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Host And Symbionts In Pocillopora Damicornis Larvae Display Different Transcriptomic Responses To Ocean Acidification And Warming, Emily B. Rivest, Morgan W. Kelly, Melissa B. Debiasse, Gretchen E. Hofmann May 2018

Host And Symbionts In Pocillopora Damicornis Larvae Display Different Transcriptomic Responses To Ocean Acidification And Warming, Emily B. Rivest, Morgan W. Kelly, Melissa B. Debiasse, Gretchen E. Hofmann

Faculty Publications

© Copyright © 2018 Rivest, Kelly, DeBiasse and Hofmann. As global ocean change progresses, reef-building corals and their early life history stages will rely on physiological plasticity to tolerate new environmental conditions. Larvae from brooding coral species contain algal symbionts upon release, which assist with the energy requirements of dispersal and metamorphosis. Global ocean change threatens the success of larval dispersal and settlement by challenging the performance of the larvae and of the symbiosis. In this study, larvae of the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis were exposed to elevated pCO2 and temperature to examine the performance of the coral and its …

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Hypoxia-Targeted Gold Nanorods For Cancer Photothermal Therapy, Yuan Chen, Xiaomei Bian, Maureen Aliru, Amit A. Deorukhkar, Oscar Ekpenyong, Su Liang, Jyothy John, Jing Ma, Xiuqing Gao, Jon Schwartz, Pankaj Singh, Yuanqing Ye, Sunil Krishnan, Huan Xie May 2018

Hypoxia-Targeted Gold Nanorods For Cancer Photothermal Therapy, Yuan Chen, Xiaomei Bian, Maureen Aliru, Amit A. Deorukhkar, Oscar Ekpenyong, Su Liang, Jyothy John, Jing Ma, Xiuqing Gao, Jon Schwartz, Pankaj Singh, Yuanqing Ye, Sunil Krishnan, Huan Xie

Faculty Publications

Tumor hypoxia is a well-recognized driver of resistance to traditional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. We describe development of a new nanoconstruct composed of gold nanorods (GNRs) conjugated to carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) antibody that specifically binds to CAIX, a biomarker of hypoxia, to facilitate targeting tumor hypoxic areas for focused photothermal ablation. Physicochemical characterization studies confirmed the size, shape, monodispersity, surface charge, and serum stability of the GNRs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and cellular binding and uptake studies confirmed successful conjugation of antibody to the GNRs and specificity for CAIX. Near-infrared irradiation of CAIX-overexpressing cells treated with …

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Effects Of Irradiation Dose On Sperm Production, Insemination, And Male Mating Possible Period In The Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Brentidae), Satoshi Hiroyoshi, Takayuki Mistunaga, Tsuguo Kohama, Gadi V.P. Reddy May 2018

Effects Of Irradiation Dose On Sperm Production, Insemination, And Male Mating Possible Period In The Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Brentidae), Satoshi Hiroyoshi, Takayuki Mistunaga, Tsuguo Kohama, Gadi V.P. Reddy

Faculty Publications

The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been used for the control or eradication of target insect pests. To successfully apply SIT, it is very important to clarify the effect of irradiation on male reproduction in the target pest, because their mating and spermiogenesis abilities affect the success of eradication program. The sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) is a notorious and worldwide pest of sweet potato. We investigated the effect of irradiation at five doses ranging from 0 (control) to 150 Gy on 9-d-old males. Survival rate of the control (no treatment) remained high from day 10 to 20 …

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Multiple Origins Of Green Blood In New Guinea Lizards, Zachary B. Rodriguez, Susan L. Perkins, Christopher C. Austin May 2018

Multiple Origins Of Green Blood In New Guinea Lizards, Zachary B. Rodriguez, Susan L. Perkins, Christopher C. Austin

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Authors. Several species of lizards from the megadiverse island of New Guinea have evolved green blood. An unusually high concentration of the green bile pigment biliverdin in the circulatory system of these lizards makes the blood, muscles, bones, tongue, and mucosal tissues bright green in color, eclipsing the crimson color from their red blood cells. This is a remarkable physiological feature because bile pigments are toxic physiological waste products of red blood cell catabolism and, when chronically elevated, cause jaundice in humans and all other vertebrates. Although these lizards offer a promising system to examine the evolution …

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Preoptic Leptin Signaling Modulates Energy Balance Independent Of Body Temperature Regulation, Sangho Yu, Helia Cheng, Marie François, Emily Qualls-Creekmore, Clara Huesing, Yanlin He, Yanyan Jiang, Hong Gao, Yong Xu, Andrea Zsombok, Andrei V. Derbenev, Eduardo A. Nillni, David H. Burk, Christopher D. Morrison, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, Heike Münzberg May 2018

Preoptic Leptin Signaling Modulates Energy Balance Independent Of Body Temperature Regulation, Sangho Yu, Helia Cheng, Marie François, Emily Qualls-Creekmore, Clara Huesing, Yanlin He, Yanyan Jiang, Hong Gao, Yong Xu, Andrea Zsombok, Andrei V. Derbenev, Eduardo A. Nillni, David H. Burk, Christopher D. Morrison, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, Heike Münzberg

Faculty Publications

© Yu et al. The adipokine leptin acts on the brain to regulate energy balance but specific functions in many brain areas remain poorly understood. Among these, the preoptic area (POA) is well known to regulate core body temperature by controlling brown fat thermogenesis, and we have previously shown that glutamatergic, long-form leptin receptor (Lepr)-expressing neurons in the POA are stimulated by warm ambient temperature and suppress energy expenditure and food intake. Here we further investigate the role of POA leptin signaling in body weight regulation and its relationship to body temperature regulation in mice. We show that POA Lepr …

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Adiponectin Reduces Bone Stiffness: Verified In A Three-Dimensional Artificial Human Bone Model In Vitro, Sigrid Haugen, Jianying He, Alamelu Sundaresan, Astrid Kamilla Stunes, Kristin Matre Aasarød, Hanna Tiainen, Unni Syversen, Bjørn Skallerud, Janne Elin Reseland May 2018

Adiponectin Reduces Bone Stiffness: Verified In A Three-Dimensional Artificial Human Bone Model In Vitro, Sigrid Haugen, Jianying He, Alamelu Sundaresan, Astrid Kamilla Stunes, Kristin Matre Aasarød, Hanna Tiainen, Unni Syversen, Bjørn Skallerud, Janne Elin Reseland

Faculty Publications

Primary human osteoblasts and osteoclasts incubated in a rotating coculture system without any scaffolding material, form bone-like tissue that may be used to evaluate effects of various compounds on mechanical strength. Circulating adiponectin has been found to be negatively associated with BMD and strength and was therefore assessed in this system. Osteospheres of human osteoblasts and osteoclasts were generated with and without adiponectin. The osteospheres were scanned using micro-computed tomography, the mechanical properties were tested by flat punch compression using nanoindentation equipment, and the cellular morphology characterized by microscopy. The association between autologously produced adiponectin and biomechanical properties was further …

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Direct Determination Of Hydroxymethyl Conformations Of Plant Cell Wall Cellulose Using 1 H Polarization Transfer Solid-State Nmr, Pyae Phyo, Tuo Wang, Yu Yang, Hugh O'Neill, Mei Hong May 2018

Direct Determination Of Hydroxymethyl Conformations Of Plant Cell Wall Cellulose Using 1 H Polarization Transfer Solid-State Nmr, Pyae Phyo, Tuo Wang, Yu Yang, Hugh O'Neill, Mei Hong

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society. In contrast to the well-studied crystalline cellulose of microbial and animal origins, cellulose in plant cell walls is disordered due to its interactions with matrix polysaccharides. Plant cell wall (PCW) is an undisputed source of sustainable global energy; therefore, it is important to determine the molecular structure of PCW cellulose. The most reactive component of cellulose is the exocyclic hydroxymethyl group: when it adopts the tg conformation, it stabilizes intrachain and interchain hydrogen bonding, while gt and gg conformations destabilize the hydrogen-bonding network. So far, information about the hydroxymethyl conformation in cellulose has been …

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Baseline Effects Of Lysophosphatidylcholine And Nerve Growth Factor In A Rat Model Of Sciatic Nerve Regeneration After Crush Injury, Ryan L. Wood, Keaton S. Karlinsey, Austin D. Thompson, Mark N. Rigby, Greggory D. Boatright, William G. Pitt, Beverly L. Roeder, Scott C. Steffersen, Alonzo D. Cook May 2018

Baseline Effects Of Lysophosphatidylcholine And Nerve Growth Factor In A Rat Model Of Sciatic Nerve Regeneration After Crush Injury, Ryan L. Wood, Keaton S. Karlinsey, Austin D. Thompson, Mark N. Rigby, Greggory D. Boatright, William G. Pitt, Beverly L. Roeder, Scott C. Steffersen, Alonzo D. Cook

Faculty Publications

Schwann cells play a major role in helping heal injured nerves. They help clear debris, produce neurotrophins, upregulate neurotrophin receptors, and form bands of Büngner to guide the healing nerve. But nerves do not always produce enough neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors to repair themselves. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an important neurotrophin for promoting nerve healing and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) has been shown to stimulate NGF receptors (NGFR). This study tested the administration of a single intraneural injection of LPC (1 mg/mL for single LPC injection and 10 mg/mL for multiple LPC injections) at day 0 and one (day 7), two …

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Challenging Local Realism With Human Choices, C. Abellán, A. Acín, A. Alarcón, O. Alibart, C. K. Andersen, F. Andreoli, A. Beckert, F. A. Beduini, A. Bendersky, M. Bentivegna, P. Bierhorst, D. Burchardt, A. Cabello, J. Cariñe, S. Carrasco, G. Carvacho, D. Cavalcanti, R. Chaves, J. Cortés-Vega, A. Cuevas, A. Delgado, H. De Riedmatten, C. Eichler, P. Farrera, J. Fuenzalida, M. García-Matos, R. Garthoff, S. Gasparinetti, T. Gerrits, F. Ghafari Jouneghani, S. Glancy, E. S. Gómez, P. González May 2018

Challenging Local Realism With Human Choices, C. Abellán, A. Acín, A. Alarcón, O. Alibart, C. K. Andersen, F. Andreoli, A. Beckert, F. A. Beduini, A. Bendersky, M. Bentivegna, P. Bierhorst, D. Burchardt, A. Cabello, J. Cariñe, S. Carrasco, G. Carvacho, D. Cavalcanti, R. Chaves, J. Cortés-Vega, A. Cuevas, A. Delgado, H. De Riedmatten, C. Eichler, P. Farrera, J. Fuenzalida, M. García-Matos, R. Garthoff, S. Gasparinetti, T. Gerrits, F. Ghafari Jouneghani, S. Glancy, E. S. Gómez, P. González

Faculty Publications

A Bell test is a randomized trial that compares experimental observations against the philosophical worldview of local realism 1, in which the properties of the physical world are independent of our observation of them and no signal travels faster than light. A Bell test requires spatially distributed entanglement, fast and high-efficiency detection and unpredictable measurement settings 2,3 . Although technology can satisfy the first two of these requirements 4-7, the use of physical devices to choose settings in a Bell test involves making assumptions about the physics that one aims to test. Bell himself noted this weakness in using physical …

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Peta, Rhetorical Fracture, And The Power Of Digital Activism, Ashli Q. Stokes, Wendy Atkins-Sayre May 2018

Peta, Rhetorical Fracture, And The Power Of Digital Activism, Ashli Q. Stokes, Wendy Atkins-Sayre

Faculty Publications

Starting in 2013, SeaWorld faced a public relations disaster with the release of the documentary titled Blackfish that accused the company of mistreatment of its orcas. SeaWorld attempted to respond and rebuild its credibility, but activist group ‘People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals’ (PETA) doubled down on the corporation through its rhetorical shock tactics, deepening the organization’s woes. The PETA/SeaWorld controversy does more than provide another example of poor corporate public relations decision-making made in light of an activist group’s savvy use of digital technology. We argue that the case helps explain how digital technologies fundamentally change activism, whereby …

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Toxicity Of Selected Acaricides To Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) And Varroa (Varroa Destructor Anderson And Trueman) And Their Use In Controlling Varroa Within Honey Bee Colonies, Aleš Gregorc, Mohamed Alburaki, Blair Sampson, John Adamczyk May 2018

Toxicity Of Selected Acaricides To Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) And Varroa (Varroa Destructor Anderson And Trueman) And Their Use In Controlling Varroa Within Honey Bee Colonies, Aleš Gregorc, Mohamed Alburaki, Blair Sampson, John Adamczyk

Faculty Publications

The efficacies of various acaricides in order to control a parasitic mite, the Varroa mite, Varroa destructor, of honey bees, were measured in two different settings, namely, in laboratory caged honey bees and in queen-right honey bee colonies. The Varroa infestation levels before, during, and after the acaricide treatments were determined in two ways, namely: (1) using the sugar shake protocol to count mites on bees and (2) directly counting the dead mites on the hive bottom inserts. The acaricides that were evaluated were coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate, amitraz, thymol, and natural plant compounds (hop acids), which were the active ingredients. The …

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The Application Of Lean Six-Sigma In Food Security And Food Safety: A Lss Strategy For Small Holder Farmers, Chad Laux, Rohit Sabharwal May 2018

The Application Of Lean Six-Sigma In Food Security And Food Safety: A Lss Strategy For Small Holder Farmers, Chad Laux, Rohit Sabharwal

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study is to urge smallholder farmers and regional food production companies of developing nations, with particular focus on SHF’s to increase their food production by switching to LSS (Lean Six Sigma) tools to ensure optimal production, improved storage and handling of food quality.

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Genetic Parameters For Ewe Reproductive Performance And Peri-Parturient Fecal Egg Counts And Their Genetic Relationships With Lamb Body Weights And Fecal Egg Counts In Katahdin Sheep, David R. Notter, Lauretta Ngere, Joan M. Burke, James E. Miller, James L.M. Morgan May 2018

Genetic Parameters For Ewe Reproductive Performance And Peri-Parturient Fecal Egg Counts And Their Genetic Relationships With Lamb Body Weights And Fecal Egg Counts In Katahdin Sheep, David R. Notter, Lauretta Ngere, Joan M. Burke, James E. Miller, James L.M. Morgan

Faculty Publications

© The Author(s) 2018. This study estimated genetic parameters for ewe reproductive traits [number of lambs born (NLB) and weaned (NLW) per ewe lambing] and fecal egg counts (FEC) during the peri-parturient rise (PPR) for use in genetic evaluation of Katahdin sheep. Data included NLB and NLW for 23,060 lambings by 9,295 Katahdin ewes, 1,230 PPR at lambing (PPR0) for 750 ewes, 1,070 PPR at approximately 30 d postpartum (PPR30) for 611 ewes, BW at birth, weaning, and (or) post-weaning for 12,869 lambs, and FEC at weaning and (or) post-weaning for 4,676 lambs. Direct additive, permanent environmental, and residual (co)variances …

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Genetic Parameters For Fecal Egg Counts And Their Relationship With Body Weights In Katahdin Lambs, L. Ngere, J. M. Burke, J. L.M. Morgan, J. E. Miller, D. R. Notter May 2018

Genetic Parameters For Fecal Egg Counts And Their Relationship With Body Weights In Katahdin Lambs, L. Ngere, J. M. Burke, J. L.M. Morgan, J. E. Miller, D. R. Notter

Faculty Publications

© The Author(s) 2018. Reliance on anthelmintic drugs to control internal parasites in sheep is no longer sustainable because of the development of resistance to these drugs in parasite populations. Genetic selection may offer an alternative long-term solution, as differences in parasite resistance exist both within and among sheep breeds. However, selection for parasite resistance may have correlated effects on other production traits. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for weaning (WFEC) and postweaning (PWFEC) fecal egg counts (FEC) and assess their relationship with birth (BWT), weaning (WWT), and postweaning (PWWT) BW in Katahdin lambs. The …

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Radical Containing Combustion Derived Particulate Matter Enhance Pulmonary Th17 Inflammation Via The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, Sridhar Jaligama, Vivek S. Patel, Pingli Wang, Asmaa Sallam, Jeffrey Harding, Matthew Kelley, Skylar R. Mancuso, Tammy R. Dugas, Stephania A. Cormier May 2018

Radical Containing Combustion Derived Particulate Matter Enhance Pulmonary Th17 Inflammation Via The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, Sridhar Jaligama, Vivek S. Patel, Pingli Wang, Asmaa Sallam, Jeffrey Harding, Matthew Kelley, Skylar R. Mancuso, Tammy R. Dugas, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Pollutant particles containing environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are formed during many combustion processes (e.g. thermal remediation of hazardous wastes, diesel/gasoline combustion, wood smoke, cigarette smoke, etc.). Our previous studies demonstrated that acute exposure to EPFRs results in dendritic cell maturation and Th17-biased pulmonary immune responses. Further, in a mouse model of asthma, these responses were enhanced suggesting exposure to EPFRs as a risk factor for the development and/or exacerbation of asthma. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been shown to play a role in the differentiation of Th17 cells. In the current study, we …

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Dietary Diversity Predicts The Adequacy Of Micronutrient Intake In Pregnant Adolescent Girls And Women In Bangladesh, But Use Of The 5-Group Cutoff Poorly Identifies Individuals With Inadequate Intake, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Lieven Huybregts, Tina G. Sanghvi, Lan Mai Tran, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Purnima Menon, Marie T. Ruel May 2018

Dietary Diversity Predicts The Adequacy Of Micronutrient Intake In Pregnant Adolescent Girls And Women In Bangladesh, But Use Of The 5-Group Cutoff Poorly Identifies Individuals With Inadequate Intake, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Lieven Huybregts, Tina G. Sanghvi, Lan Mai Tran, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Purnima Menon, Marie T. Ruel

Faculty Publications

Background: The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) indicator based on a 10-food group women dietary diversity score (WDDS-10) has been validated to assess dietary quality in nonpregnant women. Little is known about its applicability in pregnant women, and specifically pregnant adolescent girls with higher nutrient requirements. Objectives: This study aimed to 1) compare the adequacy of micronutrient intakes between pregnant adolescent girls and women, 2) examine the performance of WDDS-10 in predicting the mean probability of adequacy (MPA) of 11 micronutrients, and 3) assess how well the MDD-W cutoff of 5 groups performed in pregnant adolescent girls and women. …

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Reduced Satellite Cell Density And Myogenesis In Wagyu Compared With Angus Cattle As A Possible Explanation Of Its High Marbling, X. Fu, Q. Yang, B. Wang, J. Zhao, M. Zhu, S. M. Parish, M. Du May 2018

Reduced Satellite Cell Density And Myogenesis In Wagyu Compared With Angus Cattle As A Possible Explanation Of Its High Marbling, X. Fu, Q. Yang, B. Wang, J. Zhao, M. Zhu, S. M. Parish, M. Du

Faculty Publications

© The Animal Consortium 2017. Mechanisms responsible for excellent marbling in Japanese black cattle, Wagyu, remain to be established. Because both muscle cells and intramuscular adipocytes are developed from mesenchymal progenitor cells during early muscle development, we hypothesized that intramuscular progenitor cells in Wagyu cattle have attenuated myogenic capacity in favor of adipogenesis, leading to high marbling but reduced muscle growth. Biceps femoris muscle biopsy samples were obtained from both Angus (n=3) and Wagyu (n=3) cattle at 12 months of age. Compared with Angus, the density of satellite cells was much lower in Wagyu muscle (by 45.8±10%, P<0.05). Consistently, the formation of myotubes from muscle-derived progenitor cells was also lower (by 64.2±12.9%, P<0.05), but adipogenic capacity was greater in Wagyu. The average muscle fiber diameter was larger in Wagyu (by 23.9±6.8%, P=0.089) despite less muscle mass, suggesting less muscle fiber formation in Wagyu compared with Angus cattle. Because satellite cells are derived from fetal myogenic cells, the reduction in satellite cell density together with lower muscle fiber formation suggests that myogenesis was attenuated during early muscle development in Wagyu cattle. Given the shared pool of mesenchymal progenitor cells, the attenuated myogenesis likely shifts progenitor cells to adipogenesis during early development, which may contribute to high intramuscular adipocyte formation in Wagyu cattle.

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Specialized Fibroblast Differentiated States Underlie Scar Formation In The Infarcted Mouse Heart, Xing Fu, Hadi Khalil, Onur Kanisicak, Justin G. Boyer, Ronald J. Vagnozzi, Bryan D. Maliken, Michelle A. Sargent, Vikram Prasad, Iñigo Valiente-Alandi, Burns C. Blaxall, Jeffery D. Molkentin May 2018

Specialized Fibroblast Differentiated States Underlie Scar Formation In The Infarcted Mouse Heart, Xing Fu, Hadi Khalil, Onur Kanisicak, Justin G. Boyer, Ronald J. Vagnozzi, Bryan D. Maliken, Michelle A. Sargent, Vikram Prasad, Iñigo Valiente-Alandi, Burns C. Blaxall, Jeffery D. Molkentin

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Academic Press. All rights reserved. Fibroblasts are a dynamic cell type that achieve selective differentiated states to mediate acute wound healing and long-term tissue remodeling with scarring. With myocardial infarction injury, cardiomyocytes are replaced by secreted extracellular matrix proteins produced by proliferating and differentiating fibroblasts. Here, we employed 3 different mouse lineage-tracing models and stage-specific gene profiling to phenotypically analyze and classify resident cardiac fibroblast dynamics during myocardial infarction injury and stable scar formation. Fibroblasts were activated and highly proliferative, reaching a maximum rate within 2 to 4 days after infarction injury, at which point they expanded 3.5-fold …

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Allele And Dosage Specificity Of The Peg3 Imprinted Domain, Corey L. Bretz, Wesley D. Frey, Ryoichi Teruyama, Joomyeong Kim May 2018

Allele And Dosage Specificity Of The Peg3 Imprinted Domain, Corey L. Bretz, Wesley D. Frey, Ryoichi Teruyama, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Bretz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The biological impetus for gene dosage and allele specificity of mammalian imprinted genes is not fully understood. To address this, we generated and analyzed four sets of mice from a single breeding scheme with varying allelic expression and gene dosage of the Peg3 domain. The mutants with abrogation of the two paternally expressed genes, Peg3 and Usp29, showed a significant decrease …

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Health Insurance Coverage With Or Without A Nurse-Led Task Shifting Strategy For Hypertension Control: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Trial In Ghana, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Joyce Gyamfi, William Chaplin, Michael Ntim, Kingsley Apusiga, Juliet Iwelunmor, Kwasi Yeboah Awudzi, Kofi Nana Quakyi, Jazmin Mogaverro, Kiran Khurshid, Bamidele Tayo, Richard Cooper May 2018

Health Insurance Coverage With Or Without A Nurse-Led Task Shifting Strategy For Hypertension Control: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Trial In Ghana, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Joyce Gyamfi, William Chaplin, Michael Ntim, Kingsley Apusiga, Juliet Iwelunmor, Kwasi Yeboah Awudzi, Kofi Nana Quakyi, Jazmin Mogaverro, Kiran Khurshid, Bamidele Tayo, Richard Cooper

Faculty Publications

Background: Poor access to care and physician shortage are major barriers to hypertension control in sub-Saharan Africa. Implementation of evidence-based systems-level strategies targeted at these barriers are lacking. We conducted a study to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of provision of health insurance coverage (HIC) alone versus a nurse-led task shifting strategy for hypertension control (TASSH) plus HIC on systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction among patients with uncontrolled hypertension in Ghana. Methods and findings: Using a pragmatic cluster randomized trial, 32 community health centers within Ghana’s public healthcare system were randomly assigned to either HIC alone or TASSH + HIC. A …

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Climate Change And An Invasive, Tropical Milkweed: An Ecological Trap For Monarch Butterflies, Matthew J. Faldyn, Mark D. Hunter, Bret D. Elderd May 2018

Climate Change And An Invasive, Tropical Milkweed: An Ecological Trap For Monarch Butterflies, Matthew J. Faldyn, Mark D. Hunter, Bret D. Elderd

Faculty Publications

© 2018 by the Ecological Society of America While it is well established that climate change affects species distributions and abundances, the impacts of climate change on species interactions has not been extensively studied. This is particularly important for specialists whose interactions are tightly linked, such as between the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and the plant genus Asclepias, on which it depends. We used open-top chambers (OTCs) to increase temperatures in experimental plots and placed either nonnative Asclepias curassavica or native A. incarnata in each plot along with monarch larvae. We found, under current climatic conditions, adult monarchs had higher …

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Spatial Dynamics And Mixing Of Bluefin Tuna In The Atlantic Ocean And Mediterranean Sea Revealed Using Next-Generation Sequencing, Gregory N. Puncher, Alessia Cariani, Gregory E. Maes, Jeroen Van Houdt, Koen Herten, Rita Cannas, Naiara Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Aitor Albania, Andone Estonba, Molly Lutcavage, Alex Hanke, Jay Rooker, James S. Franks, Joseph M. Quattro, Gualtiero Basilone, Igaratza Fraile, Urtzi Laconcha, Nicolas Goñi, Ai Kimoto, David Macías, Francisco Alemany, Simeon Deguara, Salem W. Zgozi, Fulvio Garibaldi, Isik K. Oray, Firdes Saadet Karakulak, Noureddine Abid, Miguel N. Santos, Piero Addis, Haritz Arrizabalaga, Fausto Tinti May 2018

Spatial Dynamics And Mixing Of Bluefin Tuna In The Atlantic Ocean And Mediterranean Sea Revealed Using Next-Generation Sequencing, Gregory N. Puncher, Alessia Cariani, Gregory E. Maes, Jeroen Van Houdt, Koen Herten, Rita Cannas, Naiara Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Aitor Albania, Andone Estonba, Molly Lutcavage, Alex Hanke, Jay Rooker, James S. Franks, Joseph M. Quattro, Gualtiero Basilone, Igaratza Fraile, Urtzi Laconcha, Nicolas Goñi, Ai Kimoto, David Macías, Francisco Alemany, Simeon Deguara, Salem W. Zgozi, Fulvio Garibaldi, Isik K. Oray, Firdes Saadet Karakulak, Noureddine Abid, Miguel N. Santos, Piero Addis, Haritz Arrizabalaga, Fausto Tinti

Faculty Publications

The Atlantic bluefin tuna is a highly migratory species emblematic of the challenges associated with shared fisheries management. In an effort to resolve the species’ stock dynamics, a genomewide search for spatially informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was undertaken, by way of sequencing reduced representation libraries. An allele frequency approach to SNP discovery was used, combining the data of 555 larvae and young‐of‐the‐year (LYOY) into pools representing major geographical areas and mapping against a newly assembled genomic reference. From a set of 184,895 candidate loci, 384 were selected for validation using 167 LYOY. A highly discriminatory genotyping panel of 95 …

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Context Of Learning And Second Language Development Of Spanish Vowels, Avizia Long, Megan Solon, Silvina Bongiovanni May 2018

Context Of Learning And Second Language Development Of Spanish Vowels, Avizia Long, Megan Solon, Silvina Bongiovanni

Faculty Publications

The present study explored development in Spanish vowel production during a short-term study abroad program. The production patterns of a group of learners studying abroad in a 4-week program in the Dominican Republic were compared in terms of overall vowel quality, tendency to diphthongize /e/ and /o/, and vowel duration to those of a similar group of learners studying in the at-home context. Results revealed no significant changes or differences between groups in vowel quality or diphthongization, but a significant improvement (i.e., reduction) in vowel duration for /a/, /o/, and /u/ for the at-home group only. Findings are discussed in …

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Association Between Toxoplasma Gondii Seropositivity And Memory Function In Non-Demented Older Adults, Cynthia Elizabeth Wyman, Shawn D. Gale, Ariana Hedges-Muncy, Lance D. Erickson, Eric Wilson, Dawson W. Hedges May 2018

Association Between Toxoplasma Gondii Seropositivity And Memory Function In Non-Demented Older Adults, Cynthia Elizabeth Wyman, Shawn D. Gale, Ariana Hedges-Muncy, Lance D. Erickson, Eric Wilson, Dawson W. Hedges

Faculty Publications

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) seropositivity may be associated with decreased memory in older adults. To further investigate the association between T. gondii seropositivity and memory in nondemented older adults, we obtained serum samples from 114 non-demented older adults evaluated by the Alzheimer’s Disease and Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis Missouri, USA. We determined T. gondii seropositivity and anti-T. gondii IgG antibody titer and examined associations with memory function while controlling for socioeconomic status, education level, age, and apolipoprotein E4 status. There were few associations between T. gondii seropositivity or anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies and memory, although there …

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Functioning Of Coastal River-Dominated Ecosystems And Implications For Oil Spill Response: From Observations To Mechanisms And Models, Adam T. Greer, Alan M. Shiller, Eileen E. Hoffman, Jerry D. Wiggert, Sally J. Warner, Sabrina M. Parra, Chudong Pan, Jeffrey W. Book, Dongjoo Joung, Steven K. Dykstra, Jeffrey W. Krause, Brian Dzwonkowski, Inia M. Soto, M. Kemal Cambazoglu, Alison L. Deary, Christian Briseño-Avena, Adam D. Boyette, Jessica A. Kastler, Virginie Sanial, Laura Hode, Uchenna Nwankwo, Luciano M. Chiaverano, Stephan J. O'Brien, Patrick J. Fitzpatrick, Yee H. Lau, Michael S. Dinniman, Kevin M. Martin, Peng Ho, Allison K. Mojzis, Stephan D. Howden, Frank J. Hernandez, Ian Church, Travis N. Miles, Su Sponaugle, James N. Moum, Robert A. Arnone, Robert K. Cowen, Gregg A. Jacobs, Oscar Schofield, William M. Graham Apr 2018

Functioning Of Coastal River-Dominated Ecosystems And Implications For Oil Spill Response: From Observations To Mechanisms And Models, Adam T. Greer, Alan M. Shiller, Eileen E. Hoffman, Jerry D. Wiggert, Sally J. Warner, Sabrina M. Parra, Chudong Pan, Jeffrey W. Book, Dongjoo Joung, Steven K. Dykstra, Jeffrey W. Krause, Brian Dzwonkowski, Inia M. Soto, M. Kemal Cambazoglu, Alison L. Deary, Christian Briseño-Avena, Adam D. Boyette, Jessica A. Kastler, Virginie Sanial, Laura Hode, Uchenna Nwankwo, Luciano M. Chiaverano, Stephan J. O'Brien, Patrick J. Fitzpatrick, Yee H. Lau, Michael S. Dinniman, Kevin M. Martin, Peng Ho, Allison K. Mojzis, Stephan D. Howden, Frank J. Hernandez, Ian Church, Travis N. Miles, Su Sponaugle, James N. Moum, Robert A. Arnone, Robert K. Cowen, Gregg A. Jacobs, Oscar Schofield, William M. Graham

Faculty Publications

Coastal river-dominated oceans are physically complex, biologically productive, and intimately connected to human socioeconomic activity. The Deepwater Horizon blowout and subsequent advection of oil into coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) highlighted the complex linkages among oceanographic processes within this river-dominated system and knowledge gaps about it that resulted in imprecise information on both oil transport and ecosystem consequences. The interdisciplinary research program implemented through the CONsortium for oil exposure pathways in COastal River-Dominated Ecosystems (CONCORDE) is designed to identify and quantitatively assess key physical, biological, and geochemical processes acting in the nGOM, in order to provide …

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Development Of An Autodissemination Strategy For The Deployment Of Novel Control Agents Targeting The Common Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles Quadrimaculatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), Daniel R. Swale, Zhilin Li, Jake Z. Kraft, Kristen Healy, Mei Liu, Connie M. David, Zhijun Liu, Lane D. Foil Apr 2018

Development Of An Autodissemination Strategy For The Deployment Of Novel Control Agents Targeting The Common Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles Quadrimaculatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), Daniel R. Swale, Zhilin Li, Jake Z. Kraft, Kristen Healy, Mei Liu, Connie M. David, Zhijun Liu, Lane D. Foil

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Swale et al. Background: The reduced efficacy of current Anopheline mosquito control methods underscores the need to develop new methods of control that exploit unique target sites and/or utilizes novel deployment methods. Autodissemination methodologies using insect growth regulators (IGRs) is growing in interest and has been shown to be effective at controlling Aedes mosquitoes in semi-field and field environments, yet little information exists for Anopheline mosquitoes. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that female-driven autodissemination of an IGR combined with a new mechanism of action insecticide (Kir channel inhibitor) could be employed to reduce Anopheline populations. Methodology: We studied …

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Multiple Episodes Of Extensive Marine Anoxia Linked To Global Warming And Continental Weathering Following The Latest Permian Mass Extinction, Feifei Zhang, Stephen J. Romaniello, Thomas J. Algeo, Kimberly V. Lau, Matthew E. Clapham, Sylvain Richoz, Achim D. Herrmann, Harrison Smith, Micha Horacek, Ariel D. Anbar Apr 2018

Multiple Episodes Of Extensive Marine Anoxia Linked To Global Warming And Continental Weathering Following The Latest Permian Mass Extinction, Feifei Zhang, Stephen J. Romaniello, Thomas J. Algeo, Kimberly V. Lau, Matthew E. Clapham, Sylvain Richoz, Achim D. Herrmann, Harrison Smith, Micha Horacek, Ariel D. Anbar

Faculty Publications

Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Explaining the ∼5-million-year delay in marine biotic recovery following the latest Permian mass extinction, the largest biotic crisis of the Phanerozoic, is a fundamental challenge for both geological and biological sciences. Ocean redox perturbations may have played a critical role in this delayed recovery. However, the lack of quantitative constraints on the details of Early Triassic oceanic anoxia (for example, time, duration, and extent) leaves the links between oceanic conditions and the delayed biotic recovery ambiguous. We report high-resolution U-isotope (δ238U) data from carbonates of the uppermost Permian to lowermost Middle Triassic Zal section (Iran) …

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High Male Sexual Investment As A Driver Of Extinction In Fossil Ostracods, Maria João Fernandes Martins, T. Markham Puckett, Rowan Lockwood, John P. Swaddle, Gene Hunt Apr 2018

High Male Sexual Investment As A Driver Of Extinction In Fossil Ostracods, Maria João Fernandes Martins, T. Markham Puckett, Rowan Lockwood, John P. Swaddle, Gene Hunt

Faculty Publications

Sexual selection favours traits that confer advantages in the competition for mates. In many cases, such traits are costly to produce and maintain, because the costs help to enforce the honesty of these signals and cues. Some evolutionary models predict that sexual selection also produces costs at the population level, which could limit the ability of populations to adapt to changing conditions and thus increase the risk of extinction. Other models, however, suggest that sexual selection should increase rates of adaptation and enhance the removal of deleterious mutations, thus protecting populations against extinction. Resolving the conflict between these models is …

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Emojis And The Law, Eric Goldman Apr 2018

Emojis And The Law, Eric Goldman

Faculty Publications

Emojis are an increasingly important way we express ourselves. Though emojis may be cute and fun, their usage can lead to misunderstandings with significant legal stakes—such as whether someone should be obligated by contract, liable for sexual harassment, or sent to jail.

Our legal system has substantial experience interpreting new forms of content, so it should be equipped to handle emojis. Nevertheless, some special attributes of emojis create extra interpretative challenges. This Article identifies those attributes and proposes how courts should handle them.

One particularly troublesome interpretative challenge arises from the different ways platforms depict emojis that are nominally standardized …

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A Computational Reconstruction Of Papio Phylogeny Using Alu Insertion Polymorphisms, Vallmer E. Jordan, Jerilyn A. Walker, Thomas O. Beckstrom, Cody J. Steely, Cullen L. Mcdaniel, Corey P. St Romain, Kim C. Worley, Jane Phillips-Conroy, Clifford J. Jolly, Jeffrey Rogers, Miriam K. Konkel, Mark A. Batzer, Jeffrey Rogers, R. Alan Harris, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Yue Liu, Shwetha Murali, Tauras P. Vilgalys, Jerilyn A. Walker, Miriam K. Konkel Apr 2018

A Computational Reconstruction Of Papio Phylogeny Using Alu Insertion Polymorphisms, Vallmer E. Jordan, Jerilyn A. Walker, Thomas O. Beckstrom, Cody J. Steely, Cullen L. Mcdaniel, Corey P. St Romain, Kim C. Worley, Jane Phillips-Conroy, Clifford J. Jolly, Jeffrey Rogers, Miriam K. Konkel, Mark A. Batzer, Jeffrey Rogers, R. Alan Harris, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Yue Liu, Shwetha Murali, Tauras P. Vilgalys, Jerilyn A. Walker, Miriam K. Konkel

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Since the completion of the human genome project, the diversity of genome sequencing data produced for non-human primates has increased exponentially. Papio baboons are well-established biological models for studying human biology and evolution. Despite substantial interest in the evolution of Papio, the systematics of these species has been widely debated, and the evolutionary history of Papio diversity is not fully understood. Alu elements are primate-specific transposable elements with a well-documented mutation/insertion mechanism and the capacity for resolving controversial phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we conducted a whole genome analysis of Alu insertion polymorphisms unique to …

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