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Intraspecific Variation In Indirect Plant–Soil Feedbacks Influences A Wetland Plant Invasion, Warwick J. Allen, Laura A. Meyerson, Andrew J. Flick, James T. Cronin Jun 2018

Intraspecific Variation In Indirect Plant–Soil Feedbacks Influences A Wetland Plant Invasion, Warwick J. Allen, Laura A. Meyerson, Andrew J. Flick, James T. Cronin

Faculty Publications

© 2018 by the Ecological Society of America Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) influence plant competition via direct interactions with pathogens and mutualists or indirectly via apparent competition/mutualisms (i.e., spillover to co-occurring plants) and soil legacy effects. It is currently unknown how intraspecific variation in PSFs interacts with the environment (e.g., nutrient availability) to influence competition between native and invasive plants. We conducted a fully crossed multi-factor greenhouse experiment to determine the effects of Phragmites australis rhizosphere soil biota, interspecific competition, and nutrient availability on biomass of replicate populations from one native and two invasive lineages of common reed (P. australis) and …

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Generating Dna Sequence Data With Limited Resources For Molecular Biology: Lessons From A Barcoding Project In Indonesia, Gillian H. Dean, Rani Asmarayani, Marlina Ardiyani, Yessi Santika, Teguh Triono, Sarah Mathews, Campbell O. Webb Jun 2018

Generating Dna Sequence Data With Limited Resources For Molecular Biology: Lessons From A Barcoding Project In Indonesia, Gillian H. Dean, Rani Asmarayani, Marlina Ardiyani, Yessi Santika, Teguh Triono, Sarah Mathews, Campbell O. Webb

Faculty Publications

Applications in Plant Sciences is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Botanical Society of America The advent of the DNA sequencing age has led to a revolution in biology. The rapid and cost-effective generation of high-quality sequence data has transformed many fields, including those focused on discovering species and surveying biodiversity, monitoring movement of biological materials, forensic biology, and disease diagnostics. There is a need to build capacity to generate useful sequence data in countries with limited historical access to laboratory resources, so that researchers can benefit from the advantages offered by these data. Commonly used molecular …

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Advancing Dendrochronological Studies Of Fire In The United States, Grant L. Harley, Christopher H. Baisan, Peter M. Brown, Donald A. Falk, William T. Flatley, Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, Amy Hessl, Emily K. Heyerdahl, Margot W. Kaye, Charles W. Lafon, Ellis Q. Margolis, R. Stockton Maxwell, Adam T. Naito, William J. Platt, Monica T. Rother, Thomas Saladyga, Rosemary L. Sherriff, Lauren A. Stachowiak, Michael C. Stambaugh, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Alan H. Taylor Jun 2018

Advancing Dendrochronological Studies Of Fire In The United States, Grant L. Harley, Christopher H. Baisan, Peter M. Brown, Donald A. Falk, William T. Flatley, Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, Amy Hessl, Emily K. Heyerdahl, Margot W. Kaye, Charles W. Lafon, Ellis Q. Margolis, R. Stockton Maxwell, Adam T. Naito, William J. Platt, Monica T. Rother, Thomas Saladyga, Rosemary L. Sherriff, Lauren A. Stachowiak, Michael C. Stambaugh, Elaine Kennedy Sutherland, Alan H. Taylor

Faculty Publications

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Dendroecology is the science that dates tree rings to their exact calendar year of formation to study processes that influence forest ecology (e.g., Speer 2010 [1], Amoroso et al., 2017 [2]). Reconstruction of past fire regimes is a core application of dendroecology, linking fire history to population dynamics and climate effects on tree growth and survivorship. Since the early 20th century when dendrochronologists recognized that tree rings retained fire scars (e.g., Figure 1), and hence a record of past fires, they have conducted studies worldwide to reconstruct [2] the historical range …

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Taxonomy Of Calophya (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) Species Associated With Schinus Terebinthifolia (Anacardiaceae), Daniel Burckhardt, James P. Cuda, Rodrigo Diaz, William Overholt, Patricia Prade, Dalva Luiz De Queiroz, Marcelo D. Vitorino, Gregory S. Wheeler Jun 2018

Taxonomy Of Calophya (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) Species Associated With Schinus Terebinthifolia (Anacardiaceae), Daniel Burckhardt, James P. Cuda, Rodrigo Diaz, William Overholt, Patricia Prade, Dalva Luiz De Queiroz, Marcelo D. Vitorino, Gregory S. Wheeler

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Florida Entomological Society. All rights reserved. Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardaceae), native to Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, is one of the most invasive weeds in Florida. In its native range, at least 4 psyllid species of the genus Calophya (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) are associated with it. All 4 species are monophagous and constitute a likely monophyletic group that induce pit galls, usually on the upper leaf surface. Here we revise the taxonomy of these species, 2 of which are described as new, viz. C. lutea sp. nov. and C. praestigiator sp. nov. Morphological differences between the 4 …

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Structural Modification Of The Tripeptide Kpv By Reductive “Glycoalkylation” Of The Lysine Residue, Abigael C. Songok, Pradip Panta, William T. Doerrler, Megan A. Macnaughtan, Carol M. Taylor Jun 2018

Structural Modification Of The Tripeptide Kpv By Reductive “Glycoalkylation” Of The Lysine Residue, Abigael C. Songok, Pradip Panta, William T. Doerrler, Megan A. Macnaughtan, Carol M. Taylor

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Songok et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Peptides that exhibit enzymatic or hormonal activities are regulatory factors and desirable therapeutic drugs because of their high target specificity and minimal side effects. Unfortunately, these drugs are susceptible to enzymatic degradation, leading to their rapid elimination and thereby demanding frequent dosage. Structurally modified forms of some peptide drugs have shown enhanced pharmacokinetics, improving their oral bioavailability. Here, we discuss a …

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Structural Modification Of The Tripeptide Kpv By Reductive “Glycoalkylation” Of The Lysine Residue, Abigael C. Songok, Pradip Panta, William T. Doerrler, Megan A. Macnaughtan, Carol M. Taylor Jun 2018

Structural Modification Of The Tripeptide Kpv By Reductive “Glycoalkylation” Of The Lysine Residue, Abigael C. Songok, Pradip Panta, William T. Doerrler, Megan A. Macnaughtan, Carol M. Taylor

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Songok et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Peptides that exhibit enzymatic or hormonal activities are regulatory factors and desirable therapeutic drugs because of their high target specificity and minimal side effects. Unfortunately, these drugs are susceptible to enzymatic degradation, leading to their rapid elimination and thereby demanding frequent dosage. Structurally modified forms of some peptide drugs have shown enhanced pharmacokinetics, improving their oral bioavailability. Here, we discuss a …

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Groundsel Bush (Baccharis Halimifolia) Extract Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation In Vitro And Increases Adiponectin Expression In Mature Adipocytes, Anik Boudreau, Scott Fuller, Davidm Ribnicky, Allison J. Richard, Jacqueline M. Stephens Jun 2018

Groundsel Bush (Baccharis Halimifolia) Extract Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation In Vitro And Increases Adiponectin Expression In Mature Adipocytes, Anik Boudreau, Scott Fuller, Davidm Ribnicky, Allison J. Richard, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. An ethanolic extract of Baccharis halimifolia (groundsel bush, GB), which is a native Louisiana plant with documented use in Creole folk medicine, has been shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in cultured macrophages. Here, we examine the effects of GB on adipocyte development and function, as these processes are attractive targets for intervention in insulin resistance. Oil Red O neutral lipid staining, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunoblotting were used to measure GB effects on lipid accumulation, gene expression, and protein abundance, respectively. In differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GB enhanced …

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Making Epidermal Bladder Cells Bigger: Developmental-And Salinity-Induced Endopolyploidy In A Model Halophyte, Bronwyn J. Barkla, Timothy Rhodes, Kieu Nga T. Tran, Chathura Wijesinghege, John C. Larkin, Maheshi Dassanayake Jun 2018

Making Epidermal Bladder Cells Bigger: Developmental-And Salinity-Induced Endopolyploidy In A Model Halophyte, Bronwyn J. Barkla, Timothy Rhodes, Kieu Nga T. Tran, Chathura Wijesinghege, John C. Larkin, Maheshi Dassanayake

Faculty Publications

© 2018 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. Endopolyploidy occurs when DNA replication takes place without subsequent mitotic nuclear division, resulting in cell-specific ploidy levels within tissues. In plants, endopolyploidy plays an important role in sustaining growth and development, but only a few studies have demonstrated a role in abiotic stress response. In this study, we investigated the function of ploidy level and nuclear and cell size in leaf expansion throughout development and tracked cell type-specific ploidy in the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. In addition to developmental endopolyploidy, we examined the effects of salinity stress on ploidy level. We …

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Putative Resistance-Associated Genes Induced In Sugarcane In Response To The Brown Rust Fungus, Puccinia Melanocephala And Their Use In Genetic Diversity Analysis Of Louisiana Sugarcane Clones, Mavir Carolina Avellaneda, Arnold P. Parco, Jeffrey W. Hoy, Niranjan Baisakh Jun 2018

Putative Resistance-Associated Genes Induced In Sugarcane In Response To The Brown Rust Fungus, Puccinia Melanocephala And Their Use In Genetic Diversity Analysis Of Louisiana Sugarcane Clones, Mavir Carolina Avellaneda, Arnold P. Parco, Jeffrey W. Hoy, Niranjan Baisakh

Faculty Publications

Development of resistant cultivars is the main control measure against sugarcane brown rust caused by Puccinia melanocephala. Durability is uncertain, since the pathogen possesses adaptive ability to overcome host plant resistance. A differential gene expression study utilizing suppressive subtraction hybridization was conducted to identify brown rust responsive genes in sugarcane. The expression patterns of 11 out of 217 unigenes of the subtractive library representing biosynthetic pathways, defense-related genes, and signaling genes were analyzed in L 99-233, a cultivar exhibiting quantitative resistance, L 01-299, a resistant cultivar with the major resistance gene Bru1, and two susceptible cultivars, Ho 95-988 and L …

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Using Hydrogen Stable Isotope Ratios To Trace The Geographic Origin Of The Population Of Bactrocera Dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Trapped In Northern China, Zihua Zhao, Zhenglong Lu, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Shuo Zhao, Guanghui Lin, Jianyun Ding, Jiajiao Wu, Zhihong Li Jun 2018

Using Hydrogen Stable Isotope Ratios To Trace The Geographic Origin Of The Population Of Bactrocera Dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Trapped In Northern China, Zihua Zhao, Zhenglong Lu, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Shuo Zhao, Guanghui Lin, Jianyun Ding, Jiajiao Wu, Zhihong Li

Faculty Publications

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a generalist feeder that is known to successfully feed and breed on a variety of fruits and vegetables in the tropical and subtropical zones of Asia. Recently, the northward extension of B. dorsalis has been reported, and this geographic range increase relates to both climate changes and the rapid development of domestic and international trade and travel. However, it has not been possible to determine the origin of this pest, which is trapped in north China. In this study, traps baited with the sex attractant methyl eugenol were used to …

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Stability And Robustness Analysis For A Multispecies Chemostat Model With Delays In The Growth Rates And Uncertainties, Frederic Mazenc, Gonzalo Robledo, Michael Malisoff Jun 2018

Stability And Robustness Analysis For A Multispecies Chemostat Model With Delays In The Growth Rates And Uncertainties, Frederic Mazenc, Gonzalo Robledo, Michael Malisoff

Faculty Publications

We study a chemostat model with an arbitrary number of competing species, one substrate, and constant dilution rates. We allow delays in the growth rates and additive uncertainties. Using constant inputs of certain species, we derive bounds on the sizes of the delays that ensure asymptotic stability of an equilibrium when the uncertainties are zero, which can allow persistence of multiple species. Under delays and uncertainties, we provide bounds on the delays and on the uncertainties that ensure input-to-state stability with respect to uncertainties.

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Changes To Extender, Cryoprotective Medium, And In Vitro Fertilization Improve Zebrafish Sperm Cryopreservation, Jennifer L. Matthews, Joy M. Murphy, Carrie Carmichael, Huiping Yang, Terrence Tiersch, Monte Westerfield, Zoltan M. Varga Jun 2018

Changes To Extender, Cryoprotective Medium, And In Vitro Fertilization Improve Zebrafish Sperm Cryopreservation, Jennifer L. Matthews, Joy M. Murphy, Carrie Carmichael, Huiping Yang, Terrence Tiersch, Monte Westerfield, Zoltan M. Varga

Faculty Publications

Sperm cryopreservation is a highly efficient method for preserving genetic resources. It extends the reproductive period of males and significantly reduces costs normally associated with maintenance of live animal colonies. However, previous zebrafish (Danio rerio) cryopreservation methods have produced variable outcomes and low post-thaw fertilization rates. To improve post-thaw fertilization rates after cryopreservation, we developed a new extender and cryoprotective medium (CPM), introduced quality assessment (QA), determined the optimal cooling rate, and improved the post-thaw in vitro fertilization process. We found that the hypertonic extender E400 preserved motility of sperm held on ice for at least 6 h. We implemented …

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Estimating Waterfowl Carrying Capacity At Local Scales: A Case Study From Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey, Kevin M. Ringelman, Christopher K. Williams, Paul M. Castelli, Mason L. Sieges, Rebecca A. Longenecker, Theodore C. Nichols, Stephen D. Earsom Jun 2018

Estimating Waterfowl Carrying Capacity At Local Scales: A Case Study From Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey, Kevin M. Ringelman, Christopher K. Williams, Paul M. Castelli, Mason L. Sieges, Rebecca A. Longenecker, Theodore C. Nichols, Stephen D. Earsom

Faculty Publications

The management of wintering North American waterfowl is based on the premise that the amount of foraging habitat can limit populations. To estimate carrying capacity of winter habitats, managers use bioenergetic models to quantify energy (food) availability and energy demand, and use results as planning tools to meet regional conservation objectives. Regional models provide only coarse estimates of carrying capacity because habitat area, habitat energy values, and temporal trends in population-level demand are difficult to quantify precisely at large scales. We took advantage of detailed data previously collected on wintering waterfowl at Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge and surrounding …

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Dopamine-Related Genotypes And Physical Activity Change During An Intervention: The Lifestyle Interventions And Independence For Elders Study, Andrea L. Rosso, Andrea L. Metti, Nancy W. Glynn, Robert M. Boudreau, W. Jack Rejeski, Nicolaas Bohnen, Haiying Chen, Neil M. Johannsen, Abby C. King, Todd M. Manini, Marco Pahor, Stephanie A. Studenski, Carlos A.Vaz Fragoso, Caterina Rosano Jun 2018

Dopamine-Related Genotypes And Physical Activity Change During An Intervention: The Lifestyle Interventions And Independence For Elders Study, Andrea L. Rosso, Andrea L. Metti, Nancy W. Glynn, Robert M. Boudreau, W. Jack Rejeski, Nicolaas Bohnen, Haiying Chen, Neil M. Johannsen, Abby C. King, Todd M. Manini, Marco Pahor, Stephanie A. Studenski, Carlos A.Vaz Fragoso, Caterina Rosano

Faculty Publications

Objectives: To determine whether intervention-induced physical activity (PA) changes in sedentary older adults differed according to dopamine-related genotype. Design: Randomized clinical trial (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Trial (2010–13)). Setting: Multicenter study, 8 U.S. locations. Participants: Volunteer sample of sedentary adults aged 70 to 89 at risk of disability (N=1635). Interventions: Structured PA versus health education (HE) for an average of 2.6 years. Measurements: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of dopamine-related genes (dopamine receptor (DR) D1, DRD2, DRD3, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)) were assessed. Average moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was calculated using accelerometry (min/d) at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months. …

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Facially Amphiphilic Polyionene Biocidal Polymers Derived From Lithocholic Acid, Mitra S. Ganewatta, Md Anisur Rahman, Louis Mercado, Tinom Shokfai, Alan W. Decho, Theresa M. Reineke, Chuanbing Tang Jun 2018

Facially Amphiphilic Polyionene Biocidal Polymers Derived From Lithocholic Acid, Mitra S. Ganewatta, Md Anisur Rahman, Louis Mercado, Tinom Shokfai, Alan W. Decho, Theresa M. Reineke, Chuanbing Tang

Faculty Publications

Bacterial infections have become a global issue that requires urgent attention, particularly regarding to emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria. We developed quaternary amine-containing antimicrobial poly(bile acid)s that contain a hydrophobic core of lithocholic acid in the main-chain. Interestingly, by choosing appropriate monomers, these cationic polymers can form core-shell micelles. These polymers exhibited biocidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. It is demonstrated that the micelles can deliver hydrophobic antibiotics that functionally have dual antimicrobial activities. Cytotoxicity assays against HeLa cells showed dosage-dependent toxicity for polymers with longer linkers.

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Feeding Patterns Of Two Commercially Important Fish Species Scomberoides Commersonnianus And S. Tol In The Northern Arabian Sea Coast Of Pakistan, Nazia Qamar, Sher Khan Panhwar, Ralf Riedel Jun 2018

Feeding Patterns Of Two Commercially Important Fish Species Scomberoides Commersonnianus And S. Tol In The Northern Arabian Sea Coast Of Pakistan, Nazia Qamar, Sher Khan Panhwar, Ralf Riedel

Faculty Publications

Port landing of Scomberoides commersonnianus and S. tol were obtained between July 2013 and June 2015 for stomach content analysis. Analysis of prey composition was done using permutational analysis of variance (permanova), with species, life stage (juvenile and adults), gender, and weather (rainy and dry season) as factors. Patterns of empty stomachs were investigated to estimate feeding intensity. Feeding intensity was estimated with logistic regression, using the same independent variables as above. Prey importance was also investigated. Prey importance was assessed using a Wilcox Rank Correlation analysis on the Index of Relative Importance (IRI) by species and life-stage. Permanova analysis …

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Assessing Natural Infection With Zika Virus In The Southern House Mosquito, Culex Quinquefasciatus, During 2016 In Puerto Rico, Donald A. Yee, Rebeca De Jesus Crespo, Fiona F. Hunter, Fengwei Bai Jun 2018

Assessing Natural Infection With Zika Virus In The Southern House Mosquito, Culex Quinquefasciatus, During 2016 In Puerto Rico, Donald A. Yee, Rebeca De Jesus Crespo, Fiona F. Hunter, Fengwei Bai

Faculty Publications

The epidemic of Zika in the Western hemisphere has led to intense investigations of all species important in the transmission of Zika virus (ZikV), including putative mosquito vectors. Although evidence points to Stegomyia (= Aedes) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes as the primary vectors in nature among humans, there remains the possibility that other common mosquito species may be implicated in the rapid spread of the virus. Herein, field-caught Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) collected during June 2016 in different neighbourhoods in San Juan, Puerto Rico were examined for the presence of natural infection with ZikV. Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti) …

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The Effect Of Light Conditions On Interpreting Oil Composition Engineering In Arabidopsis Seeds, Nischal Karki, Philip D. Bates Jun 2018

The Effect Of Light Conditions On Interpreting Oil Composition Engineering In Arabidopsis Seeds, Nischal Karki, Philip D. Bates

Faculty Publications

Arabidopsis thaliana is the most developed and utilized model plant. In particular, it is an excellent model for proof‐of‐concept seed oil engineering studies because it accumulates approximately 37% seed oil by weight, and it is closely related to important Brassicaceae oilseed crops. Arabidopsis can be grown under a wide variety of conditions including continuous light; however, the amount of light is strongly correlated with total seed oil accumulation. In addition, many attempts to engineer novel seed oil fatty acid compositions in Arabidopsis have reported significant reductions in oil accumulation; however, the relative reduction from the nontransgenic controls varies greatly within …

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American Gut: An Open Platform For Citizen Science Microbiome Research, Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza, Alison Vrbanac, Paul Wischmeyer, Elaine Wolfe, Qiyun Zhu, Rob Knight, Daniel Mcdonald, Embriette Hyde, Justine W. Debelius, James T. Morton, Antonio Gonzalez, Gail Ackermann, Alexander A. Aksenov, Bahar Behsaz, Caitriona Brennan, Yingfeng Chen, Lindsay De Right Goldasich, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Robert R. Dunn, Ashkaan K. Fahimipour, James Gaffney, Jack A. Gilbert, Grant Gogul, Jessica L. Green, Philip Hugenholtz, Greg Humphrey, Curtis Huttenhower, Matthew A. Jackson, Stefan Janssen, Dilip V. Jeste, Lingjing Jiang, Scott T. Kelley, Dan Knights Jun 2018

American Gut: An Open Platform For Citizen Science Microbiome Research, Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza, Alison Vrbanac, Paul Wischmeyer, Elaine Wolfe, Qiyun Zhu, Rob Knight, Daniel Mcdonald, Embriette Hyde, Justine W. Debelius, James T. Morton, Antonio Gonzalez, Gail Ackermann, Alexander A. Aksenov, Bahar Behsaz, Caitriona Brennan, Yingfeng Chen, Lindsay De Right Goldasich, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Robert R. Dunn, Ashkaan K. Fahimipour, James Gaffney, Jack A. Gilbert, Grant Gogul, Jessica L. Green, Philip Hugenholtz, Greg Humphrey, Curtis Huttenhower, Matthew A. Jackson, Stefan Janssen, Dilip V. Jeste, Lingjing Jiang, Scott T. Kelley, Dan Knights

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2018 McDonald et al. Although much work has linked the human microbiome to specific phenotypes and lifestyle variables, data from different projects have been challenging to integrate and the extent of microbial and molecular diversity in human stool remains unknown. Using standardized protocols from the Earth Microbiome Project and sample contributions from over 10,000 citizen-scientists, together with an open research network, we compare human microbiome specimens primarily from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia to one another and to environmental samples. Our results show an unexpected range of beta-diversity in human stool microbiomes compared to environmental samples; …

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Identifying Prevalent Mathematical Pathways To Engineering In South Carolina, Eliza Gallagher, Christy Brown, D. Andrew Brown, Kristin Kelly Frady, Patrick Bass, Michael A. Matthews, Thomas T. Peters, Robert J. Rabb, Ikhalfani Solan, Ronald W. Welch, Anand K. Gramopadhye Jun 2018

Identifying Prevalent Mathematical Pathways To Engineering In South Carolina, Eliza Gallagher, Christy Brown, D. Andrew Brown, Kristin Kelly Frady, Patrick Bass, Michael A. Matthews, Thomas T. Peters, Robert J. Rabb, Ikhalfani Solan, Ronald W. Welch, Anand K. Gramopadhye

Faculty Publications

National data indicate that initial mathematics course placement in college is a strong predictor of persistence to degree in engineering, with students placed in calculus persisting at nearly twice the rate of those placed below calculus. Within the state of South Carolina, approximately 95% of engineering-intending students who initially place below calculus are from in-state. In order to make systemic change, we are first analyzing system-wide data to identify prevalent educational pathways within the state, and the mathematical milestones along those pathways taken by students in engineering and engineering-related fields. This paper reports preliminary analysis of that data to understand …

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Host And Symbionts In Pocillopora Damicornis Larvae Display Different Transcriptomic Responses To Ocean Acidification And Warming, Emily B. Rivest, Morgan W. Kelly, Melissa B. Debiasse, Gretchen E. Hofmann May 2018

Host And Symbionts In Pocillopora Damicornis Larvae Display Different Transcriptomic Responses To Ocean Acidification And Warming, Emily B. Rivest, Morgan W. Kelly, Melissa B. Debiasse, Gretchen E. Hofmann

Faculty Publications

© Copyright © 2018 Rivest, Kelly, DeBiasse and Hofmann. As global ocean change progresses, reef-building corals and their early life history stages will rely on physiological plasticity to tolerate new environmental conditions. Larvae from brooding coral species contain algal symbionts upon release, which assist with the energy requirements of dispersal and metamorphosis. Global ocean change threatens the success of larval dispersal and settlement by challenging the performance of the larvae and of the symbiosis. In this study, larvae of the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis were exposed to elevated pCO2 and temperature to examine the performance of the coral and its …

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Isotopic Composition Of Sinking Particles: Oil Effects, Recovery And Baselines In The Gulf Of Mexico, 2010-2015, Jeff Chanton, Sarah L.C. Giering, Samantha H. Bosman, Kelsey L. Rogers, Julia Sweet, Vernon Asper, Arne-R. Diercks, Uta Passow May 2018

Isotopic Composition Of Sinking Particles: Oil Effects, Recovery And Baselines In The Gulf Of Mexico, 2010-2015, Jeff Chanton, Sarah L.C. Giering, Samantha H. Bosman, Kelsey L. Rogers, Julia Sweet, Vernon Asper, Arne-R. Diercks, Uta Passow

Faculty Publications

The extensive release of oil during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill in the northern Gulf of Mexico perturbed the pelagic ecosystem and associated sinking material. To gauge the recovery and post-spill baseline sources, we measured D14C, d13C and d34S of sinking particles near the spill site and at a reference site and natural seep site. Particulates were collected August 2010–April 2016 in sediment traps moored at sites with depths of 1160–1660 m. Near the spill site, changes in D14C indicated a 3-year recovery period, while d34S indicated 1–2 years, which agreed with estimates of 1–2 years based on hydrocarbon composition. …

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Hypoxia-Targeted Gold Nanorods For Cancer Photothermal Therapy, Yuan Chen, Xiaomei Bian, Maureen Aliru, Amit A. Deorukhkar, Oscar Ekpenyong, Su Liang, Jyothy John, Jing Ma, Xiuqing Gao, Jon Schwartz, Pankaj Singh, Yuanqing Ye, Sunil Krishnan, Huan Xie May 2018

Hypoxia-Targeted Gold Nanorods For Cancer Photothermal Therapy, Yuan Chen, Xiaomei Bian, Maureen Aliru, Amit A. Deorukhkar, Oscar Ekpenyong, Su Liang, Jyothy John, Jing Ma, Xiuqing Gao, Jon Schwartz, Pankaj Singh, Yuanqing Ye, Sunil Krishnan, Huan Xie

Faculty Publications

Tumor hypoxia is a well-recognized driver of resistance to traditional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. We describe development of a new nanoconstruct composed of gold nanorods (GNRs) conjugated to carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) antibody that specifically binds to CAIX, a biomarker of hypoxia, to facilitate targeting tumor hypoxic areas for focused photothermal ablation. Physicochemical characterization studies confirmed the size, shape, monodispersity, surface charge, and serum stability of the GNRs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and cellular binding and uptake studies confirmed successful conjugation of antibody to the GNRs and specificity for CAIX. Near-infrared irradiation of CAIX-overexpressing cells treated with …

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Effects Of Irradiation Dose On Sperm Production, Insemination, And Male Mating Possible Period In The Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Brentidae), Satoshi Hiroyoshi, Takayuki Mistunaga, Tsuguo Kohama, Gadi V.P. Reddy May 2018

Effects Of Irradiation Dose On Sperm Production, Insemination, And Male Mating Possible Period In The Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Brentidae), Satoshi Hiroyoshi, Takayuki Mistunaga, Tsuguo Kohama, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been used for the control or eradication of target insect pests. To successfully apply SIT, it is very important to clarify the effect of irradiation on male reproduction in the target pest, because their mating and spermiogenesis abilities affect the success of eradication program. The sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) is a notorious and worldwide pest of sweet potato. We investigated the effect of irradiation at five doses ranging from 0 (control) to 150 Gy on 9-d-old males. Survival rate of the control (no treatment) remained high from day 10 to 20 …

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The Polyphyly Of Plasmodium: Comprehensive Phylogenetic Analyses Of The Malaria Parasites (Order Haemosporida) Reveal Widespread Taxonomic Conflict, Spencer C. Galen, Janus Borner, Ellen S. Martinsen, Juliane Schaer, Christopher C. Austin, Christopher J. West, Susan L. Perkins May 2018

The Polyphyly Of Plasmodium: Comprehensive Phylogenetic Analyses Of The Malaria Parasites (Order Haemosporida) Reveal Widespread Taxonomic Conflict, Spencer C. Galen, Janus Borner, Ellen S. Martinsen, Juliane Schaer, Christopher C. Austin, Christopher J. West, Susan L. Perkins

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Authors. The evolutionary relationships among the apicomplexan blood pathogens known as the malaria parasites (order Haemosporida), some of which infect nearly 200 million humans each year, has remained a vexing phylogenetic problem due to limitations in taxon sampling, character sampling and the extreme nucleotide base composition biases that are characteristic of this clade. Previous phylogenetic work on the malaria parasites has often lacked sufficient representation of the broad taxonomic diversity within the Haemosporida or the multi-locus sequence data needed to resolve deep evolutionary relationships, rendering our understanding of haemosporidian lifehistory evolution and the origin of the human …

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Sugarcane Cell Wall-Associated Defense Responses To Infection By Sporisorium Scitamineum, João P.R. Marques, Jeffrey W. Hoy, Beatriz Appezzato-Da-Glória, Andrés F.G. Viveros, Maria L.C. Vieira, Niranjan Baisakh May 2018

Sugarcane Cell Wall-Associated Defense Responses To Infection By Sporisorium Scitamineum, João P.R. Marques, Jeffrey W. Hoy, Beatriz Appezzato-Da-Glória, Andrés F.G. Viveros, Maria L.C. Vieira, Niranjan Baisakh

Faculty Publications

The plant cell wall is known to be the first barrier against plant pathogens. Detailed information about sugarcane cell wall-associated defense responses to infection by the causal agent of smut, Sporisorium scitamineum, is scarce. Herein, (immuno)histochemical analysis of two smut resistant and two susceptible sugarcane cultivars was conducted to understand host cell wall structural and compositional modifications in response to fungal infection. Results showed that the fungus grew on the surface and infected the outermost bud scale of both susceptible and resistant cultivars. The present findings also supported the existence of early (24 h after inoculation) and later (72-96 h …

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Parental And Relational Aggression, David A. Nelson, Craig H. Hart May 2018

Parental And Relational Aggression, David A. Nelson, Craig H. Hart

Faculty Publications

Where do children get their basic tendencies to act aggressively? One possibility is that it varies by the type of parenting received, particularly for young children, who tend to spend more time with their parents than do older children and adolescents. This chapter considers the expanse of research focusing on parenting as it corresponds with relationally aggressive tendencies in children, adolescents, or emerging adults (including similar constructs labeled as indirect or social aggression). Relational aggression subsumes indirect, covert, hostile behaviors where target children are not directly confronted (e.g., gossiping, talking behind one's back; see Chapter 2). It can also be …

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Stability Of A Series Of Bodipys In Acidic Conditions: An Experimental And Computational Study Into The Role Of The Substituents At Boron, Maodie Wang, M. Graça H. Vicente, Deanna Mason, Petia Bobadova-Parvanova May 2018

Stability Of A Series Of Bodipys In Acidic Conditions: An Experimental And Computational Study Into The Role Of The Substituents At Boron, Maodie Wang, M. Graça H. Vicente, Deanna Mason, Petia Bobadova-Parvanova

Faculty Publications

© Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society. Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes have been extensively investigated in recent years for a variety of bioanalytical and bioimaging applications. The success of these applications relies on the stability of BODIPYs, particularly under acidic conditions. In this work, the stability of a series of 4,4′-disubstituted BODIPYs (-F, -CN, -Ph, -Me, -OMe) toward addition of excess trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was studied systematically and comprehensively through 11B and 1H NMR, UV-vis, fluorescence, thin layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, and infrared. The results indicate that 4,4′-dicyano-BODIPY 2 is the most stable among this series and remains unchanged even 3 days …

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Multiple Origins Of Green Blood In New Guinea Lizards, Zachary B. Rodriguez, Susan L. Perkins, Christopher C. Austin May 2018

Multiple Origins Of Green Blood In New Guinea Lizards, Zachary B. Rodriguez, Susan L. Perkins, Christopher C. Austin

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Authors. Several species of lizards from the megadiverse island of New Guinea have evolved green blood. An unusually high concentration of the green bile pigment biliverdin in the circulatory system of these lizards makes the blood, muscles, bones, tongue, and mucosal tissues bright green in color, eclipsing the crimson color from their red blood cells. This is a remarkable physiological feature because bile pigments are toxic physiological waste products of red blood cell catabolism and, when chronically elevated, cause jaundice in humans and all other vertebrates. Although these lizards offer a promising system to examine the evolution …

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Preoptic Leptin Signaling Modulates Energy Balance Independent Of Body Temperature Regulation, Sangho Yu, Helia Cheng, Marie François, Emily Qualls-Creekmore, Clara Huesing, Yanlin He, Yanyan Jiang, Hong Gao, Yong Xu, Andrea Zsombok, Andrei V. Derbenev, Eduardo A. Nillni, David H. Burk, Christopher D. Morrison, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, Heike Münzberg May 2018

Preoptic Leptin Signaling Modulates Energy Balance Independent Of Body Temperature Regulation, Sangho Yu, Helia Cheng, Marie François, Emily Qualls-Creekmore, Clara Huesing, Yanlin He, Yanyan Jiang, Hong Gao, Yong Xu, Andrea Zsombok, Andrei V. Derbenev, Eduardo A. Nillni, David H. Burk, Christopher D. Morrison, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, Heike Münzberg

Faculty Publications

© Yu et al. The adipokine leptin acts on the brain to regulate energy balance but specific functions in many brain areas remain poorly understood. Among these, the preoptic area (POA) is well known to regulate core body temperature by controlling brown fat thermogenesis, and we have previously shown that glutamatergic, long-form leptin receptor (Lepr)-expressing neurons in the POA are stimulated by warm ambient temperature and suppress energy expenditure and food intake. Here we further investigate the role of POA leptin signaling in body weight regulation and its relationship to body temperature regulation in mice. We show that POA Lepr …

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