Digital Commons Network^™

Quality Of Dehydrated Whole Egg Packaged In No. 10 Cans, T.A. Gnadt, Lynn V. Ogden, Oscar A. Pike

Faculty Publications

Dehydration reduces egg mass and increases shelf-life without significantly affecting most functional properties. This has created a demand for dehydrated whole egg in military rations, emergency relief programs and personal storage. However, because such products are usually stored before use, the buyer may be unaware of product quality until long after purchase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of several brands of dehydrated whole egg commercially packaged in No. 10 cans. Eight brands of dehydrated whole egg were obtained from food retailers. All but 1 brand were labeled as having a low oxygen environment. A 50 …

Exercise And Physical Activity In The Prevention And Treatment Of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement From The Council On Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee On Exercise, Rehabilitation, And Prevention) And The Council On Nutrition, Physical Activity, And Metabolism (Subcommittee On Physical Activity), Paul D. Thompson, David Buchner, Ileana L. Piña, Gary J. Balady, Mark A. Williams, Bess H. Marcus, Kathy Berra, Steven N. Blair, Fernando Costa, Barry Franklin, Gerald F. Fletcher, Neil F. Gordon, Russell R. Pate, Beatriz L. Rodriguez, Antronette K. Yancey, Nanette K. Wenger

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Evidence That Acetyl Phosphate Functions As A Global Signal During Biofilm Development, Alan J. Wolfe, Dong Eun Chang, Jason D. Walker, Jeanine E. Seitz-Partridge, Michael D. Vidaurri, Charles F. Lange, Birgit M. Prüß, Margaret C. Henk, John C. Larkin, Tyrrell Conway

Faculty Publications

We used DNA macroarray analysis to identify genes that respond to the status of the intracellular acetyl phosphate (acP) pool. Genes whose expression correlated negatively with the ability to synthesize acP (i.e. negatively regulated genes) function primarily in flagella biosynthesis, a result consistent with observations that we published previously (Prüß and Wolfe, 1994, Mol Microbiol 12: 973-984). In contrast, genes whose expression correlated positively with the ability to synthesize acP (i.e. positively regulated genes) include those for type 1 pilus assembly, colanic acid (capsule) biosynthesis and certain stress effectors. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first report that these genes …

Behavioral Approach To Analyzing Corporate Failures, A. Mechele Dickerson

Faculty Publications

Recent corporate failures indicate that existing laws fail to give boards of directors adequate incentives to acknowledge that some financially troubled firms simply cannot be salvaged. Relying primarily on insights from law and behavioral science literature, this Article notes that directors have a natural tendency to underestimate risks and overestimate their ability to save an insolvent or near insolvent firm. This Article urges the imposition of a duty to file a timely bankruptcy petition because such a duty will encourage directors to consider the interests of all the firms' constituents, including workers, creditors, and the local community, when making decisions …

Racial Differences In Susceptibility To Obesity (Multiple Letters), Richard Cooper, Amy Luke, Sue Y.S. Kimm, Nancy A. Schonfeld-Warden, Craig H. Warden

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Bioengineered ‘Golden’ Indica Rice Cultivars With Β-Carotene Metabolism In The Endosperm With Hygromycin And Mannose Selection Systems, Karabi Datta, Niranjan Baisakh, Norman Oliva, Lina Torrizo, Editha Abrigo, Jing Tan, Mayank Rai, Sayda Rehana, Salim Al-Babili, Peter Beyer, Ingo Potrykus, Swapan K. Datta

Faculty Publications

Vitamin-A deficiency (VAD) is a major malnutrition problem in South Asia, where indica rice is the staple food. Indica-type rice varieties feed more than 2 billion people. Hence, we introduced a combination of transgenes using the biolistic system of transformation enabling biosynthesis of provitamin A in the endosperm of several indica rice cultivars adapted to diverse ecosystems of different countries. The rice seed-specific glutelin promoter (Gt-1 P) was used to drive the expression of phytoene synthase (psy), while lycopene β-cyclase (lcy) and phytoene desaturase (crtI), fused to the transit peptide sequence of the pea-Rubisco small subunit, were driven by the …

Blue Crab Larval Dispersion And Retention In The Mississippi Bight: Testing The Hypothesis, Harriet M. Perry, Donald R. Johnson, Kirsten M. Larsen, Christine Trigg, Fred Vukovich

Faculty Publications

An hypothesis relating physical forcing to dispersion and retention of blue crab larvae was tested in the area of the Mississippi Bight. Seasonal circulation patterns derived from a 3-dimensional, primitive equation, sigma-coordinate model of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) indicate favorable conditions for offshore dispersal of larvae and their return to nearshore waters as megalopae occur between April and October. Large basin-scale events, such as Loop Current intrusions into the GOM with spin-off eddy generation and anomalies in average wind stress may interrupt this circulation pattern and change the settlement success rate. Meteorological and hydrological factors thought to influence settlement …

Biochemical Composition Of Embryonic Blue Crabs Callinectes Sapidus Rathbun 1896 (Crustacea : Decapoda) From The Gulf Of Mexico, Janet R. Jacobs, Patricia M. Biesiot, Harriet M. Perry, Christine Trigg

Faculty Publications

Blue crab Callinectes sapidus embryos from the Mississippi Sound were sampled in spring and in late summer to determine patterns of biochemical composition and of yolk utilization during embryogenesis and to ascertain potential seasonal differences in biochemical composition. The diameter of spring embryos was similar to 6% greater than summer embryos but this significant size difference was due to increased water content, not to increased organic content. The general trend in initial biochemical composition was similar in both seasons; protein was the primary component at similar to 50% of initial dry weight followed by lipid (similar to 30%), ash (similar …

Microalgal-Meiofaunal Trophic Relationships In Muddy Intertidal Estuarine Sediments, James L. Pinckney, Kevin R. Carman, S. Elizabeth Lumsden, Sabrina N. Hymel

Faculty Publications

The determination of the primary factors controlling carbon (C) transfer rates in situ are a basic requirement for developing a mechanistic view of the processes that regulate benthic microbial community structure and function. In many estuarine ecosystems, the base of the food web is dominated by microalgal production; however, information on the quantitative relationships and process rates of meiofaunal grazers and benthic microalgal (BMA) producers is limited to a few habitats and short temporal scales. The primary objective of this study was to examine the trophic interactions between meiofaunal grazers and BMA producers to determine if grazing is a primary …

Utilization Of Algal And Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Secretions (Eps) By The Deposit-Feeding Brittlestar Amphipholis Gracillima (Echinodermata), D. L. Hoskins, S. E. Stancyk, Alan W. Decho

Faculty Publications

Like many deposit-feeding organisms, the burrowing brittlestar Amphipholis gracillima feeds on particulate organic matter in surface sediments. Microbial exopolymeric secretions (EPS) are carbohydrate-enriched polymers produced by microalgae and bacteria that bind aggregates and form dense biofilms near the sediment-water interface. EPS are assimilable by some benthic infauna and may be utilized as a significant carbon source. EPS are absorbed by some deposit-feeders, including a holothurian, and may be supplemental sources of nutrition. The burrowing brittlestar A. gracillima is a deposit-feeder that was used in a mass balance approach to model the incorporation of radiolabeled EPS by bottom feeders. Brittlestars were …

Matrix Composition Affects The Spatial Ecology Of A Prairie Planthopper, Kyle J. Haynes, James T. Cronin

Faculty Publications

To date, there is a lack of well-controlled field experiments that disentangle the effects of the intervening matrix from other landscape variables (e.g., patch geography or quality) that might influence animal dispersal among patches. We performed a field experiment to investigate how the movement of a delphacid planthopper (Prokelisia crocea) among discrete patches of prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) is affected by the composition of the matrix (mudflat, native nonhost grasses, and the introduced grass smooth brome [Bromus inermis]). Within each matrix type, marked planthoppers were released onto experimental cordgrass patches that were made identical in size, isolation, and host plant …

Movement And Spatial Population Structure Of A Prairie Planthopper, James T. Cronin

Faculty Publications

The transfer of organisms among patches is a key process influencing the spatial structure and regional dynamics of a population; yet, detailed experimental studies of animal movement among patches are uncommon. I performed a series of mark-recapture studies to quantify the movement of a planthopper, Prokelisia crocea (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), among discrete patches of its host plant, prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata). Results from these dispersal studies were used to predict the natural distributions and to characterize the spatial population structure of P. crocea. Planthopper emigration loss per patch increased linearly with the density of female conspecifics and was nonlinearly related to …

A Genome-Wide Scan For Body Mass Index Among Nigerian Families, Adebowale Adeyemo, Amy Luke, Richard Cooper, Xiaodong Wu, Bamidele Tayo, Xiaofeng Zhu, Charles Rotimi, Nourdine Bouzekri, Ryk Ward

Faculty Publications

Objective: Interest in mapping genetic variants that are associated with obesity remains high because of the increasing prevalence of obesity and its complications worldwide. Data on genetic determinants of obesity in African populations are rare. Research Methods and Procedures: We have undertaken a genome-wide scan for body mass index (BMI) in 182 Nigerian families that included 769 individuals. Results: The prevalence of obesity was only 5%, yet polygenic heritability for BMI was in the expected range (0.46 ± 0.07). Tandem repeat markers (402) were typed across the genome with an average map density of 9 cM. Pedigree-based analysis using a …

Influence Of Agronomic Hosts On The Susceptibility Of Helicoverpa Zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) To Genetically Engineered And Non-Engineered Cottons, J. Gore, B. R. Leonard, R. H. Jones

Faculty Publications

Field and laboratory studies evaluated the influence of selected crop hosts on Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) population dynamics in relation to genetically engineered Bt (Bollgard) and non-Bt cottons. Host specific H. zea colonies were initiated with a colony originally collected from sweet corn. The colony was allowed to complete one generation on meridic diet then split into cohorts and allowed to complete one generation on field corn, grain sorghum, soybean, cotton, or meridic diet in individual 29.5 ml plastic cups. During the first part of the study, larval developmental times, pupal weights, and survival were measured. H. zea survival was higher …

Deterrents To Participation In Parenting Education, Debora C. Johnson, Betty C. Harrison, Michael F. Burnett, Peter Emerson

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine the deterrents to participation by adults in parenting education programs. The objectives were (a) to describe parents with children in selected day care facilities on selected sociodemographic characteristics, (b) to determine factors that deterred those parents from participating in parenting education, and (c) to determine if there was a relationship between selected sociodemographic characteristics and the parents' participation in parenting education programs. A simple random sample of parents was drawn from the accessible population. Factor analysis revealed five factors that deterred this population from participating in parenting education: Lack of Confidence, Lack …

Diet And Preparation For Spring Migration In Captive Hermit Thrushes (Catharus Guttatus), Jennifer A. Long, Philip C. Stouffer

Faculty Publications

Seasonal changes in food choice by migratory birds often reflect changes in relative food abundance and increased energetic demand. Hermit Thrushes (Catharus guttatus) in southeastern Louisiana are highly frugivorous during winter but forage exclusively on arthropods just prior to spring migration. We hypothesized that this switch to an exclusively arthropod diet would lead to an increase in fat reserves compared to a frugivorous diet, and that fat birds would initiate migration sooner and display more migratory activity than lean birds. We tested these hypotheses on captive Hermit Thrushes maintained on either an arthropod only diet or a mixed fruit and …

Adult Female Rats Defend "Appropriate" Energy Intake After Adaptation To Dietary Energy, Heli J. Roy, Michael J. Keenan, Erika Zablah-Pimentel, Maren Hegsted, Lisa Bulot, Carol E. O'Neil, L. Dwain Bunting, J. Marcos Fernandez

Faculty Publications

Objective: To determine if adult female rats adapt to lower and higher dietary energy density. Research Methods and Procedures: Study 1 compared high-fat (56%), high-energy density (HD) (21.6 kJ/g) and high-fat (56%), low-energy density (LD) (16.0 kJ/g) diets before surgery (two groups, 2 weeks, n = 16) and after surgery [ovariectomy (O) Sham (S); 2 X 2 factorial, n = 8; 6 weeks]. The second study (no surgery) compared high-fat (60.0%), high-energy (22.0 kJ/g) and low-fat (10.0%), low-energy (15.1 kJ/g) diets (n = 8). Results: In study 1, food intake was similar for the first 2 weeks, but rats on …

Book Review Of Silence On The Mountain (Daniel Wilkinson), Michael T. Searcy

Faculty Publications

Recién terminada una guerra civil de 36 años, Guatemala abriga los secretos de la coerción y del genocidio que el mundo tiene que saber. Con la firma del acuerdo de paz entre las fuerzas revolucionarias y los militares en diciembre de 1996, el gobierno acordó formar una comisión de la verdad, conocida como la Comisión para la Clarificación Histórica. Con la esperanza de traer la justicia y acabar con el terror que la gente había experimentado, la comisión recogió los testimonios de millares de personas que habían sido aterrorizados por los militares y la guerrilla. Las historias acababan con un …

Mothers Who Kill: Cross-Cultural Patterns In And Perspectives On Contemporary Maternal Filicide, Michelle Oberman

Faculty Publications

This article presents a brief cross-cultural review of maternal filicide, focusing specifically on the varying circumstances that surround the mothers who commit this crime. My goal is not to provide a comprehensive map of contemporary maternal filicide, but rather, to illustrate the manner in which a society’s structure of motherhood and women’s status contributes to maternal filicide. Special attention will be paid to the unwritten norms that govern women and motherhood, as well as to the manner in which distinct societies understand, rationalize, and punish maternal filicide. The article begins with a review of the patterned nature of maternal filicide …

Escape From New York: Analyzing The State's Relative Interests In Proscribing The Withdrawal Of Life Support And Physician-Assisted Suicide, Colin Miller

Faculty Publications

This Note argues that states cannot consistently prohibit physician assisted suicide for terminally ill patients while they continue to allow the withdrawal of life support for even non-terminal patients. All of the state interests identified by the Supreme Court in rejecting a right to assisted suicide are implicated to a higher degree by withdrawal of life support. The primary reason for this difference is that withdrawal of life support often involves incompetent patients and surrogate decision making while assisted suicide by definition requires a competent patient choosing to hasten her death.

Monitoring Environmental Stress In Forest Trees Using Biochemical And Physiological Markers, Rakesh Minocha, Subhash C. Minocha, Stephanie Long

Faculty Publications

Our objective was to determine the usefulness of polyamines, particularly putrescine, and amino acids such as arginine, as foliar indicators of abiotic stress in visually asymptomatic trees. An evaluation of apparently healthy trees is essential in developing risk assessment and stress remediation strategies for forest trees prior to the onset of obvious decline. Previous research by our group established a positive correlation between putrescine in red spruce foliage and A1:Ca ratios in the forest soil. A positive correlation was also observed between foliar putrescine and nitrogen deposition in the soil in pine, maple, and oak at Harvard Forest, MA. Preliminary …

Genetic Health And Eugenics Precedents: A Voice Of Caution, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Iran, Mary E. Hegland

Faculty Publications

Iran lies between Iraq and, further north, Turkey to the west and Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and the Caspian Sea border Iran to the north, and thee Persian Gulf to the south. Iran covers 636,293 square miles.

In the early decades of the twentieth century, many people lived by herding animals. Some of the Kurds and the Shahsevan in the northwest, Qashqai, Bakhtiary, Lurs, and Kamseh in the southwest, Baluch in the southeast, and Turkmen in the northeast lived in nomadic camps, traveling with their animals in search of water and pastures. Beginning in the …

Incremental Bar Admission: Lessons From The Medical Profession, Jayne W. Barnard, Mark Greenspan

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Are California's Milk Pricing Regulations Exempt From Scrutiny Under Both The Commerce And Privilege And Immunities Clauses?, Ralph C. Anzivino

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Association Of Swim Distance And Age With Body Composition In Adult Female Swimmers, Georgianna Tuuri, Mark Loftin, Jeffrey Oescher

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between average weekly swimming distance and age with body composition in adult female endurance swimmers. Methods: Thirty-five women, aged 21-73 yr. volunteered to participate. Weekly swimming distance was determined from a self-reported exercise log. Body composition was estimated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), waist circumference, abdominal sagittal diameter, and skinfold thickness measures. Associations between swimming distance and age with body composition were examined using regression analysis. Results: Swimming distance had shared variances as follows: 23% with percent body fat, 26% with waist circumference, 20% with abdominal sagittal diameter, and …

Nonadditive Genetic Effects In Animal Behavior, Lisa M. Meffert, Sara K. Hicks, Jennifer L. Regan

Faculty Publications

Heritabilities, commonly used to predict evolutionary potential, are notoriously low for behaviors. Apart from strong contributions of environmental variance in reducing heritabilities, the additive genetic components can be very low, especially when they are camouflaged by nonadditive genetic effects. We first report the heritabilities of courtship traits in founder‐flush and control populations of the housefly (Musca domestica L.). We estimated the heritability of each male and female display through the regression of the courtships involving daughters and sons (with randomly selected mates) onto the “midparental” courtship values of their parents. Overall, the average heritability was significantly higher for the …

Urinary Excretion Of Dithiocarbamates And Selfreported Cruciferous Vegetable Intake: Application Of The ‘Method Of Triads’ To A Foodspecific Biomarker, Jay H. Fowke, James R. Hébert, Jed W. Fahey

Faculty Publications

Objective: Greater intake of Cruciferous vegetables (e.g. broccoli) may prevent cancer at several sites. Urinary excretion of isothiocyanate conjugates (dithiocarbamates, DTC) provides a specific biomarker of Cruciferous vegetable consumption suitable for epidemiological investigations. However, no gold-standard referent is available for evaluating urinary DTC levels as an estimator of Cruciferous vegetable consumption. We compared urinary DTC levels to intake as measured by two selfreported dietary assessment techniques. Design: Cruciferous vegetable consumption was measured before and after a behavioural dietary intervention using multiple 24-hour recalls (24HR), a foodcounting questionnaire (VFQ) and urinary DTC excretion levels. Analysis included a structural equation approach (Method …

Activity Patterns And Correlates Among Youth: Differences By Weight Status, Wendell C. Taylor, James F. Sallis, Marsha Dowda, Patty S. Freedson, Karen Eason, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

The purposes of the study were to assess differences in physical activity levels and correlates of physical activity among overweight (‡ 85th percentile of body mass index for their sex and age) and non-overweight (< 85th percentile) youth. The sample included 509 seventh through twelfth graders. Activity was measured by a 7-day, 46-item activity checklist. Overweight girls were more sedentary than non-overweight girls (p<.03), and non-overweight girls engaged in more vigorous physical activity than overweight girls (p<.03). For boys, there were no significant differences in activity. The regression analyses for vigorous activity yielded the largest total R²'s (R²=.049 for overweight and R²=.27 for non-overweight.) The significant factor for overweight youth was greater athletic coordination (p<.01). For non-overweight youth, the significant factors were greater family support (p<.05), greater peer support (p<.001), fewer barriers (p<.03), and greater athletic coordination (p<.01). Correlates of physical activity vary by weight status of young people.

Identification Of A Streptolysin S-Associated Gene Cluster And Its Role In The Pathogenesis Of Streptococcus Iniae Disease, Jeffrey D. Fuller, Alvin C. Camus, Carla L. Duncan, Victor Nizet, Darrin J. Bast, Ronald L. Thune, Donald E. Low, Joyce C.S. De Azavedo

Faculty Publications

Streptococcus iniae causes meningoencephalitis and death in cultured fish species and soft-tissue infection in humans. We recently reported that S. iniae is responsible for local tissue necrosis and bacteremia in a murine subcutaneous infection model. The ability to cause bacteremia in this model is associated with a genetic profile unique to strains responsible for disease in fish and humans (J. D. Fuller, D. J. Bast, V. Nizet, D. E. Low, and J. C. S. de Azavedo, Infect. Immun. 69:1994-2000, 2001). S. iniae produces a cytolysin that confers a hemolytic phenotype on blood agar media. In this study, we characterized the …