Digital Commons Network^™

Pragmatism And Pluralism: A Moral Foundation For Stakeholder Theory In The 21st Century, Paul C. Godfrey, Ben William Lewis

Faculty Publications

Donaldson and Preston (1995) defined the three pillars of stakeholder as descriptive, instrumental, and normative. Because of their close alignment between the instrumental and normative pillars and the moral philosophies of utilitarianism and deontology, the latter became the default moral foundations of stakeholder theory. In this chapter, we argue that the moral foundation of the descriptive pillar, pragmatism, provides a moral foundation for twenty-first century stakeholder theory. As we show, pragmatism and its close cousin pluralism fits a stakeholder theory concerned with the descriptive questions that characterize current work in stakeholder theory. Pragmatism and pluralism both see eudemonia, or human …

Teachers' Interactions With A Young Child With: Comparing Ipad And Non-Ipad Use, Sohyun Meacham, Saeed Almalki

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was investigating teachers' interaction with a young child with ASD when they were using iPad to support language and communication skills development. A case study method was applied. Business-as-usual classroom interaction was analyzed. Utterances were divided into two conditions (iPad-use and non-iPad-use) to compare effectiveness on supporting the child's engagement in teacher-child interaction. In addition, interviews with teachers were conducted to collect more information about their own perspectives regarding iPad use with the student with ASD. Results of the study indicate that child-teacher joint attention and teachers' verbal assistance happened more frequently when iPad was …

Improving Security Message Adherence Through Improved Comprehension: Neural And Behavioral Insights, Bonnie Brinton Anderson, Daniel Bjornn, Jeffrey Jenkins, C. Brock Kirwan, Anthony Vance

Faculty Publications

Security warnings are critical to help users make contextual security decisions. Unfortunately, users find these warnings hard to understand, and they routinely expose themselves to unintended risks as a result. Although it is straightforward to determine when users fail to understand a warning, it is more difficult to pinpoint why this happens. The goal of this research is to use eye tracking to step through the building blocks of comprehension—attention, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics—for SSL and other common security warnings. Through this process, we will identify ways to design security warnings to be more easily understood.

Consonantal Variation In Utah English What El[T]Se Is Happening[K], Joseph A. Stanley, Kyle Vanderniet

Faculty Publications

Most research on Utah English phonology has concentrated on vowels

• COT-CAUGHT merger, CORD-CARD merger, pre-lateral mergers
• /aɪ/ monophthongization
• PIN-PEN merger

The Erie Doctrine: A Flowchart, Michael S. Green

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Deconstructing The Epistemic Challenges To Mass Atrocity Prosecutions, Nancy Amoury Combs

Faculty Publications

Mass atrocity prosecutions are credited with advancing a host of praiseworthy objectives. They are believed to impose much-needed retribution, deter future atrocities, and affirm the rule of law in previously lawless societies. However, mass atrocity prosecutions will accomplish none of these laudable ends unless they are able to find accurate facts. Convicting the appropriate individuals of the appropriate crimes is a necessary and foundational condition for the success of mass atrocity prosecutions. But it is a condition that is frequently difficult to meet, as mass atrocity prosecutions are often bedeviled by pervasive and invidious obstacles to accurate fact-finding. This Article …

The Politics Of Immigrant Rights: Between Political Geography And Transnational Interventions, Deborah M. Weissman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

(Thr)-Flapping In American English: Articulatory Motivations And Social Factors, Joseph A. Stanley

Faculty Publications

Taps are allophones of /t/ and /d/ in American English

Between two vowels where the second is unstressed water, data, cheetah, scooter, odor, editor, forty, item, ladle, coding, etc. [ɾ] = voiced, alveolar tap.

Similar environment, but with a preceding nasal winter = winner, panting = panning [ɾ̃] = voiced, nasalized, alveolar tap.

Hypotheses:

1. For some speakers, [ɾ] is an allophone of /ɹ/ after /θ/, i.e. they have (thr)-flapping.
2. This variant is socially conditioned.
3. This variant has articulatory motivations.

Consonantal Variation In Utah English: What El[T]Se Is Happening[K], Joseph A. Stanley, Kyle Vanderniet

Faculty Publications

MOUNTAIN

• standard moun[ʔn̩] was the most common
• hyperarticulated moun[tʰɨn] twice as common as moun[ʔɨn]
• more common in younger speakers
• possibly as reaction to stigmatized variant

FALSE

• no clear pattern, but possibly women use it more

[k]-epenthesis

• not enough data

Nonmainstream forms can be found in Utah English.

These are not captured by the demographic variables we gathered.

The Language Of Protest: Acts Of Performance, Identity And Legitimation, Mary Lynne Gasaway Hill

Faculty Publications

Rooted in the performative of Speech Act Theory, this interdisciplinary study crafts a new model to compare the work we do with words when we protest: across genres (chants, songs, poetry, prose), from different geographies (Turkey, U.S., West Germany, Romania, Great Britain, Guatemala, Northern Ireland) and from different languages (Turkish, Spanish, English, German, Romanian, Ki’che’, Irish Gaeilge). This model generates two new concepts: pragmatic legitimacy, when a hearer recognizes a speech act, regardless of genre, as one of protest; and convocativity, the effect of convoking hearers into distinct camps, creating degrees of solidarity or distance on the protest issue. Framed …

From The Ground Up: Providing Support To Emergent Bilinguals To Distinguish Language Difference From Disability, Andrea Golloher, David Whitenack, Lisa Simpson, Donna Sacco

Faculty Publications

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data reveal that students with disabilities who are emergent bilinguals (English language learners) have the lowest levels of profficiency in reading and mathematics among all student groups. We consider issues related to the instruction of emergent bilinguals, including those identified as having specific learning disabilities, using a Response to Intervention (RTI)/Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) model. In so doing, we argue that instructional practices consistent with a robust Tier 1 framework are beneficial to emergent bilinguals with and without learning disabilities while differentiating Tier 2 and 3 interventions may improve outcomes for emergent bilingual …

/Ɛɡ/-Raising Is Straightforward? I Beg To Differ!, Joseph A. Stanley

Faculty Publications

This Study

Remaining questions:

• BEG is only studied in areas with BAG-raising.
• What about other places?
• Short, common words have only been studied.
• What about other words?

Anecdotal observation:

• I’m from St. Louis and I have BEG-raising in most words, except a few like integrity, segregate, negligent, and regulate.
• St. Louis is not known to have BEG-raising, and these words have not been included in other studies.

Hypotheses:

1. BEG-raising without BAG-raising is more widespread than Nevada.
2. BEG-raising is less common when it is followed by a sonorant.

Creating A Realistic Experimental Scenario For Hci-Based Deception Detection Research With Ground Truth And Un- Sanctioned Malicious Acts, Michael D. Byrd, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Joseph S. Valacich, Parker A. Williams

Faculty Publications

This research-in-progress note reports on the design and execution of a study in HCI-based deception detection. The objective of the study is to examine the impact of knowledge of tracking and countermeasures on the neuromotor changes detected when subjects commit a malfeasant act. To examine this, an experimental context and design was required that would afford the subjects an opportunity to commit an un-sanctioned malicious act while tracking ground truth in an unobtrusive manner. The experimental design, study execution, and preliminary results are presented.

Communicate With Your Audience: Intro To Rmarkdown, Joseph A. Stanley

Faculty Publications

So far, most of what you’ve done in R has been with R scripts, which is perfectly fine. But sometimes if you’re working on a particular project you might end up with one very long script. You might add some structure to the script using headers, and you can add comments to explain what code does, but after a while it can get unwieldy because there’s no narrative in your script. You forget why do did what you did and what things you learned from it. For many of my projects, I have an accompanying file where keep all my …

Improved Knowledge Following An Interprofessional Interpreter-Use Training, Celia Pechak, Connie Summers, Joanna Velasco

Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Language barriers between patients and their healthcare providers are associated with negative outcomes. One approach to bridge language discordance is to offer interpreter-use training. This study’s purpose was to evaluate the effects of an interprofessional interpreter-use training on speech-language pathology (SLP), doctor of physical therapy (DPT), and master of occupational therapy (MOT) students. METHODS: Seventy-one students (18 SLP, 32 DPT, and 21 MOT) participated. Participants first completed an online module and then participated in a 3-hour interprofessional training consisting of lecture, role-play, and reflection. Each completed an interpreter-use knowledge assessment and the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) before …

Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Making For Bilingual Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Guide For Clinicians, Vanesa Smith, Connie Summers, Vannesa Mueller, Alejandra Carillo, Gabriela Villaneda

Faculty Publications

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are treating an increasing number of bilingual clients, including those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). There is not a clear consensus among professionals regarding which language should be used in intervention when treating bilingual children with ASD. For this reason, it is imperative that SLPs ensure that they are making evidence-based decisions. This article will review the current research that examines bilingualism in children with ASD along with research focused on the language of intervention in bilingual children with ASD. We present a clinical scenario with common concerns presented to SLPs in their work settings and …

From Big Ag To Campus Cafeterias: Intersections Of Food-Supply Networks As Technical Communication Pedagogy, Jessie Lynn Richards, Joshua Lenart, David Sumner, Douglas Christensen

Faculty Publications

This article presents a pedagogical approach to teaching technical and professional writing with an eye toward cultivating awareness and generating informed research among undergraduate students about food production and its various, intricate networks between Big Ag and campus cafeterias. Our pedagogy, influenced by interdisciplinary content, is designed to teach students to differentiate between food processes—such as production versus distribution and consumption—by viewing these networks as communicative practices rather than as inevitable chains or simple functions of one another. Our approach encourages students to locate and analyze differences between interdependent, but seemingly disparate pathways and to make visible communicative intersections that …

Quoting Shakespeare In The British Novel From Dickens To Wodehouse, Daniel Pollack-Pelzner

Faculty Publications

Novelists heralded as Victorian Shakespeares frequently navigated the varied nineteenth-century practices of Shakespeare quotation (in the classroom in compilation books, in stage spoofs) to construct the relationship between narrator and character, and to negotiate the dialogue between Shakespeare's voice and the voice of the novel. This chapter looks at three novelists whose practices intersect and contrast: George Eliot, who resists the Bardolatrous imputation of a Shakespearean character's wisdom to its author by distinguishing her own characters' inept Shakespeare quotations from her narrative voice; Thomas Hardy, who claims the authority of Shakespearean pastoral, regional language against the glib quotations of his …

Tolkien’S Phonoprint In Character Names Throughout His Invented Languages, Bruce L. Brown, Brad Wilcox, Wendy Baker-Smemoe, Timothy G. Morrison

Faculty Publications

J. R. R. Tolkien claimed to create names based on sound symbolism and invented languages. Previous studies revealed that Tolkien had his own phonoprint (tendency to use the same phonemes repeatedly for character names) regardless of his claims that they reflected different language origins. However, this research examined phonemes and syllables rather than names as whole units. This study compared 183 names from Tolkien’s works and 100 names from the nineteenth Century Us Census. The name recognition software linked names with known languages or provided a “generic” category when no match was found. Results showed no significant differences between the …

Polysyllabic Shortening In Speakers Exposed To Two Languages, Todd A. Gibson, Connie Summers

Faculty Publications

Polysyllabic shortening is used to maintain stress-timed rhythm in English, but used negligibly in Spanish. It is unknown how polysyllabic shortening is influenced when individuals are exposed to one language that employs it and one that does not. We calculated polysyllabic shortening for 35 functionally monolingual English-speaking adults and 19 relatively balanced Spanish–English bilingual peers who repeated English and Spanish nonwords. Results showed that speech motor patterns learned early in life might be sufficient to block cross-linguistic transfer of polysyllabic shortening despite limited language proficiency, and bilingual speakers appear to signal membership in the majority language by increasing polysyllabic shortening.

Toward A Sociology Of Forensic Knowledge: A (Supplementary) Response To Cole, David S. Caudill

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Corporate Bankruptcy Hybridity, Melissa B. Jacoby

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

True German And Phony English Laughter: Schmidt-Hidding Was Still Schmidt, Christian F. Hempelmann

Faculty Publications

Schmidt-Hidding’s (b. 1903, d. 1967) lexical field study on the area of Humor und Witz [humour and wit/jokes] (1963b) receives attention in humour research to this day, especially in German-speaking countries. His diamond-shaped illustration of the two dimensions of the field of humour, not least in its aim to distinguish “earthy” German from “courteous” English humour, has become well-known. In view of this continued interest in the final write-up of Schmidt-Hidding’s work on humour (1963a, 1963b), in which he consistently ignores his earlier related publications under the name of Schmidt, this paper aims to discourage researchers from basing their work …

Interactional Competence In Japanese As An Additional Language: An Overview, Tim Greer, Midori Ishida, Yumiko Tateyama

Faculty Publications

Speaking a language involves more than just knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation: It also requires the abilities to interpret what your interlocutor is saying, to formulate a relevant response, and to deliver it in a timely manner. In addition, it entails skills such as dealing with trouble in talk when it arises and being able to identify an appropriate moment to start speaking. In short, it requires interactional competence (IC). As this applies to speaking a language other than one's first, this volume of Pragmatics & Interaction examines specific interactional competences {ICs) that speakers of Japanese as an additional …

Developing Recipient Competence During Study Abroad, Midori Ishida

Faculty Publications

Partly as a response to Kinginger's (2009) call for studies that examine the interaction in which L2 speakers participate during study abroad and its relationship with long-term development, this chapter explores what features of social interaction might afford L2 speakers opportunities to "form new practices" (Pallotti & Wagner, 2011, p. 1), especially when using receipts.

Orwell's 1984 And A Fourth Amendment Cybersurveillance Nonintrusion Test, Margaret Hu

Faculty Publications

This Article describes a cybersurveillance nonintrusion test under the Fourth Amendment that is grounded in evolving customary law to replace the reasonable expectation of privacy test formulated in Katz v. United States. To illustrate how customary law norms are shaping modern Fourth Amendment jurisprudence, this Article examines the recurrence of judicial references to George Orwell’s novel, 1984, within the Fourth Amendment context when federal courts have assessed the constitutionality of modern surveillance methods. The Supreme Court has indicated that the Fourth Amendment privacy doctrine must now evolve to impose meaningful limitations on the intrusiveness of new surveillance technologies. …

Document Clustering, David Anastasiu, Andrea Tagarelli

Faculty Publications

In a world flooded with information, document clustering is an important tool that can help categorize and extract insight from text collections. It works by grouping similar documents, while simultaneously discriminating between groups. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the principal techniques used to cluster documents, and introduce a series of novel deep-learning based methods recently designed for the document clustering task. In our overview, we point the reader to salient works that can provide a deeper understanding of the topics discussed.

Pilot Test Results Of A Video-Based Hiv Intervention For Chinese College Students In The United States, Wei-Chen Tung, Minggen Lu, Rudolph Rull, Wei Yang

Faculty Publications

Background: No culturally relevant and appropriate HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) programs are available to Chinese college students in the United States. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a translated Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) intervention, Video Opportunities for Innovative Condom Education and Safer Sex (VOICES), to change condom use intention and self-efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers, and HIV/AIDS knowledge among Chinese students in a U.S. university. The VOICES program includes video viewing and a facilitated small-group discussion.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design with single-group pretest-posttest was conducted in Chinese. Chinese students (N=67) from a local university were recruited to …

Social Imaginaries And The Theory Of The Normative Utterance, Meili Steele

Faculty Publications

Theorists of the social imaginary, such as Benedict Anderson, Charles Taylor, Cornelius Castoriadis, and Marcel Gauchet have given us new ways to talk about the structures of the shared meanings and practices of the West. As a group, they have directed their arguments against the narrow horizons of meaning oyed by deliberative political theories in developing their basic normative concepts and principles. Anderson speaks of the new shapes of time and space provided by the novel and newspaper; Taylor and Gauchet discuss the ontological importance of the emergence of secularity, the public sphere, popular sovereignty, and the market; Castoriadis places …

Changes In The Timber Industry As A Catalyst For Linguistic Change, Joseph A. Stanley

Faculty Publications

Catastrophic Change

• “Catastrophic events have played a major role in the history of all languages, primarily in the form of population dislocations… [They] are more common than previously believed.”
• The rise of island tourism in Ocracoke in 1960s.
• Daily boat from Smith Island to mainland in 1974

Traditional features typically lost; innovative features expand.

• Texas and Oklahoma after WWII
• Influx of immigrants in Eastern Pennsylvania.
• Migration across dialect boundary in New England.