Digital Commons Network^™

Root Exudates Alter The Expression Of Diverse Metabolic, Transport, Regulatory, And Stress Response Genes In Rhizosphere Pseudomonas, Olga V. Mavrodi, Janiece R. Mcwilliams, Jacob O. Peter, Anna Berim, Karl A. Hassan, Liam D.H. Elbourne, Melissa K. Letourneau, David R. Gang, Ian T. Paulsen, David M. Weller, Linda S. Thomashow, Alex S. Flynt, Dmitri V. Mavrodi

Faculty Publications

Plants live in association with microorganisms that positively influence plant development, vigor, and fitness in response to pathogens and abiotic stressors. The bulk of the plant microbiome is concentrated belowground at the plant root-soil interface. Plant roots secrete carbon-rich rhizodeposits containing primary and secondary low molecular weight metabolites, lysates, and mucilages. These exudates provide nutrients for soil microorganisms and modulate their affinity to host plants, but molecular details of this process are largely unresolved. We addressed this gap by focusing on the molecular dialog between eight well-characterized beneficial strains of the Pseudomonas fluorescens group and Brachypodium distachyon, a model …

Engineering Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers For High-Performance And Fast-Response Organic Electrochemical Transistors, Hanyu Jia, Zhen Huang, Peiyun Li, Song Zhang, Yunfei Wang, Jie Yu Wang, Xiaodan Gu, Ting Lei

Faculty Publications

To date, high-performance organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have mostly been based on polythiophene systems. Donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers are expected to be promising materials for OECTs owing to their high mobility and comparatively low crystallinity (good for ion diffusion). However, the OECT performance of D–A polymers lags far behind that of the polythiophenes. Here we synergistically engineered the backbone and side chain of a series of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based D–A polymers and found that redox potential, molecular weight, solution processability, and film microstructures all have a severe impact on their performance. After systematic engineering, P(bgDPP-MeOT2) exhibited the best figure-of-merit (μC …

The Msaabcr Operon Regulates Persister Formation By Modulating Energy Metabolism In Staphylococcus Aureus, Shanti Pandey, Gyan S. Sahukhal, Mohamed O. Elasri

Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes chronic, systemic infections, and the recalcitrance of these infections is mainly due to the presence of persister cells, which are a bacterial subpopulation that exhibits extreme, yet transient, antibiotic tolerance accompanied by a transient halt in growth. However, upon cessation of antibiotic treatment, a resumption in growth of persister cells causes recurrence of infections and treatment failure. Previously, we reported the involvement of msaABCR in several important staphylococcal phenotypes, including the formation of persister cells. Additionally, observations of the regulation of several metabolic genes by the msaABCR operon in transcriptomics and …

A Genetic Screen Identifies New Steps In Oocyte Maturation That Enhance Proteostasis In The Immortal Germ Lineage, M Samaddar, J Goudeau, M Sanchez, D H. Hall, M Samaddar, M Ingaramo, C Kenyon

Faculty Publications

Somatic cells age and die, but the germ-cell lineage is immortal. In Caenorhabditis elegans, germline immortality involves proteostasis renewal at the beginning of each new generation, when oocyte maturation signals from sperm trigger the clearance of carbonylated proteins and protein aggregates. Here, we explore the cell biology of this proteostasis renewal in the context of a whole-genome RNAi screen. Oocyte maturation signals are known to trigger protein-aggregate removal via lysosome acidification. Our findings suggest that lysosomes are acidified as a consequence of changes in endoplasmic reticulum activity that permit assembly of the lysosomal V-ATPase, which in turn allows lysosomes to …

Capture And Metabolomic Analysis Of The Human Endometrial Epithelial Organoid Secretome, Constantine A. Simintiras, Pramod Dhakal, Chaman Ranjit, Harriet C. Fitzgerald, Ahmed Z. Balboula, Thomas E. Spencer

Faculty Publications

Suboptimal uterine fluid (UF) composition can lead to pregnancy loss and likely contributes to offspring susceptibility to chronic adult-onset disorders. However, our understanding of the biochemical composition and mechanisms underpinning UF formation and regulation remain elusive, particularly in humans. To address this challenge, we developed a high-throughput method for intraorganoid fluid (IOF) isolation from human endometrial epithelial organoids. The IOF is biochemically distinct to the extraorganoid fluid (EOF) and cell culture medium as evidenced by the exclusive presence of 17 metabolites in IOF. Similarly, 69 metabolites were unique to EOF, showing asymmetrical apical and basolateral secretion by the in vitro …

Implications Of The Quantum Dna Model For Information Sciences, F. Matthew Mihelic

Faculty Publications

The DNA molecule can be modeled as a quantum logic processor, and this model has been supported by pilot research that experimentally demonstrated non-local communication between cells in separated cell cultures. This modeling and pilot research have important implications for information sciences, providing a potential architecture for quantum computing that operates at room temperature and is scalable to millions of qubits, and including the potential for an entanglement communication system based upon the quantum DNA architecture. Such a system could be used to provide non-local quantum key distribution that could not be blocked by any shielding or water depth, would …

Magnetic Vector Potential Manipulation Of Majorana Fermions In Dna Quantum Logic, F. Matthew Mihelic

Faculty Publications

In the quantum logic of the DNA molecule, electrons are held and conducted coherently as spinless Cooper pairs and are shielded from electromagnetic energy by a Faraday cage effect of the double lipid bilayer of the nuclear membrane. The magnetic vector potential generated by cellular depolarization can synchronize logical activity in portions of the DNA molecule by affecting spin directions of appropriately oriented spinless electrons via the Aharonov-Bohm effect, but is not blocked by that Faraday cage effect. Within the logically and thermodynamically reversible chiral enantiomeric symmetry of the deoxyribose moieties the decoherent transition of Cooper pair to Dirac pair …

The Whole Is Greater Than Its Parts: Ensembling Improves Protein Contact Prediction, Wendy M. Billings, Connor J. Morris, Dennis Della Corte

Faculty Publications

The prediction of amino acid contacts from protein sequence is an important problem, as protein contacts are a vital step towards the prediction of folded protein structures. We propose that a powerful concept from deep learning, called ensembling, can increase the accuracy of protein contact predictions by combining the outputs of different neural network models. We show that ensembling the predictions made by different groups at the recent Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP13) outperforms all individual groups. Further, we show that contacts derived from the distance predictions of three additional deep neural networks—AlphaFold, trRosetta, and ProSPr—can be substantially …

Gastrointestinal Microenvironment And The Gut-Lung Axis In The Immune Responses Of Severe Covid-19, Yun Yang, Weishan Huang, Yubo Fan, Guo-Qiang Chen

Faculty Publications

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an unprecedented threat to the human health. A close association of the digestive tract is implied by the high frequency of gastrointestinal syndromes among COVID-19 patients. A better understanding of the role of intestinal microenvironment in COVID-19 immunopathology will be helpful to improve the control of COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes the immune responses associated with the severity of COVID-19, the current evidence of SARS-CoV-2 intestinal tropism, and the potential involvement of gut microenvironment in COVID-19 severity. Additionally, we …

The Supercam Instrument Suite On The Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives And Mast-Unit Description, S. Maurice, R. C. Wiens, P. Bernardi, P. Caïs, S. Robinson, T. Nelson, O. Gasnault, J. -M. Reess, M. Deleuze, F. Rull, J. -A. Manrique, S. Abbaki, R. B. Anderson, Y. André, Stanley M. Angel, G. Arana, T. Battault, P. Beck, K. Benzerara, S. Bernard, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

On the NASA 2020 rover mission to Jezero crater, the remote determination of the texture, mineralogy and chemistry of rocks is essential to quickly and thoroughly characterize an area and to optimize the selection of samples for return to Earth. As part of the Perseverance payload, SuperCam is a suite of five techniques that provide critical and complementary observations via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISIR), high-resolution color imaging (RMI), and acoustic recording (MIC). SuperCam operates at remote distances, primarily 2–7 m, while providing data at sub-mm to mm scales. We report …

Covid-19: Insights Into Virus-Receptor Interactions, Azadeh Sepahvandi, Maryann Ghaffari, Amir Hossein Bahmanpour, Fathollah Moztarzadeh, Payam Zarrintaj, Hasan Uludağ, Masoud Mozafari

Faculty Publications

The recent outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) calls for rapid mobilization of scientists to probe and explore solutions to this deadly disease. A limited understanding of the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) relative to other coronavirus strains guides a deeper investigation into the virus/receptor interactions. The cutting-edge studies in thermodynamic and kinetic properties of interactions such as protein-protein interplays have been reviewed in many modeling and analysis studies. Highlighting the thermodynamic assessments of biological interactions and emphasizing the boosted transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 despite its high similarity in structure and sequence with other coronavirus strains …

Early Rearing Conditions Affect Monoamine Metabolite Levels During Baseline And Periods Of Social Separation Stress: A Non-Human Primate Model (Macaca Mulatta), Elizabeth K. Wood, Natalia Gabrielle, Jacob Hunter, Andrea N. Skowbo, Melanie L. Schwandt, Stephen G. Lindell, Christina S. Barr, Stephen J. Suomi, James Dee Higley

Faculty Publications

A variety of studies show that parental absence early in life leads to deleterious effects on the developing CNS. This is thought to be largely because evolutionary-dependent stimuli are necessary for the appropriate postnatal development of the young brain, an effect sometimes termed the “experience-expectant brain,” with parents providing the necessary input for normative synaptic connections to develop and appropriate neuronal survival to occur. Principal among CNS systems affected by parental input are the monoamine systems. In the present study, N = 434 rhesus monkeys (233 males, 201 females) were reared in one of two conditions: as mother-reared controls (MR; …

Is A Common Goal A False Hope In Convergence Research?: Opportunities And Challenges Of International Convergence Research To Address Arctic Change, Jessica G. Ernakovich, N. Eklund, Ruth K. Varner, N. Kirchner, J. Jeuring, Katharine Duderstadt, A. Granebeck, E. Golubeva, Asiaq Participants

Faculty Publications

The Arctic faces multiple pressures including climate change, shifting demographics, human health risks, social justice imbalances, governance issues, and expanding resource extraction. A convergence of academic disciplines—such as natural and social sciences, engineering and technology, health and medicine—and international perspectives is required to meaningfully contribute to solving the challenges of Arctic peoples and ecosystems. However, successfully carrying out convergent, international research and education remains a challenge. Here, lessons from the planning phase of a convergence research project concerned with the health of Arctic waters developed by the Arctic Science IntegrAtion Quest (ASIAQ) are discussed. We discuss our perspective on the …

Broken-Hearted” Carbon Bowl Via Electron Shuttle Reaction: Energetics And Electron Coupling, Gabrielle A. Leith, Allison M. Rice, Brandon J. Yarbrough, Preecha Kittikhunnatham, Abijai Mathur, Nicholas A. Morris, Megan J. Francis, Anna A. Berseneva, Poonam Dhull, Richard D. Adams, M. Victoria Bobo, Aaron A. Vannucci, Mark D. Smith, Sophya Garashchuk, Natalia B. Shustova

Faculty Publications

Unprecedented one-step CC bond cleavage leading to opening of the buckybowl (π-bowl), that could provide access to carbon-rich structures with previously inaccessible topologies, is reported; highlighting the possibility to implement drastically different synthetic routes to π-bowls in contrast to conventional ones applied for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Through theoretical modeling, we evaluated the mechanistic pathways feasible for π-bowl planarization and factors that could affect such a transformation including strain and released energies. Through employment of Marcus theory, optical spectroscopy, and crystallographic analysis, we estimated the possibility of charge transfer and electron coupling between “open” corannulene and a strong electron acceptor such …

Change In Dietary Inflammatory Index Score Is Associated With Control Of Long-Term Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity In A Japanese Cohort: The Tomorrow Study, Yoshinari Matsumoto, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., Yuko Sugioka, Masahiro Tada, Tadashi Okano, Kenji Mamoto, Kentaro Inui, Daiki Habu, James R. Hébert Scd, Tatsuya Koike

Faculty Publications

Background: The dietary inflammatory index (DII®), a quantitative measure of the inflammatory potential of daily food and nutrient intake, and associations between a variety of health outcomes have been reported. However, the association between DII score and disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to test whether higher DII score contributes to disease activity and as a corollary, y, whether reducing DII score helps to achieve or maintain low disease activity or remission in patients with RA.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis using 6 years of data (from 2011 to 2017) …

Dietary Intake Is Associated With Neuropsychological Impairment In Women With Hiv, Leah H. Rubin, Deborah R. Gustafson, Lakshmi Warrior, Lila Sheira, Kathryn C. Fitzgerald, Raha Dastgheyb, Kathleen M. Weber, Phyllis C. Tien, Audrey French, Amanda B. Spence, Anjali Sharma, Dionna W. Williams, Cory J. White, Eric C. Seaberg, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Sheri D. Weiser

Faculty Publications

Background

Diet is a modifiable risk factor that may influence cognition in people with HIV.

Objectives

We examined the association between dietary intake and cognition in women with HIV (WWH) and HIV-seronegative women.

Methods

An 18-item dietary National Cancer Institute screener was completed by 729 WWH and 346 HIV-seronegative Women's Interagency HIV Study participants. Daily intake frequencies of processed meats, sweet beverages, fish, whole milk, and vegetables were calculated. Participants completed biennial neuropsychological (NP) testing. NP domains included attention/working memory, executive function, processing speed, memory, learning, fluency, and motor function. NP impairment was defined as demographically adjusted T-scores (mean = …

Synthesis Of The Microbial Polysaccharide Gellan From Dairy And Plant-Based Processing Coproducts, Thomas P. West

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this review is to provide both background about the microbial polysaccharide gellan and, more specifically, to examine bacterial gellan synthesis on dairy and plant-based processing coproducts. The anionic heteropolysaccharide gellan is known to be synthesized by Sphingomonas elodea strain ATCC 31461 [1,2]. Although originally classified as Pseudomonas elodea, this strain was reclassified as a species of Sphingomonas [3,4]. Structurally, the water-soluble gum gellan exists as a tetrasaccharide composed of 20% glucuronic acid, 60% glucose and 20% rhamnose [5–7]. The native form of gellan has been shown to contain acetyl and L-glyceryl groups. These substituents need to be …

The Remains Of The Fray: Nascent Colonialism And Heterogeneous Hybridity, Charles R. Cobb, James B. Legg, Steven D. Smith, Chester B. Depratter, Brad R. Lieb, Edmond A. Boudreaux Iii

Faculty Publications

Investigations at the Native American site complex of Stark Farms in Mississippi, USA, have yielded numerous examples of metal artifacts of European origin. Our study suggests that they derive from contact between the AD 1540–1541 winter encampment of the Spanish Hernando de Soto expedition and the local Indigenous polity. The artifacts display a wide range of modifications, uses, and depositional contexts congruent with hybrid practices. We argue that the early colonial setting of Stark Farms requires a different perspective on cultural mixing than is often applied in studies of European colonialism. This is highlighted by the strongly improvisational nature of …

Dynamic Energy Budget Modelling To Predict Eastern Oyster Growth, Reproduction, And Mortality Under River Management And Climate Change Scenarios, Romain Lavaud, Megan K. La Peyre, Dubravko Justic, Jerome F. La Peyre

Faculty Publications

Eastern oysters growing in deltaic Louisiana estuaries in the northern Gulf of Mexico must tolerate considerable salinity variation from natural climate variability (e.g., rainfall and stream run-off pushing isohalines offshore; tropical storms pushing isohalines inshore) and man-made diversions and siphons releasing freshwater from the Mississippi River. These salinity variations are predicted to increase with future climate change because of the increased frequency of stronger storms and also in response to proposed large-scale river diversions. Increased Mississippi River flow into coastal estuaries from river diversions, along with potential changes in rainfall and stream run-off from climate change will alter spatial and …

Extensive Decentralized Hydrogen Export From The Atlantis Massif, Susan Q. Lang, Marvin D. Lilley, Tamara Baumberger, Gretchen L. Früh-Green, Sharon L. Walker, William J. Brazelton, Debroah S. Kelley, Mitchell Elend, David A. Butterfield, Aaron J. Mau

Faculty Publications

Hydrogen is an important energy source for subsurface microbial communities, but its availability beyond the flow focused through hydrothermal chimneys is largely unknown. We report the widespread export of H₂ across the Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex (30°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge; up to 44 nM), which is distinct from the circulation system feeding the Lost City Hydrothermal Field (LCHF) on the massif's southern wall. Methane (CH₄) abundances are generally low to undetectable (<3 nM) in fluids that are not derived from the LCHF. Reducing fluids exit the seafloor over a wide geographical area and depth …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Zein-Based Low Density Porous Absorbent (Zelda) For Oil Spill Recovery, Nathan P. Holley, Jin Gyun Lee, Kalliat T. Valsaraj, Bhuvnesh Bharti

Faculty Publications

Removal of spilled petroleum oil from water bodies using hydrophobic porous absorbent has garnered considerable attention due to the simplicity, large-scale adaptability and robustness of the process. However, the use of nonbiodegradable synthetic oil absorbent during cleanup has raised a secondary concern such as generating plastic pollutants that can accumulate in marine and other ecosystems. To encounter this potential hazard, there is a need to find new biocompatible alternatives to currently used non-degradable porous materials. Here we present ZEin-based Low Density porous Absorbent (ZELDA) synthesized from an emulsion templating method as a new class of naturally derived porous material with …

Timing Of Term Elective Cesarean Section And Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study, Ayah Al Bizri, Nansi Boghossian, Anwar Nassar, Pascale Nakad, Dina Jaber, Rabih Chahine, Gaby Fallakha, Gjaotj Makhoul, Khalid Yunis

Faculty Publications

Background Rate of cesarean section (CS), including elective CS has globally increased. Studies have found that term elective CS before 39 weeks of gestation is associated with increased risk of adverse respiratory outcomes.

Objective To determine the rate of elective CS and examine the association between timing of elective term CS and adverse neonatal outcomes in a large population of Lebanese women.

Methods A Multi-Center Study was conducted using data from the National Collaborative Perinatal Neonatal Network database. Simple and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between timing of term elective CS and adverse neonatal outcomes. …

Maternal Pragmatic Language Difficulties In The Fmr1 Premutation And The Broad Autism Phenotype: Associations With Individual And Family Outcomes, Jessica Klusek, Angela John Thurman, Leonard Abbeduto

Faculty Publications

Broader phenotypes associated with genetic liability, including mild difficulties with pragmatic language skills, have been documented in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and mothers of children with fragile X syndrome (FXS). This study investigated the relationship between pragmatic difficulties and indicators of maternal well-being and family functioning. Pragmatic difficulty was associated with loneliness in mothers of children with ASD or FXS, and with depression, decreased life satisfaction, and poorer family relationship quality but only in mothers of children with FXS. Results suggest that subtle maternal pragmatic language difficulties are a risk factor that that may contribute to …

Pharmacokinetic Model Analysis Of Supralingual, Oral And Intravenous Deliveries Of Mycophenolic Acid, Xiuqing Gao, Lei Wu, Robert Y.L. Tsai, Jing Ma, Xiaohua Liu, Diana S.L. Chow, Dong Liang, Huan Xie

Faculty Publications

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is commonly used for organ rejection prophylaxis via oral administration in the clinic. Recent studies have shown that MPA also has anticancer activities. To explore new therapeutic options for oral precancerous/cancerous lesions, MPA was designed to release topically on the dorsal tongue surface via a mucoadhesive patch. The objective of this study was to establish the pharmacokinetic (PK) and tongue tissue distribution of mucoadhesive MPA patch formulation after supralingual administration in rats and also compare the PK differences between oral, intravenous, and supralingual administration of MPA. Blood samples were collected from Sprague Dawley rats before and after …

Engineering Pest Tolerance Through Plant-Mediated Rna Interference, Seung Ho Chung, Honglin Feng, Georg Jander

Faculty Publications

Expression of insect-targeted RNA interference (RNAi) constructs in transgenic plants is a promising approach for agricultural pest control. Compared to conventional chemical insecticides, RNAi target specificity is high and the potential for negative environmental effects is low. However, although numerous laboratory studies show insect growth inhibition by double stranded RNA or artificial microRNA, few of these constructs have been moved into commercial application as genetically engineered plants. Variation in RNA degradation, uptake, processing, and systemic transport in insects can influence interspecific and intraspecific differences in RNAi efficacy and the development of resistance to RNAi in agricultural settings. Further research is …

An Early Global Role For Axin Is Required For Correct Patterning Of The Anterior-Posterior Axis In The Sea Urchin Embryo, Hongyan Sun, Chieh Fu Jeff Peng, Lingyu Wang, Honglin Feng, Athula H. Wikramanayake

Faculty Publications

Activation of Wnt/β-catenin (cWnt) signaling at the future posterior end of early bilaterian embryos is a highly conserved mechanism for establishing the anterior-posterior (AP) axis. Moreover, inhibition of cWnt at the anterior end is required for development of anterior structures in many deuterostome taxa. This phenomenon, which occurs around the time of gastrulation, has been fairly well characterized, but the significance of intracellular inhibition of cWnt signaling in cleavage-stage deuterostome embryos for normal AP patterning is less well understood. To investigate this process in an invertebrate deuterostome, we defined Axin function in early sea urchin embryos. Axin is ubiquitously expressed …

Stakeholder’S Risk Perceptions Ofwild Pigs: Is There A Gender Difference?, Maria Bampasidou, Michael D. Kaller, Shaun M. Tanger

Faculty Publications

Substantial literature indicates that genders differ in terms of risk perception and values regarding wildlife management. Lack of equal stakeholder representation is also documented, which can also impact the effectiveness of human-wildlife conflict resolution interventions and education and outreach efforts. This paper investigates gender differences in perceptions about risks and potential adverse impacts on production, health, environment, safety, and population management posed by wild pigs. A survey was used to collect data from a random sample of adult residents (N = 1221) in Louisiana. We analyzed responses from 226 female and 832 male producers. We observed differences in how these …

A Generalized Approach For Sperm Cryopreservation In The Genus Pomoxis: Sperm Cryopreservation And Fertilization Efficiency Of Black-Stripe Black Crappie, Pomoxis Nigromaculatus, Christian A. Shirley, Michael E. Colvin, Terrence R. Tiersch, Peter J. Allen

Faculty Publications

Approaches for white crappie, Pomoxis annularis sperm cryopreservation have led to interest in applying similar methods to black-stripe black crappie, Pomoxis nigromaculatus. Their rarity in wild populations makes them a preferred phenotype for hatchery use. Sperm cryopreservation procedures were compared between black-stripe black crappie and white crappie for sperm motility and egg fertilization rate. There was no difference in black-stripe black crappie sperm motility after thawing between 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 45% motility) and 10% methanol (50% motility). However, fertilization rates were higher (p <.001) for sperm cryoprotected with 5% DMSO (38 ± 8%) than 10% methanol (22 ± 7%). Hatchery use requires sperm-to-egg ratios and fertilizing potential of single doses (i.e., 0.5 ml straw). Using black-stripe black crappie sperm (2.5 × 108 sperm/ml; 5% DMSO), the highest fertilization (27%) was found using single straws with 785 eggs (0.25 ml); total sperm:egg ratio: 159,000:1; motile sperm:egg ratio: 71,700:1. Therefore, sperm of two Pomoxis species could be cryopreserved using 350 mOsmol/kg Hanks' balanced salt solution as an extender, 5% DMSO as a cryoprotectant, cooling at 40°C/min, and thawing for 8 s at 40°C to maintain sperm motility and fertility. Basic protocols can be generalized within a genus if variables such as sperm concentration, process timing, and sample volumes are controlled.

Evaluation Of Changes In Drug Susceptibility And Population Genetic Structure In Haemonchus Contortus Following Worm Replacement As A Means To Reverse The Impact Of Multiple-Anthelmintic Resistance On A Sheep Farm, Melissa M. George, Adriano F. Vatta, Sue B. Howell, Bob E. Storey, Ciaran J. Mccoy, Adrian J. Wolstenholme, Elizabeth M. Redman, John S. Gilleard, Ray M. Kaplan

Faculty Publications

A population of Haemonchus contortus that was highly resistant to benzimidazoles and avermectin/milbemycins with a subpopulation that was resistant to levamisole, was replaced with a susceptible laboratory isolate of H. contortus in a flock of sheep. The anthelmintic susceptibility and population genetics of the newly established population were evaluated for 3.5 years using in vivo, in vitro, and molecular methods. Successful replacement of the resistant population with a susceptible population was confirmed using phenotypic and genotypic measurements; larval development assay indicated full anthelmintic susceptibility; albendazole treatment yielded 98.7% fecal egg count reduction; pyrosequence genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms in positions …

Evaluation Of Eight Kinds Of Flavor Enhancer Of Umami Taste By An Electronic Tongue, Kai Wang, Haining Zhuang, Fangling Bing, Da Chen, Tao Feng, Zhimin Xu

Faculty Publications

The umami intensity of single flavor enhancer was detected by an electronic tongue and human sensory. The linear fit was performed to unravel the concentration–response values correlations of eight flavor enhancers. The electronic tongue response data were then analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) method. It was found that the umami response value of the electronic tongue and the flavor enhancer concentration showed a semi-logarithmic function. Moreover, the PCA and DFA could successfully distinguish the variety and concentration of flavor enhancer. The umami intensities were also assessed by human sensory and showed consistency with those …