Digital Commons Network^™

Sperm Cryopreservation Of Green Swordtail Xiphophorus Helleri, A Fish With Internal Fertilization, Changjiang Huang, Qiaoxiang Dong, Ronald B. Walter, Terrence R. Tiersch

Faculty Publications

Sperm cryopreservation for fishes with internal fertilization is essentially unexplored although many species of these fishes are valuable biomedical research models. To explore methods for sperm cryopreservation within the live-bearing genus Xiphophorus, this study used X. helleri to evaluate the effects of cryoprotectant, osmotic pressure, cooling rate, equilibration time, and sperm-to-extender ratio. Sperm motility and survival duration after thawing showed significant differences among different cryoprotectants with the highest motility at 10min after thawing obtained with 14% glycerol. With subsequent use of 14% glycerol as the cryoprotectant, the highest motility after thawing was observed with Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) at …

Measurements Of Compton Scattered Transition Radiation At High Lorentz Factors, Gary L. Case, P. Parker Altice, Michael L. Cherry, Joachim Isbert, Donald Patterson, John W. Mitchell

Faculty Publications

X-ray transition radiation can be used to measure the Lorentz factor of relativistic particles. Standard transition radiation detectors (TRDs) typically incorporate thin plastic foil, foam, or fiber radiators and gas-filled X-ray detectors, and are sensitive up to γ ∼ 104. To reach Lorentz factors up to γ ∼ 105, thicker, denser radiators can be used, which consequently produce X-rays of harder energies (≳ 100 keV). At these energies, scintillator detectors are more efficient in detecting the hard X-rays, and Compton scattering of the X-rays out of the path of the particle becomes important. The Compton scattering can be utilized to …

Individual Cell Growth Rates Of Marine Bacteria, Measured By Bromodeoxyuridine Incorporation, Koji Hamasaki, Richard A. Long, Farooq Azam

Faculty Publications

We tested the application of 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analogue that becomes incorporated into DNA during growth, to measure growth rates of individual marine bacteria cells. Immunocytochemical detection of BrdU incorporation into bacterial DNA has the potential for single-cell-based growth measurement. Optimized procedure for immunocytochemistry was applicable to 14 marine heterotrophic bacterial isolates belonging to g-proteobacteria, α-proteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB) group and Gram-positive bacteria. The relationship between cell-specific fluorescence intensity and specific growth rate was linearly correlated among CFB group isolates, which indicated a potential of the method for quantitative measurement. Analysis of the detection limit indicated …

Identification Of A New Chloroplast Carbonic Anhydrase In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Mautusi Mitra, Scott M. Lato, Ruby A. Ynalvez, Ying Xiao, James V. Moroney

Faculty Publications

Carbonic anhydrases (CA) are zinc-containing metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2. The three evolutionarily unrelated families of CAs are designated α-, β-, and γ-CA. Aquatic photosynthetic organisms have evolved different forms of CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to aid Rubisco in capturing CO2 from the surrounding environment. One aspect of all CCMs is the critical roles played by various specially localized extracellular and intracellular CAs. Five CAs have previously been identified in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green alga with a well-studied CCM. Here we identify a sixth gene encoding a β-type CA. This new β-CA, designated Cah6, is distinct from …

The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Ul20 Protein Modulates Membrane Fusion Events During Cytoplasmic Virion Morphogenesis And Virus-Induced Cell Fusion, Timothy P. Foster, Jeffrey M. Melancon, Joel D. Baines, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) UL20 protein is an important determinant for virion morphogenesis and virus-induced cell fusion. A precise deletion of the UL20 gene in the HSV-1 KOS strain was constructed without affecting the adjacent UL20.5 gene. The resultant KOS/UL20-null virus produced small plaques of 8 to 15 cells in Vero cells while it produced wild-type plaques on the complementing cell line G5. Electron microscopic examination of infected cells revealed that the KOS/UL20-null virions predominantly accumulated capsids in the cytoplasm while a small percentage of virions were found as enveloped virions within cytoplasmic vacuoles. Recently, it was …

Simple Entanglement Measure For Multipartite Pure States, Feng Pan, Dan Liu, Guoying Lu, J. P. Draayer

Faculty Publications

A simple entanglement measure for multipartite pure states is formulated based on the partial entropy of a series of reduced density matrices. Use of the proposed new measure to distinguish disentangled, partially entangled, and maximally entangled multipartite pure states is illustrated. © 2004 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

Examining The Relationship Between Religious Orientation And Eating Disturbances, Melissa H. Smith, P. Scott Richards, Christopher J. Maglio

Faculty Publications

The relationship between religion and eating concerns is receiving increasing empirical attention. The current investigation sought to examine the relationship between eating attitudes and religious orientation, utilizing the fourfold typology of religious orientation. A curvilinear relationship was found between religious orientation and eating attitudes among a subclinical college population and a clinical population of individuals receiving inpatient treatment for eating disorders, particularly among extrinsically orientated individuals with diagnosis of bulimia nervosa.

Impact Of Stock Option Expensing On Small Businesses, Stephen F. Diamond, United States Senate, Committee On Small Business And Entrepreneurship

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Gas-Diffusion Process In A Tubular Cathode Substrate Of An Sofc, Part I: Theoretical Analysis Of Gas-Diffusion Process Under Cylindrical Coordinate System, Kevin Huang

Faculty Publications

In this the first part of a two-part paper, the gas-diffusion process through a thick and porous tubular cathode substrate of a solid oxide fuel cell-(SOFC) was theoretically analyzed using classic Fick’s diffusion equation under the cylindrical coordinate system. The effects of current density, temperature, oxygen diffusivity or porosity, wall thickness, and bulk p_O2 on the concentration (or pore in this paper) polarization were calculated and are presented graphically. The results clearly show a greater impact on pore polarization by current density, oxygen diffusivity, wall thickness, and bulk p_O2, but not by temperature. In addition, …

Book Review. Crafting Tradition, Jo Farb Hernandez

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

What Law Schools Can Learn From Billy Beane And The Oakland Athletics , Rafael Gely, Paul L. Caron

Faculty Publications

In Moneyball, Michael Lewis writes about a story with which he fell in love, a story about professional baseball and the people that play it. A surprising number of books and articles have been written by law professors who have had long love affairs with baseball. These books and articles are a two-way street, with baseball and law each informing and enriching the other. For example, law professors versed in antitrust, labor, property, tax, and tort law have brought their legal training to bear on particular aspects of baseball. Law professors also have mined their passion for baseball in extracting …

Australia And The United States: Two Common Criminal Justice Systems Uncommonly At Odds, Paul Marcus, Vicki Waye

Faculty Publications

At first glance the criminal justice systems of Australia and the United States look strikingly similar. With common law roots from England, they both emphasize the adversary system, the roleof the advocate, the presumption of innocence, and an appeals process. Upon closer reflection,however, they appear starkly different. From both Australian and U.S. perspectives, the authorsexplore those differences, examining important features such as the exclusion of evidence, rules regarding interrogation, the entrapment defense, and the open nature of trials. The Article concludes with an analysis of the reasons for those differences, reasons that heavily relate back to the founding of the …

Mistaking Marriage For Social Policy, Vivian E. Hamilton

Faculty Publications

This Article examines the role of marriage in society, focusing on the state's use of marriage as a proxy for desirable outcomes in social policy. Its analytical point of departure is the normative vision of modern marriage embraced by many of its proponents. From there, the idealized marriage is analyzed, not as a monolithic, opaque institution, but as one whose functional components may be identified and examined. The Article identifies the following as the primary functions of the normative marital family: expression; companionship; sex/procreation; caretaking; and economic support or redistribution. Analyzing the roles in society of each of these functions, …

Cognitive Robot Mapping With Polylines And An Absolute Space Representation, Kennard R. Laviers, Gilbert L. Peterson

Faculty Publications

Robot mapping even today is one of the most challenging problems in robot programming. Most successful methods use some form of occupancy grid to represent a mapped region. This approach becomes problematic if the robot is mapping a large environment, the map quickly becomes too large for processing and storage. Rather than storing the map as an occupancy grid, our robot (equipped with sonars) sees the world as a series of connected spaces. These spaces are initially mapped as an occupancy grid in a room by room fashion. As the robot leaves a space, denoted by passing through a doorway, …

Dynamic Autonomous Transport Selection In Heterogeneous Wireless Environments, Jeffrey M. Brown, Heidi R. Duffin, Charles D. Knutson, Shannon B. Barnes, Ryan W. Woodings

Faculty Publications

In this paper, we introduce Quality of Transport (QoT), an architecture for synergistically and autonomously managing session-layer protocol access to multiple transports in heterogeneous wireless environments. We present an overview of the QoT architecture including: 1) transport discovery, 2) service discovery, 3) object exchange, 4) transport switching, and 5) intelligent transport selection. Preliminary successes with our design and implementation of QoT suggest that dynamic intelligent autonomous transport switching can help to optimize user experience and session layer performance in multi-transport environments.

New Enhanced Tunneling In Nuclear Processes, Boris Ivlev, Vladimir Gudkov

Faculty Publications

The small sub-barrier tunneling probability of nuclear processes can be dramatically enhanced by collision with incident charged particles. Semiclassical methods of theory of complex trajectories have been applied to nuclear tunneling, and conditions for the effects have been obtained. We demonstrate the enhancement of αparticle decay by incident proton with energy of about 0.25 MeV. We show that the general features of this process are common for other sub-barrier nuclear processes and can be applied to nuclear fission.

Agitated States: Performance In The American Theater Of Cruelty, Jodi Kanter

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Using Weblogs In Scholarship And Teaching, David Wiley, Trey Martindale

Faculty Publications

The web has become an important resource for teaching and learning (National Center for Educational Statistics [NCES], 2003). One reason the web is such a vital resource is that it allows almost anyone to contribute to its "holdings." Tools like HTML editors and FTP clients have made web publishing available to many teachers and students. However, the challenge of learning to use these tools has been a barrier to web publishing for many. Weblogs reduce the technical barriers to effective web publishing significantly.

An Assessment Of Hiv/Aids Risk In Higher Education Students In Yerevan, Armenia, Talin Babikian, Mary Catherin Freier, Gary L. Hopkins, Ralph Diclemente, Duane C. Mcbride, Matt Riggs

Faculty Publications

Armenia's current sociopolitical and economic instability and the alarming HIV incidence rates in neighboring countries amplify its risk for a national epidemic. The goals of this study were to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk behaviors among higher education students in Yerevan. Knowledge of HIV transmission through sexual intercourse was markedly higher than that on intravenous transmission and prevailing myths; however, HIV/AIDS knowledge was not related to risk behaviors. Tobacco and alcohol prevalence was relatively high. Students reported risky sexual behaviors, including inconsistent condom use, casual sex, and multiple partners. In addition to descriptive statistics delineating gender differences across the target …

A Comparison Of Four Electrical Stimulation Types On Staphylococcus Aureus Growth In Vitro, Harold L. Merriman, Chris A. Hegyi, Cheryl R. Albright-Overton, John Carlos Jr., Robert W. Putnam, Janet A. Mulcare

Faculty Publications

We evaluated the efficacy of common electrical stimulation (ES) types on bacterial growth in vitro using clinically relevant conditions. Four types of ES-continuous micro-amperage direct current (μADC), high-voltage pulsed current (HVPC), low-voltage monophasic milliamperage pulsed current (LVMmAPC), and low-voltage biphasic milliamperage pulsed current (LVBmAPC)-were each applied to a separate set of culture plates containing Staphylococcus aureus for 1 h at 37°C on 3 consecutive days. After ES treatment, the zone of inhibition surrounding each electrode was measured. Zone of inhibition measurements showed a significant inhibitory effect for continuous μADC and HVPC (p < 0.05), but not for LVM-mAPC and LVBmAPC. Differences in bacterial growth inhibition were not found for polarity and time. These data suggest that for infected wounds, HVPC and continuous μADC treatments may have an initial bacterial inhibitory effect, which does not significantly change with subsequent treatments.

Human Glutaminyl Cyclase And Bacterial Zinc Aminopeptidase Share A Common Fold And Active Site, Rachell E. Booth, Simon C. Lovell, Stephanie A. Misquitta, Robert C. Bateman Jr.

Faculty Publications

Background: Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) forms the pyroglutamyl residue at the amino terminus of numerous secretory peptides and proteins. We previously proposed the mammalian QC has some features in common with zinc aminopeptidases. We now have generated a structural model for human QC based on the aminopeptidase fold (pdb code 1AMP) and mutated the apparent active site residues to assess their role in QC catalysis.

Results: The structural model proposed here for human QC, deposited in the protein databank as 1MOI, is supported by a variety of fold prediction programs, by the circular dichroism spectrum, and by the presence …

Four Novel Genes Required For Optimal Photoautotrophic Growth Of The Cyanobacterium Synechocystis Sp. Strain Pcc 6803 Identified By In Vitro Transposon Mutagenesis, Shulu Zhang, Susan M. Laborde, Laurie K. Frankel, Terry M. Bricker

Faculty Publications

Four novel Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 genes (sll1495, sll0804, slr11306, and slr1125) which encode hypothetical proteins were determined by transposon mutagenesis to be required for optimal photoautotrophic growth. Mutations were also recovered in ccmK4, a carboxysome coat protein homologue, and me, the decarboxylating NADP+-dependent malic enzyme. This is the first report that these known genes are required for optimal photoautotrophy.

Seawater Acclimation Causes Independent Alterations In Na +/Tk+- And H+-Atpase Activity In Isolated Mitochondria-Rich Cell Subtypes Of The Rainbow Trout Gill, Guy S. Hawkings, Fernando Galvez, Greg G. Goss

Faculty Publications

Mitochondria-rich cells (MR cells) of the gills of rainbow trout undergo changes in relative distribution and biochemical function during acclimation to partial-strength (10‰) and full-strength (30‰) seawater. In isolated total gill cells, Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased fivefold and H+-ATPase activity decreased fourfold when trout were acclimated to either 10‰ or 30‰ seawater. When total MR gill cells were separated based on differential binding to peanut lectin agglutinin (PNA), the PNA subtypes underwent a change in relative distribution in seawater-acclimated fish. In freshwater, the ratio of PNA-: PNA+ was 65:35 while in seawater the distribution changed to 20:80 PNA-:PNA+. Additionally, differential changes …

Wide-Band/Dual-Band Packaged Antenna For 5-6 Ghz Wlan Application, Mohammod Ali, Tuangsit Sittironnarit, Huan-Sheng Hwang, Robert A. Sadler, Gerard James Hayes

Faculty Publications

A wide-band/dual-band packaged antenna is proposed for wireless local-area network (WLAN) applications in the 5.15-5.35 GHz and 5.725-5.825 GHz frequency range. The antenna is internal to the housing of a personal digital assistant, such as a Palm organizer, and has the dimensions of 28 by 9 by 3 ram on an FR4 substrate. The antenna meets or exceeds the bandwidth requirements for the dual-band IEEE 802.11a WLAN applications (5.15-5.35 GHz and 5.725-5.825 GHz) within 2:1 voltage standing-wave ratio.

Detector Description And Performance For The First Coincidence Observations Between Ligo And Geo, B. Abbott, R. Abbott, R. Adhikari, A. Ageev, B. Allen, R. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Araya, H. Armandula, F. Asiri, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, S. Babak, R. Balasubramanian, S. Ballmer, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, C. Barker-Patton, M. Barnes, B. Barr, M. A. Barton, K. Bayer, R. Beausoleil, K. Belczynski, R. Bennett, S. J. Berukoff, J. Betzwieser, B. Bhawal, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, E. Black, K. Blackburn

Faculty Publications

For 17 days in August and September 2002, the LIGO and GEO interferometer gravitational wave detectors were operated in coincidence to produce their first data for scientific analysis. Although the detectors were still far from their design sensitivity levels, the data can be used to place better upper limits on the flux of gravitational waves incident on the earth than previous direct measurements. This paper describes the instruments and the data in some detail, as a companion to analysis papers based on the first data. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Warez Trading And Criminal Copyright Infringement, Eric Goldman

Faculty Publications

Warez traders have been blamed as a significant cause of copyright piracy, which has led to several dozen conviction of warez traders in the past two years. The article analyzes how criminal copyright infringement and other laws apply to warez trading. The article also describes the prosecutions of warez trading, including a comprehensive chart of all warez trading convictions. The article concludes with a brief policy discussion about the problems created by Congress' effort to criminalize warez trading.

Androgen Receptor Expression In The Rat Prostate Is Down-Regulated By Dietary Phytoestrogens, Edwin D. Lephart, Trent D. Lund, Daniel J. Munson, Herman Aldercreutz, Robert J. Handa

Faculty Publications

Background- It is well established that the growth of the prostate gland is a hormone-dependent phenomenon involving both androgenic and estrogenic control. Proliferation of prostate cells is, at least in part, under control of estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta). Phytoestrogens bind ER-beta with high affinity and therefore may have antiproliferative effects in the prostate. Methods- The prostates of male Long-Evans rats fed a diet high in phytoestrogens (Phyto-600) or very low levels of phytoestrogens (Phyto-free) were analyzed to determine the impact of dietary phytoestrogens on prostate weight and androgen receptor (AR) expression in the prostate. Results- Dietary phytoestrogens significantly decreased post-pubertal …

Transcriptome-Based Determination Of Multiple Transcription Regulator Activities In Escherichia Coli By Using Network Component Analysis, Katy Kao, Young-Lyeol Yang, Riccardo Boscolo, Chiara Sabatti, Vwani Roychowdhury, James Liao

Faculty Publications

Cells adjust gene expression profiles in response to environmental and physiological changes through a series of signal transduction pathways. Upon activation or deactivation, the terminal regulators bind to or dissociate from DNA, respectively, and modulate transcriptional activities on particular promoters. Traditionally, individual reporter genes have been used to detect the activity of the transcription factors. This approach works well for simple, non-overlapping transcription pathways. For complex transcriptional networks, more sophisticated tools are required to deconvolute the contribution of each regulator. Here, we demonstrate the utility of network component analysis in determining multiple transcription factor activities based on transcriptome profiles and …

The Forgiveness Of Sins, Steven D. Paulson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Bible And Popular Culture: Engaging Sacred Text In The World Of "Others", Mary E. Hess

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.