Digital Commons Network^™

Escaping From Lawyers' Prison Of Fear, John Lande

Faculty Publications

Lawyers regularly experience numerous fears endemic to their work. This is not surprising considering that lawyers generally operate in environments that frequently stimulate many fears. Lawyers’ fears can lead them to enhance their performance due to increased preparation and effective “thinking on their feet.” Fear is problematic when it is out of proportion to actual threats, is expressed inappropriately, or is chronically unaddressed effectively. It can lead to sub-optimal and counterproductive performance through paralysis, ritualized behavior, or inappropriate aggression. Some lawyers’ fears unnecessarily prevent them from performing well, producing good results for clients, earning more income, and experiencing greater satisfaction …

Contents May Have Shifted: Disentangling The Best Evidence Rule From The Rule Against Hearsay, Colin Miller

Faculty Publications

Vince brings a battery action against Dan based upon an encounter between the two men. Dan claims that he was acting in self-defense and wants to testify that Ed sent him the following text message minutes before the encounter: “Vince is coming to see you to collect on that drug debt that you owe him.” Dan could argue that he is offering the statement not to prove the truth of the matter asserted but to prove its “effect on the listener,” making it nonhearsay Specifically, Dan could claim that he is offering the statement to prove that, regardless of whether …

National “Harmony”: An Inter-Branch Constitutional Principle And Its Application To Diversity Jurisdiction, Jesse M. Cross

Faculty Publications

Most constitutional interpretation continues, in the words of John Hart Ely, to be "clause-bound" in nature: it presumes that each constitutional clause can be studied in isolation from each other clause. As a result of this shortsighted methodology, constitutional scholars have overlooked a single organizing metaphor that was used at the Constitutional Convention to shape a host of constitutional clauses scattered across Articles I and III: the metaphor of national "harmony." Within the rhetoric of Enlightenment science, the term "harmony" was used in the Founding era to identify those forces that extended between the independent parts of a larger system …

The Democratic Life Of The Union: Toward Equal Voting Participation For Europeans With Disabilities, János Fiala-Butora, Michael Ashley Stein, Janet E. Lord

Faculty Publications

This Article puts forward preliminary legal scholarship on equal political participation by persons with disabilities and what international human rights law requires for its attainment. The goal is to provoke an informed dialogue on the neglected but fundamental human right to enfranchisement by persons with disabilities while also acknowledging that a complete and just resolution requires further information and reflection.

The Article argues that the fundamental right to vote cannot be curtailed on the basis of an alleged lack of capacity. Disenfranchisement based on individual assessment unjustly excludes a certain number of voting-capable individuals. Since all those affected are persons …

Red Cloud's War And The Indian Victory Over The United States, Albert Winkler

Faculty Publications

Following the American Civil War, the United States fought a major war against the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians known as Red Cloud's War, which lasted from 1866 to 1868. The conflict is noteworthy for its many raids, for its three significant battles, and because it was a costly American defeat and an important Indian victory. A prominent leader of the Native Americans was the great war chief, Red Cloud, who engineered much of their success. The conflict included several important and bloody engagements including the Hayfield and the Wagon Box Battles in 1867, and the highly significant Fetterman Massacre …

The Anthropology Of Plague: Insights From Bioarcheological Analyses Of Epidemic Cemeteries, Sharon Dewitte

Faculty Publications

Most research on historic plague has relied on documentary evidence, but recently researchers have examined the remains of plague victims to produce a deeper understanding of the disease. Bioarcheological analysis allows the skeletal remains of epidemic victims to bear witness to the contexts of their deaths. This is important for our understanding of the experiences of the vast majority of people who lived in the past, who are not typically included in the historical record. This paper summarizes bioarcheological research on plague, primarily investigations of the Black Death in London (1349–50), emphasizing what anthropology uniquely contributes to plague studies.

Chronic Exposure To A Low Dose Of Ingested Petroleum Disrupts Corticosterone Receptor Signalling In A Tissue-Specific Manner In The House Sparrow (Passer Domesticus), Christine R. Lattin, L. Michael Romero

Faculty Publications

© The Author 2014. Stress-induced concentrations of glucocorticoid hormones (including corticosterone, CORT) can be suppressed by chronic exposure to a low dose of ingested petroleum. However, endocrine-disrupting chemicals could interfere with CORT signalling beyond the disruption of hormone titres, including effects on receptors in different target tissues. In this study, we examined the effects of 6 weeks of exposure to a petroleum-laced diet (1% oil weight:food weight) on tissue mass and intracellular CORT receptors in liver, fat, muscle and kidney (metabolic tissues), spleen (an immune tissue) and testes (a reproductive tissue). In the laboratory, male house sparrows were fed either …

Natural Selection Canalizes Expression Variation Of Environmentally Induced Plasticity-Enabling Genes, Joseph R. Shaw, Thomas H. Hampton, Benjamin L. King, Andrew Whitehead, Fernando Galvez, Robert H. Gross, Nathan Keith, Emily Notch, Dawoon Jung, Stephen P. Glaholt, Celia Y. Chen, John K. Colbourne, Bruce A. Stanton

Faculty Publications

© 2014 The Author. Many organisms survive fluctuating and extreme environmental conditions by manifesting multiple distinct phenotypes during adulthood by means of developmental processes that enable phenotypic plasticity. We report on the discovery of putative plasticity-enabling genes that are involved in transforming the gill of the euryhaline teleost fish, Fundulus heteroclitus, from its freshwater to its seawater gill-type, a process that alters both morphology and function. Gene expression that normally enables osmotic plasticity is inhibited by arsenic. Gene sets defined by antagonistic interactions between arsenic and salinity show reduced transcriptional variation among individual fish, suggesting unusually accurate and precise regulatory …

Combustion By-Products And Their Health Effects - Combustion Engineering And Global Health In The 21st Century: Issues And Challenges, Slawo Lomnicki, Brian Gullett, Tobias Stöger, Ian Kennedy, Jim Diaz, Tammy R. Dugas, Kurt Varner, Danielle J. Carlin, Barry Dellinger, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

The 13th International Congress on Combustion By-Products and their Health Effects was held in New Orleans, Louisiana from May 15 to 18, 2013. The congress, sponsored by the Superfund Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and National Science Foundation, brought together international academic and government researchers, engineers, scientists, and policymakers. With industrial growth, increased power needs and generation and coal consumption and their concomitant emissions, pernicious health effects associated with exposures to these emissions are on the rise. This congress provides a unique platform for interdisciplinary exchange and discussion of these topics. The formation, conversion, control, and health …

Limited Type I Interferons And Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells During Neonatal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Permit Immunopathogenesis Upon Reinfection, Stephania A. Cormier, Bishwas Shrestha, Jordy Saravia, Greg I. Lee, Li Shen, John P. Devincenzo, Young In Kim, Dahui You

Faculty Publications

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the number one cause of bronchiolitis in infants, yet no vaccines are available because of a lack of knowledge of the infant immune system. Using a neonatal mouse model, we previously revealed that mice initially infected with RSV as neonates develop Th2-biased immunopathophysiologies during reinfection, and we demonstrated a role for enhanced interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) expression on T helper cells in these responses. Here we show that RSV infection in neonates induced limited type I interferon (IFN) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) responses. IFN alpha (IFN-α) treatment or adoptive transfer of adult pDCs …

Deficiency Of The Two-Pore-Domain Potassium Channel Trek-1 Promotes Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury, Andreas Schwingshackl, Bin Teng, Patrudu Makena, Manik Ghosh, Scott E. Sinclair, Charlean Luellen, Louisa Balasz, Cynthia Rovnaghi, Robert M. Bryan, Eric E. Lloyd, Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, Jordy S. Saravia, Stephania A. Cormier, Christopher M. Waters

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2014 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Objectives: We previously reported the expression of the twoporedomain K+ channel TREK-1 in lung epithelial cells and proposed a role for this channel in the regulation of alveolar epithelial cytokine secretion. In this study, we focused on investigating the role of TREK-1 in vivo in the development of hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Design: Laboratory animal experiments. Setting: University research laboratory. Subjects: Wild-type and TREK-1-deficient mice. Interventions: Mice were anesthetized and exposed to 1) room air, no mechanical ventilation, 2) 95% hyperoxia for 24 hours, and 3) …

Response Of Native Insect Communities To Invasive Plants, T. Martijn Bezemer, Jeffrey A. Harvey, James T. Cronin

Faculty Publications

Invasive plants can disrupt a range of trophic interactions in native communities. As a novel resource they can affect the performance of native insect herbivores and their natural enemies such as parasitoids and predators, and this can lead to host shifts of these herbivores and natural enemies. Through the release of volatile compounds, and by changing the chemical complexity of the habitat, invasive plants can also affect the behavior of native insects such as herbivores, parasitoids, and pollinators. Studies that compare insects on related native and invasive plants in invaded habitats show that the abundance of insect herbivores is often …

Relative Importance Of Host Environment, Transmission Potential And Host Phylogeny To The Structure Of Parasite Metacommunities, Tad Dallas, Steven J. Presley

Faculty Publications

Identification of mechanisms that shape parasite community and metacommunity structures have important implications to host health, disease transmission, and the understanding of community assembly in general. Using a long-term dataset on parasites from desert rodents, we examined the relative contributions of host traits that represent important aspects of parasite environment, transmission probability between host species, and host phylogeny to the structure of a parasite metacommunity as well as for taxonomically restricted parasite metacommunities (coccidians, ectoparasites and helminths). This was done using a combination of metacommunity analysis and variance partitioning based on canonical correspondence analysis. Coccidian and ectoparasite metacommunities did not …

Nitrate Enrichment Alters A Daphnia-Microparasite Interaction Through Multiple Pathways, Tad Dallas, John M. Drake

Faculty Publications

© 2013 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Nutrient pollution has the potential to alter many ecological interactions, including host-parasite relationships. One of the largest sources of nutrient pollution comes from anthropogenic alteration of the nitrogen (N) cycle, specifically the increased rate of nitrate (NO3 -N) deposition to aquatic environments, potentially altering host-parasite relationships. This study aimed to assess the mechanisms through which nitrate may impact host-pathogen relationships using a fungal pathogen (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) parasitic to crustacean zooplankton (Daphnia dentifera) as a tractable model system. First, the influence of nitrate on host population dynamics …

Sexual Differences Of Imprinted Genes' Expression Levels, Mohammad Faisal, Hana Kim, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

In mammals, genomic imprinting has evolved as a dosage-controlling mechanism for a subset of genes that play critical roles in their unusual reproduction scheme involving viviparity and placentation. As such, many imprinted genes are highly expressed in sex-specific reproductive organs. In the current study, we sought to test whether imprinted genes are differentially expressed between the two sexes. According to the results, the expression levels of the following genes differ between the two sexes of mice: Peg3, Zim1, Igf2, H19 and Zac1. The expression levels of these imprinted genes are usually greater in males than in females. This bias is …

Urban Microbiomes And Urban Ecology: How Do Microbes In The Built Environment Affect Human Sustainability In Cities?, Gary M. King

Faculty Publications

© 2014, The Microbiological Society of Korea and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Humans increasingly occupy cities. Globally, about 50% of the total human population lives in urban environments, and in spite of some trends for deurbanization, the transition from rural to urban life is expected to accelerate in the future, especially in developing nations and regions. The Republic of Korea, for example, has witnessed a dramatic rise in its urban population, which now accounts for nearly 90% of all residents; the increase from about 29% in 1955 has been attributed to multiple factors, but has clearly been driven by extraordinary growth …

Genetic Species Delineation Among Branching Caribbean Porites Corals, C. Prada, M. B. De Biasse, J. E. Neigel, B. Yednock, J. L. Stake, Z. H. Forsman, I. B. Baums, M. E. Hellberg

Faculty Publications

© 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Coral species are difficult to discern because of their morphological plasticity, long generation times, and slow rates of mitochondrial DNA evolution. Among Caribbean representatives of the genus Porites are three named species (P. divaricata, P. furcata, and P. porites) with branching colony morphologies whose validity as genetically isolated species has been debated. We present sequence data from the mitochondrial control region, nuclear ITS, and nine single-copy nuclear loci for the Caribbean Porites and a related eastern Pacific species. mtDNA sequences were nearly invariant among the three branching species and their crustose sister P. branneri, and …

Optimized Inhibitors Of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Improve In Vitro Target Residence Time And In Vivo Efficacy, Kin Sing Stephen Lee, Jun Yan Liu, Karen M. Wagner, Svetlana Pakhomova, Hua Dong, Christophe Morisseau, Samuel H. Fu, Jun Yang, Peng Wang, Arzu Ulu, Christina A. Mate, Long V. Nguyen, Sung Hee Hwang, Matthew L. Edin, Alexandria A. Mara, Heike Wulff, Marcia E. Newcomer, Darryl C. Zeldin, Bruce D. Hammock

Faculty Publications

Diabetes is affecting the life of millions of people. A large proportion of diabetic patients suffer from severe complications such as neuropathic pain, and current treatments for these complications have deleterious side effects. Thus, alternate therapeutic strategies are needed. Recently, the elevation of epoxy-fatty acids through inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) was shown to reduce diabetic neuropathic pain in rodents. In this report, we describe a series of newly synthesized sEH inhibitors with at least 5-fold higher potency and doubled residence time inside both the human and rodent sEH enzyme than previously reported inhibitors. These inhibitors also have better …

Phylogeny, Classification, And Fruit Evolution Of The Species-Rich Neotropical Bellflowers (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae), Laura P. Lagomarsino, Alexandre Antonelli, Nathan Muchhala, Allan Timmermann, Sarah Mathews, Charles C. Davis

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Botanical Society of America. Premise of the study: The species-rich Neotropical genera Centropogon, Burmeistera, and Siphocampylus represent more than half of the ∼1200 species in the subfamily Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae). They exhibit remarkable morphological variation in floral morphology and habit. Limited taxon sampling and phylogenetic resolution, however, obscures our understanding of relationships between and within these genera and underscores our uncertainty of the systematic value of fruit type as a major diagnostic character.Methods: We inferred a phylogeny from five plastid DNA regions (rpl32-trnL, ndhF-rpl32, rps16-trnK, trnG-trnG-trns, rbcL) using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference. Ancestral character reconstructions were applied to infer …

African Arrivals And Transformations, Andrew Sluyter

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Biodistribution Of Plga And Plga/Chitosan Nanoparticles After Repeat-Dose Oral Delivery In F344 Rats For 7 Days, Sara M. Navarro, Caleb Darensbourg, Linda Cross, Rhett Stout, Diana Coulon, Carlos E. Astete, Timothy Morgan, Cristina M. Sabliov

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Future Science Ltd. Aim: To quantify in vivo the biodistribution of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and PLGA/chitosan nanoparticles (PLGA/Chi NPs) and assess if the positive charge of chitosan significantly enhances nanoparticle absorption in the GI tract.Material & methods: PLGA and PLGA/Chi NPs covalently linked to tetramethylrhodamine-5-isothiocyanate (TRITC) were orally administered to F344 rats for 7 days, and the biodistribution of fluorescent NPs was analyzed in different organs.Results: The highest amount of particles (% total dose/g) was detected for both treatments in the spleen, followed by intestine and kidney, and then by liver, lung, heart and brain, with no significant …

Biodistribution Of Plga And Plga/Chitosan Nanoparticles After Repeat-Dose Oral Delivery In F344 Rats For 7 Days, Sara M. Navarro, Caleb Darensbourg, Linda Cross, Rhett Stout, Diana Coulon, Carlos E. Astete, Timothy Morgan, Cristina M. Sabliov

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Future Science Ltd. Aim: To quantify in vivo the biodistribution of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and PLGA/chitosan nanoparticles (PLGA/Chi NPs) and assess if the positive charge of chitosan significantly enhances nanoparticle absorption in the GI tract.Material & methods: PLGA and PLGA/Chi NPs covalently linked to tetramethylrhodamine-5-isothiocyanate (TRITC) were orally administered to F344 rats for 7 days, and the biodistribution of fluorescent NPs was analyzed in different organs.Results: The highest amount of particles (% total dose/g) was detected for both treatments in the spleen, followed by intestine and kidney, and then by liver, lung, heart and brain, with no significant …

Ruminant Self-Medication Against Gastrointestinal Nematodes: Evidence, Mechanism, And Origins Ẫ†, Juan J. Villalba, James Miller, Eugene D. Ungar, Serge Y. Landau, John Glendinning

Faculty Publications

Gastrointestinal helminths challenge ruminants in ways that reduce their fitness. In turn, ruminants have evolved physiological and behavioral adaptations that counteract this challenge. Ruminants display anorexia and avoidance behaviors, which tend to reduce the incidence of parasitism. In addition, ruminants appear to learn to self-medicate against gastrointestinal parasites by increasing consumption of plant secondary compounds with antiparasitic actions. This selective feeding improves health and fitness. Here, we review the evidence for self-medication in ruminants, propose a hypothesis to explain self-medicative behaviors (based on post-ingestive consequences), and discuss mechanisms (e.g., enhanced neophilia, social transmission) that may underlie the ontogeny and spread …

Evaluation Of Alfalfa Inter-Seeding Effect On Bahiagrass Baleage Fermentation And Lactating Holstein Performance, Michael E. Mccormick, Kun Jun Han, Vinicius R. Moreira, David C. Blouin

Faculty Publications

© 2014 McCormick et al. Background: Previous research indicates that bahiagrass may be successfully conserved as baleage, but nutritive value is typically low for lactating dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding modest amounts of alfalfa forage (22%), achieved by inter-seeding alfalfa into an existing bahiagrass pasture, on baleage nutritive value and lactation performance of Holstein cows. Forage treatments employed were monoculture bahiagrass baleage (MBB; negative control), bahiagrass-alfalfa mixture baleage (BAB) and conventional corn silage (CCS; positive control). Thirty six mid lactation Holstein cows [34.8 ± 5.8 kg 3.5% fat-corrected milk and 112 …

Group 3 Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins From Embryos Of Artemia Franciscana: Structural Properties And Protective Abilities During Desiccation, Leaf C. Boswell, Michael A. Menze, Steven C. Hand

Faculty Publications

© 2014 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Group 3 late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are highly hydrophilic, and their expression is associated with desiccation tolerance in both plants and animals. Here we show that two LEA proteins from embryos of Artemia franciscana, AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m, are intrinsically disordered in solution but upon desiccation gain secondary structure, as measured by circular dichroism. Trifluoroethanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate are both shown to induce a-helical structure in AfrLEA2 and AfrLEA3m. Bioinformatic predictions of secondary-structure content for both proteins correspond most closely to conformations measured in the dry state. Because some …

Quantification Of Cellular Protein Expression And Molecular Features Of Group 3 Lea Proteins From Embryos Of Artemia Franciscana, Leaf C. Boswell, Daniel S. Moore, Steven C. Hand

Faculty Publications

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are highly hydrophilic, low complexity proteins whose expression has been correlated with desiccation tolerance in anhydrobiotic organisms. Here, we report the identification of three new mitochondrial LEA proteins in anhydrobiotic embryos of Artemia franciscana, AfrLEA3m-47, AfrLEA3m-43, and AfrLEA3m-29. These new isoforms are recognized by antibody raised against recombinant AfrLEA3m, the original mitochondrial-targeted LEA protein previously reported from these embryos; mass spectrometry confirms all four proteins share sequence similarity. The corresponding messenger RNA (mRNA) species for the four proteins are readily amplified from total complementary DNA (cDNA) prepared from embryos. cDNA sequences of the four mRNAs …

Modulation Of Vacuolar Ph Is Required For Replication Of Edwardsiella Ictaluri In Channel Catfish Macrophages, Wes A. Baumgartner, Lidiya Dubytska, Matthew L. Rogge, Peter J. Mottram, Ronald L. Thune

Faculty Publications

Previous in vitro work demonstrated that Edwardsiella ictaluri produces an acid-activated urease that can modulate environmental pH through the production of ammonia from urea. Additional work revealed that expression of the E. ictaluri type III secretion system (T3SS) is upregulated by acidic pH. Both the urease and the T3SS were previously shown to be essential to intracellular replication. In this work, fluorescence microscopy with LysoTracker Red DND-99 (LTR) indicated that E. ictaluri-containing vacuoles (ECV) became acidified following ingestion by head kidney-derived macrophages (HKDM). In vivo ratiometric imaging demonstrated a lowered ECV pH, which fell to as low as pH 4 …

Kif3a Promotes Proliferation And Invasion Via Wnt Signaling In Advanced Prostate Cancer, Zun Liu, Ryan E. Rebowe, Zemin Wang, Yingchun Li, Zehua Wang, John S. Depaolo, Jianhui Guo, Chiping Qian, Wanguo Liu

Faculty Publications

Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a critical event in advanced prostate cancer, but the genetic alterations that activate theWnt signaling pathway in many other cancers are rarely observed in prostate cancer. Other molecular mechanisms that regulate the Wnt signaling pathway in prostate cancer remain to be identified. Here, it is demonstrated that KIF3a, a subunit of kinesin-II motor protein, functions as an agonist of the Wnt signaling pathway in prostate cancer. KIF3a is upregulated in the majority of human prostate cancer cell lines and primary tumor biopsies. The expression levels of KIF3a correlate with a higher Gleason …

Host Range Tests Reveal Paectes Longiformis Is Not A Suitable Biological Control Agent For The Invasive Plant Schinus Terebinthifolia, Veronica Manrique, Rodrigo Diaz, Todd Condon, W. A. Overholt

Faculty Publications

© 2014, International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). The most critical step during a weed biological control program is determination of a candidate agent’s host range. Despite rigorous protocols and extensive testing, there are still concerns over potential non-target effects following field releases. With the objective to improve risk assessment in biological control, no-choice and choice testing followed by a multiple generation study were conducted on the leaf-defoliator, Paectes longiformis Pogue (Lepidoptera: Euteliidae). This moth is being investigated as a biological control agent of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), which is one of the worst invasive plant species in Florida, …

Temperature-Dependent Development, Cold Tolerance, And Potential Distribution Of Cricotopus Lebetis (Diptera: Chironomidae), A Tip Miner Of Hydrilla Verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae), Karen N. Stratman, William A. Overholt, James P. Cuda, A. Mukherjee, R. Diaz, Michael D. Netherland, Patrick C. Wilson

Faculty Publications

© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of America. A chironomid midge, Cricotopus lebetis (Sublette) (Diptera: Chironomidae), was discovered attacking the apical meristems of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f. Royle) in Crystal River, Citrus Co., Florida in 1992. The larvae mine the stems of H. verticillata and cause basal branching and stunting of the plant. Temperature-dependent development, cold tolerance, and the potential distribution of the midge were investigated. The results of the temperature-dependent development study showed that optimal temperatures for larval development were between 20 and 30°C, and these data were used to construct …