun 2023

Impact Of Zein And Lignin-Plga Biopolymer Nanoparticles Used As Pesticide Nanocarriers On Soybean Growth And Yield Under Field Conditions, Colin A.R. Bonser, Jaya Borgatta, Jason C. White, Carlos E. Astete, Cristina M. Sabliov, Jeffrey A. Davis

Faculty Publications

Nanoparticles are being utilized in agriculture as fertilizers, pesticides, and agrochemical-carriers. Designed to be biocompatible and degradable, biopolymer nanoparticles were developed as an alternative to metallic nanoparticles, and though safe-by-design, polymeric nanoparticles must be field-tested prior to largescale use. Several field studies were conducted to observe detrimental effects of biopolymer nanoparticles on plant growth and yield using soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., as a model system. Biopolymer nanoparticles made from lignin or zein were applied as seed treatments to soybean seeds or as foliar sprays (zein only) to soybean plants. Studies using biopolymer nanoparticle seed treatments (nano-STs) measured the germination …

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Horn Fly Transcriptome Data Of Ten Populations From The Southern United States With Varying Degrees And Molecular Mechanisms Of Pesticide Resistance, Kylie G. Bendele, Felix D. Guerrero, Kimberly H. Lohmeyer, Lane D. Foil, Richard P. Metz, Charles D. Johnson Jun 2023

Horn Fly Transcriptome Data Of Ten Populations From The Southern United States With Varying Degrees And Molecular Mechanisms Of Pesticide Resistance, Kylie G. Bendele, Felix D. Guerrero, Kimberly H. Lohmeyer, Lane D. Foil, Richard P. Metz, Charles D. Johnson

Faculty Publications

Haematobia irritans irritans (Linnaeus, 1758: Diptera: Muscidae), the horn fly, is an external parasite of penned and pastured livestock that causes a major economic impact on cattle production worldwide. Pesticides such as synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates are routinely used to control horn flies; however, resistance to these chemicals has become a concern in several countries. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of resistance in horn fly populations, we sequenced the transcriptomes of ten populations of horn flies from the southern US possessing varying degrees of pesticide resistance levels to pyrethroids, organophosphates, and endosulfans. We employed an Illumina paired end HiSeq …

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Combining Visual Cues And Pheromone Blends For Monitoring And Management Of The Tarnished Plant Bug Lygus Lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), Justin George, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Nathan Little, Sarah E.J. Arnold, David R. Hall Jun 2023

Combining Visual Cues And Pheromone Blends For Monitoring And Management Of The Tarnished Plant Bug Lygus Lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), Justin George, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Nathan Little, Sarah E.J. Arnold, David R. Hall

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) is considered the most damaging pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the mid-southern United States. Previous studies have reported the role of different ratios of volatile metathoracic gland components such as hexyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal in eliciting low-level attraction of L. lineolaris. In this study, we tested different visual cues (colored sticky cards) in combination with olfactory cues (pheromone blends) to optimize the attraction and capture of L. lineolaris in the field. RESULTS: Red-colored sticky cards were more attractive to L. lineolaris adults than white, blue or …

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Recent Trends In Management Strategies For Two Major Maize Borers: Ostrinia Nubilalis And Sesamia Nonagrioides, Gülay Kaçar, Ana Butrón, Dimitrios Kontogiannatos, Peng Han, Maria Fernanda G.V. Peñaflor, Gema P. Farinós, Fangneng Huang, William D. Hutchison, Bruno H.S. De Souza, Rosa Ana Malvar, Anna Kourti, Ricardo Ramirez-Romero, Jocelyn L. Smith, Abdurrahman Sami Koca, Maria Pineda, Khalid Haddi Jun 2023

Recent Trends In Management Strategies For Two Major Maize Borers: Ostrinia Nubilalis And Sesamia Nonagrioides, Gülay Kaçar, Ana Butrón, Dimitrios Kontogiannatos, Peng Han, Maria Fernanda G.V. Peñaflor, Gema P. Farinós, Fangneng Huang, William D. Hutchison, Bruno H.S. De Souza, Rosa Ana Malvar, Anna Kourti, Ricardo Ramirez-Romero, Jocelyn L. Smith, Abdurrahman Sami Koca, Maria Pineda, Khalid Haddi

Faculty Publications

Stem borers (Lepidoptera) are common cereal pests. In many parts of the world, the species Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides stand out as important insect pests of economically important crops such as maize. Their management relied mainly on transgenic host plant resistance over the last 25 years. Technologies based on the insecticidal properties of Bacillus thuringiensis-derived proteins allowed widespread pest population suppression, especially for O. nubilalis. However, the recent discovery of Bt resistance, which has revitalized interest in both pests’ biology and management, may jeopardize the effectiveness of such transgenic technologies. Historical information on O. nubilalis bionomy may need to …

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Metal Transport In The Mixing Zone Of An Estuarine River To The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Zhenwei Wu, Songjie He, Yi Jun Xu Jun 2023

Metal Transport In The Mixing Zone Of An Estuarine River To The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Zhenwei Wu, Songjie He, Yi Jun Xu

Faculty Publications

To better understand the pollution potential of metals in estuaries heavily concentrated with petrochemical industries, we measured concentrations of total recoverable metals in the lower Calcasieu River in southwestern Louisiana that flows into the northern Gulf of Mexico. Water samples were collected at six sites along the last 88 km reach of the river monthly between May 2013 and November 2015, during which salinity ranged from 0.02 to 29.5 ppt from upstream to downstream. The samples were analyzed for a series of total recoverable metals, including aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), …

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Effects Of Human And Nonhuman Predation Risk On Antipredator Movement Behaviors Of An Upland Game Bird, Patrick H. Wightman, James A. Martin, Michel T. Kohl, Bret A. Collier, Michael J. Chamberlain Jun 2023

Effects Of Human And Nonhuman Predation Risk On Antipredator Movement Behaviors Of An Upland Game Bird, Patrick H. Wightman, James A. Martin, Michel T. Kohl, Bret A. Collier, Michael J. Chamberlain

Faculty Publications

Predators elicit antipredator behaviors such as proactive and reactive movements in prey, but both are rarely investigated simultaneously. Impacts of human predation risk on antipredator behaviors can be greater than those of nonhuman predators, resulting in increased effects on populations and community structure. We compared the influence of human and nonhuman predation risk on proactive and reactive antipredator movement behaviors of male Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo, hereafter turkey). We used simultaneously collected GPS locations from 31 turkeys and 36 coyotes (Canis latrans) to investigate the antipredator behavior of turkeys to coyotes. To assess antipredator behaviors of turkeys to hunters, …

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Reproductive Asynchrony Within Social Groups Of Female Eastern Wild Turkeys, Erin E. Ulrey, Michael J. Chamberlain, Bret A. Collier Jun 2023

Reproductive Asynchrony Within Social Groups Of Female Eastern Wild Turkeys, Erin E. Ulrey, Michael J. Chamberlain, Bret A. Collier

Faculty Publications

Coordination in timing of reproduction is driven by multiple ecological and sociobiological processes for a wide array of species. Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) use a male dominance polygynous mating system, where males communicate with females via elaborate courtship displays and vocalizations at display sites. Most females prefer to mate with dominant males; therefore, asynchronous breeding and nesting may occur which can disproportionately influence individual fitness within breeding groups. For female wild turkeys, there are reproductive advantages associated with earlier nesting. As such, we evaluated reproductive asynchrony within and between groups of GPS-tagged female eastern wild turkeys based on …

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Indirect Functional Effects Of Neighbors On Food Web Compartments Could Not Overcome Density-Dependent Limited Growth Of A Grazing Minnow, Garrett W. Hopper, Keith B. Gido, Caryn C. Vaughn Jun 2023

Indirect Functional Effects Of Neighbors On Food Web Compartments Could Not Overcome Density-Dependent Limited Growth Of A Grazing Minnow, Garrett W. Hopper, Keith B. Gido, Caryn C. Vaughn

Faculty Publications

Ecosystems include diverse taxonomic and functional groups of animals with variable levels of niche overlap that can lead to direct and indirect interactions with positive or negative outcomes. Species feeding at low trophic positions might be sensitive to interactions with co-occurring functional groups (neighbors) that influence their food resources through various processes, such as indirect nutrient subsidies and trophic cascades. Employing a target-neighbor experimental design using large, outdoor mesocosms, we tested whether adding neighbors with different functional traits affected food web compartments relative to a control group that had grazing minnows, Campostoma anomalum (Central Stoneroller). Additionally, we tested whether growth …

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A Simple Trail Camera Modification Reveals Red-Bellied Woodpeckers As Important Egg Predators Of Box-Nesting Wood Ducks, Dylan L. Bakner, Kevin M. Ringelman Jun 2023

A Simple Trail Camera Modification Reveals Red-Bellied Woodpeckers As Important Egg Predators Of Box-Nesting Wood Ducks, Dylan L. Bakner, Kevin M. Ringelman

Faculty Publications

Artificial nesting structures have been used to aid the recovery and maintenance of certain avian populations such as the wood duck (Aix sponsa). The success of nest boxes for wood ducks relies on excluding common nest predators such as raccoons (Procyon lotor) and rat snakes (Pantherophis spp.) via the use of predator guards; however, woodpeckers cannot be excluded. Red-bellied woodpeckers (Melanerpes carolinus) are foraging generalists and have been anecdotally observed preying on wood duck eggs where documenting predation events is difficult to accomplish through traditional nest box monitoring. Here, we used custom-modified trail cameras to document egg depredations and foraging …

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