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Articles 11341 - 11370 of 35665
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Measuring Aquatic Organism Responses To Grassland Restoration: Does The Field Of Dreams Really Exist?, David A. Schumann
Measuring Aquatic Organism Responses To Grassland Restoration: Does The Field Of Dreams Really Exist?, David A. Schumann
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Landscape homogenization and the degradation of riparian areas has greatly impaired stream ecosystems throughout North America. Conservation programs may repair riparian ecosystems to indirectly improve water quality and instream habitat heterogeneity in hopes to elicit biological responses. However, focused manipulations on isolated stream fragments have rarely achieved biological goals. Prairie streams with restored riparian areas were appraised (chemical, physical, and biological variables) to quantify the indirect effects of prevalent grassland conservation practices on aquatic resources. Riparian rehabilitation, via passive methods, promoted bank-stabilizing vegetation along all conservation stream reaches. Riparian vegetation and function quickly recovered from previous agricultural disturbances at conservation …
Response Surface Methodology And Its Application In Optimizing The Efficiency Of Organic Solar Cells, Rajab Suliman
Response Surface Methodology And Its Application In Optimizing The Efficiency Of Organic Solar Cells, Rajab Suliman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Response surface methodology (RSM) is a ubiquitous optimization approach used in a wide variety of scientific research studies. The philosophy behind a response surface method is to sequentially run relatively simple experiments or models in order to optimize a response variable of interest. In other words, we run a small number of experiments sequentially that can provide a large amount of information upon augmentation. In this dissertation, the RSM technique is utilized in order to find the optimum fabrication condition of a polymer solar cell that maximizes the cell efficiency. The optimal device performance was achieved using 10.25 mg/ml polymer …
Adaptive Audio Classification Framework For In-Vehicle Environment With Dynamic Noise Characteristics, Haitham Alsaadan
Adaptive Audio Classification Framework For In-Vehicle Environment With Dynamic Noise Characteristics, Haitham Alsaadan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With ever-increasing number of car-mounted electric devices that are accessed, managed, and controlled with smartphones, car apps are becoming an important part of the automotive industry. Audio classification is one of the key components of car apps as a front-end technology to enable human-app interactions. Existing approaches for audio classification, however, fall short as the unique and time-varying audio characteristics of car environments are not appropriately taken into account. Leveraging recent advances in mobile sensing technology that allows for an active and accurate driving environment detection, in this thesis, we develop an audio classification framework for mobile apps that categorizes …
Cathode Interface Engineering For High Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells, Md Nazmul Hasan
Cathode Interface Engineering For High Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells, Md Nazmul Hasan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have already improved their power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.9% to ~22.1% at present. This demonstrated that PSCs can be a promising alternative to conventional silicon solar cells. PSCs have been marked as one of the most favorable next-generation solar cells due to their high extinction coefficient, broad light absorption range and ambipolar charge transport properties, low production cost, and simple fabrication processing. Various device architectures have been designed and investigated for constructing high performance PSCs consisting of different electron transport layers (ETL) and hole transport layers (HTL). In general, PSCs are fabricated in …
Lipid-Laden Macrophages Downregulate Akt Phosphorylation And Metabolize Lipid Droplets Via Autophagy, Rifat Sultana
Lipid-Laden Macrophages Downregulate Akt Phosphorylation And Metabolize Lipid Droplets Via Autophagy, Rifat Sultana
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Macrophages contribute to plaque formation in atherosclerosis. Macrophages take up modified low-density lipoproteins and store excess cholesterol and triglycerides in lipid droplet organelles. Evidence of lipid-laden macrophages or “foam cells” is apparent on histology sections of diseased arteries, and this lipid-laden appearance can be recreated in cell culture upon exposure of cultured macrophages to acetylated LDL (Ac-LDL). Under nutrient stress, neutral lipids in lipid droplets are hydrolyzed by lipolysis, autophagy, or both. However, these processes are not well understood in macrophages. We created lipidladen macrophages by 24-h exposure to Ac-LDL and analyzed dynamics of lipid droplet metabolism following removal of …
Intelligent Learning Control System Design Based On Adaptive Dynamic Programming, Naresh Malla
Intelligent Learning Control System Design Based On Adaptive Dynamic Programming, Naresh Malla
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) controller is a powerful neural network based control technique that has been investigated, designed, and tested in a wide range of applications for solving optimal control problems in complex systems. The performance of ADP controller is usually obtained by long training periods because the data usage efficiency is low as it discards the samples once used. Experience replay is a powerful technique showing potential to accelerate the training process of learning and control. However, its existing design can not be directly used for model-free ADP design, because it focuses on the forward temporal difference (TD) information …
Response Of Dairy Cows To Dietary Starch Concentrations: Performance, Nutrient Digestion, And Gas Emissions, Juan Isidro Sanchez-Duarte
Response Of Dairy Cows To Dietary Starch Concentrations: Performance, Nutrient Digestion, And Gas Emissions, Juan Isidro Sanchez-Duarte
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Three studies and a meta-analysis were conducted to determine the performance, nutrient digestion, and gas emissions of dairy cows fed diets with different starch concentrations (19 to 27% of DM). Study 1 evaluated the effects of reducing corn grain starch with non-forage fiber sources (NFFS, soybean hulls and beet pulp) in diets of soybean meal (SBM) or canola meal (CM). In study 1, reducing starch from 27 to 20% with soybean hulls and beet pulp had a negative effect on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and energy-corrected milk (ECM), regardless of the crude protein (CP) source. Those effects were …
Response Of Soil Properties To 23-25 Years Of Diverse Crop Rotations And Tillage Systems In South Dakota, Usa, Abdullah H. Alhameid
Response Of Soil Properties To 23-25 Years Of Diverse Crop Rotations And Tillage Systems In South Dakota, Usa, Abdullah H. Alhameid
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Diverse cropping systems and no-till (NT) are beneficial in improving soil organic carbon (SOC) and other soils properties. The present study was conducted to evaluate the interactions and impacts of long-term tillage and diverse crop rotation systems on soil quality indicators that include a range of soil chemical, physical, hydrological, and microbial properties. The study was established in 1991 at Beresford, South Dakota and included three crop rotation systems [2-yr; maize (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.), 3-yr; maize-soybean-oat (Avena sativa L.), and 4-yr; maize-soybean-oat-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)] managed under two tillage systems (NT and CT; conventional- tillage). Soil sampling …
Impact Of Subsurface Drainage On Water Yield For Typical Soil And Weather In Eastern South Dakota, Govinda Karki
Impact Of Subsurface Drainage On Water Yield For Typical Soil And Weather In Eastern South Dakota, Govinda Karki
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Subsurface drainage in agricultural land changes the field water balance by providing an alternate pathway for subsurface water. Determining the effects of subsurface drainage on downstream hydrology requires quantifying the components of the water balance. A number of studies have looked at the hydrological impacts of subsurface drainage. However, the effects are complex and difficult to generalize. The complex interaction involves the interrelation among variables such as soil type and properties, climate (rainfall and evapotranspiration), and drainage design configuration (drainage intensity and drainage coefficient), which all are local in nature. Additionally, most studies have been conducted in humid climates, whereas …
Assessment Of Watershed Condition And Vulnerability To Forecasted Land-Use/Land-Cover Change In The Northwestern Great Plains Of Western South Dakota, Aaron Suehring
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A projected increase in global population by mid-century will likely further intensify agricultural practices given future demand for food, increasing the strain on the nation’s aquatic resources. Extensive water quality monitoring will be important in agriculturally dominated regions. The main objectives of this effort were to develop an approach to assess watershed condition and watershed vulnerability to land-use/landcover (LULC) change under multiple scenarios of future development. We used U.S. EPA’s Analytical Tools Interface for Landscape Assessment (ATtILA) to analyze landscape spatial data to determine the condition of wadeable, perennial stream watersheds in the Northwestern Great Plains level III ecoregion of …
An Integrated Evaluation Of The Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program In South Dakota, Jarrett D. Pfrimmer
An Integrated Evaluation Of The Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program In South Dakota, Jarrett D. Pfrimmer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Grassland restoration efforts in North America typically share the goal of improving ecological conditions for wildlife; however, it is unclear in many cases if goals are met. The South Dakota Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) was initiated to alleviate agriculturally-related environmental degradation by converting 40,469 hectares of eligible cropland and marginal pastureland to perennial vegetation. The program aims to provide habitat for obligate grassland breeding songbirds, while producing an additional 285,000 pheasants and 60,000 ducks annually. As part of a collaborative comprehensive evaluation effort, my research assessed the response of grassland-dependent breeding birds to CREP implementation at varying spatial scales …
Examination Of The Potential Of Structure-From-Motion Photogrammetry And Terrestrial Laser Scanning For Rapid Nondestructive Field Measurement Of Grass Biomass, Sam D. Cooper
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Above ground biomass (AGB) is a parameter commonly used for assessment of grassland systems. While destructive sampling of AGB is highly accurate, it is time consuming and often precludes repeat temporal sampling or sampling in sensitive ecosystems. Consequently, a number of nondestructive techniques that relate grass structural properties to AGB have been developed. This study investigated the application of two recent technologies, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Structurefrom- Motion (SfM), in the development of rapid nondestructive AGB estimation of grassland plots. TLS and SfM volume metrics generated using a rasterized surface differencing method were linearly related to destructively measured total …
Encouraging Organic Agriculture: The Effects Of Conversion Subsidies, Sarah Adams Inkoom
Encouraging Organic Agriculture: The Effects Of Conversion Subsidies, Sarah Adams Inkoom
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines the importance of conversional subsidies in accounting for an increase in organic acreage in the 12 North-Central States in the United States. Monthly time series data that spans from January 2002 to December 2014 was used in the analysis. Empirical evidence suggests that increase in organic acreage is due in part to the availability of conversion subsidies. Without government assistance, most small-scale farmers are not sufficiently motivated to switch to organic production due to the high initial costs involved in transitioning. Further, increased institutional support could facilitate organic adoption and its absence is detrimental to increasing the …
Health-Promoting Behaviors, Hope, And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Persons Impacted By Parkinson’S Disease, Amy K. Forbes
Health-Promoting Behaviors, Hope, And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Persons Impacted By Parkinson’S Disease, Amy K. Forbes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between hope, health-promoting behaviors, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in persons with Parkinson’s disease.
Background: The incidence of Parkinson’s disease is high in Midwest and Northeast regions of the United States. Parkinson’s disease affects motor and non-motor symptoms and has a variety of complications. Parkinson’s disease is related to genetic and environmental factors. HRQOL decreases in Parkinson’s disease; thus, the effect of hope and health-promoting behaviors on health is crucial as the disease advances.
Methods: A descriptive correlational design was used to guide the study. A convenience sample …
Spatial And Spatiotemporal Modeling Of Epidemiological Data, Laxman Karki
Spatial And Spatiotemporal Modeling Of Epidemiological Data, Laxman Karki
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on modeling approach for spatial and spatiotemporal data with epidemiological applications. Chapter one gives the general overview of spatial and spatiotemporal data and challenges in the statistical analysis of spatial and spatiotemporal data, and motivation and objectives of the study. Chapter two describes the regression models commonly used in spatial data analysis. Various types of regression methods such as OLS, GWR and MGWR were used to study the association between diabetes prevalence and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors on county level data of Midwestern United States. A new analysis workflow is purposed for regression analysis of spatial data. …
Monopile Foundation Offshore Wind Turbine Simulation And Retrofitting, William A. Schaffer
Monopile Foundation Offshore Wind Turbine Simulation And Retrofitting, William A. Schaffer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Offshore wind turbines (OWT) provide a renewable source of energy with great proximity to many large cities. This has caused a major increase in OWT development and implementation, primarily in Europe, but spreading throughout the world. There are a multitude of different foundation options, each with their own benefits. The most common types are: monopile, jacket, TLP, Semi-Submersible, and SPAR. The monopile foundation OWT has been proven to be the most economic selection for water depths up to approximately 25m. This thesis has analyzed strictly monopile foundations due to their previous success and popularity. Three different chapters have been created …
Advanced Carbon Materials Based Electrodes For High Performance Symmetric Supercapacitors, Keliang Wang
Advanced Carbon Materials Based Electrodes For High Performance Symmetric Supercapacitors, Keliang Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Supercapacitors have received considerable attention due to their high energy density, long life time, rapid charge/discharge rate, and because they are environmental friendly technology. Electrode materials play a key role in the final performance of supercapacitors. Carbon, usually used as symmetric supercapacitors electrode materials, exhibit extraordinary stability in harsh electrolyte and electrochemical performance owing to its physical and chemical properties. In addition, porous structure originated from activation, excellent electrical conductivity, sustainability, wide availability and low cost further offering the improvement in electrochemical performance and make it to be a promising electrode material for symmetric supercapacitors. Considering the factors affected electrochemical …
Rehabilitation Of Longitudinal Joints In Double-Tee Girder Bridges, Lucas Michael Bohn
Rehabilitation Of Longitudinal Joints In Double-Tee Girder Bridges, Lucas Michael Bohn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Prefabricated bridge elements have become an essential part of accelerated bridge construction (ABC), which is an emerging technology to expedite bridge construction. Among several bridge girder types, precast double-tee girders are common on county bridges in South Dakota because of the ease of construction, the reduced construction time, and the potentially lower overall cost. However, the longitudinal joints of these bridges are rapidly deteriorating with many needing replacement before the expected 75- year service life. Research was conducted at South Dakota State University (SDSU) to develop, construct, and evaluate the performance of rehabilitation methods on this type of bridge. Current …
Reflection And Acceptance: Small Town Ghosts Represented In Poetry, Adam Junker
Reflection And Acceptance: Small Town Ghosts Represented In Poetry, Adam Junker
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis discusses the theories of ethnography and ethnographic verse and applies these two theories in an original narrative in verse. Ethnography and ethnographic verse have a complicated relationship when it comes to a poet’s authority representing a certain place. Yet authenticity is never obtainable, since perceptions of a place are always subjective. That subjectivity allows a poet creative expression, as he or she shapes his or her relationship with a place and the people within it. The poet then must rely on elements like unifying imagery, dialect, surrealism, and empathetic insights. With these elements, a poet can identify with …
Effects Of A Large-Scale Habitat Enhancement Project On Largemouth Bass Behavior, Feeding, And Growth In Grand Lake, Texas, Chance Kirkeeng
Effects Of A Large-Scale Habitat Enhancement Project On Largemouth Bass Behavior, Feeding, And Growth In Grand Lake, Texas, Chance Kirkeeng
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The quality of habitat, or the environment suitable for an organism to survive and reproduce, is often described by the type of features present and the quantity and condition of such features. Habitats in many ecosystems are declining and the loss of important habitats likely affects the success of organisms reliant upon those features. Habitats in reservoir ecosystems are especially at risk because of aging processes that are degrading reservoir habitats at faster rates than habitats in other ecosystems. Habitat enhancement projects are one tool used to combat the effects of aging reservoirs but the benefits of these management actions …
Electrochemical Sensor For Metal Ions And Phosphate Ion Detection For Biomedical And Agriculture Application, Md Faisal Kabir
Electrochemical Sensor For Metal Ions And Phosphate Ion Detection For Biomedical And Agriculture Application, Md Faisal Kabir
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this work was to develop electrochemical sensors for heavy metal ions (e.g., Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+) and phosphate detections in fertilizers with high sensitivity, high detection range, repeatability and portability. The heavy metal electrochemical sensors were made using novel graphene oxide/silver nanowire (GO/AgNWs) composite as working electrode. The phosphate electrochemical sensors were fabricated using ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate/silver nanowires (AMT/AgNWs) modified screen printed electrode. Most of the heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic have dangerous effects on human body. These ions can enter human body system via agriculture food chain …
The Effects Of A Blend Of Essential Oils On Rumen Efficiency Of Lactating Dairy Cows, Kali Linville
The Effects Of A Blend Of Essential Oils On Rumen Efficiency Of Lactating Dairy Cows, Kali Linville
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of SS a blend of commercially available essential oils (EO) on rumen microbial efficiency and kinetics, and consequently, effects on production parameters of dairy cows fed a low-starch diet and in vitro analysis of varying doses of SS on ruminal fermentation at different stages of lactation. The study consisted of two experiments, the in vivo Experiment 1, was conducted on a commercial robotic dairy in southwest Minnesota outfitted with two Lely Astronaut A4robotic milking units (Goter’s Clay & Dairy Equipment of MN, INC., Pipestone, MN). One hundred-seven Holstein cows were …
Effect Of Ultrasonication On Biofilm Forming Ability Of Common Dairy Sporeformers, Taghreed Almalki
Effect Of Ultrasonication On Biofilm Forming Ability Of Common Dairy Sporeformers, Taghreed Almalki
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sporeformers are common dairy contaminants, which are of a great concern to the dairy industry. Quality of dairy products is affected by these sporeformers such as Bacillus species, which are a significant cause of spoilage of dairy products. Thermal processes such as pasteurization have been used to inactivate pathogens, but some of the sporeformers and their endospores are resistant to such heat treatments. Beside thermal treatments, various new approaches are being developed to improve the quality of dairy products. Amongst these, ultrasonication is a promising non-thermal technique for the inactivation of thermoduric sporeformers and their endospores. Current study was carried …
Relationship Of Stress, Sleep, Physical Activity, And Food Insecurity On Eating Behaviors And Obesity, Amy Lee Richards
Relationship Of Stress, Sleep, Physical Activity, And Food Insecurity On Eating Behaviors And Obesity, Amy Lee Richards
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There is an urgent need to find effective interventions to prevent and reduce obesity as it is associated with chronic disease and decreased quality of life. Gaining a better understanding of how modifiable variables such as stress, sleep, physical activity, and food insecurity are related to eating behaviors associated with obesity is essential to guide the direction of future interventions and research. Interventions that hold promise need to be tested to determine if they have merit or not. This dissertation presents three papers. Two papers are cross-sectional studies evaluating associations between eating behaviors, obesity, and modifiable variables (stress, sleep, physical …
Development And Properties Of Kernel-Based Methods For The Interpretation And Presentation Of Forensic Evidence, Douglas Armstrong
Development And Properties Of Kernel-Based Methods For The Interpretation And Presentation Of Forensic Evidence, Douglas Armstrong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The inference of the source of forensic evidence is related to model selection. Many forms of evidence can only be represented by complex, high-dimensional random vectors and cannot be assigned a likelihood structure. A common approach to circumvent this is to measure the similarity between pairs of objects composing the evidence. Such methods are ad-hoc and unstable approaches to the judicial inference process. While these methods address the dimensionality issue they also engender dependencies between scores when 2 scores have 1 object in common that are not taken into account in these models. The model developed in this research captures …
Cardiovascular Risk, Remote Ischemic Postconditioning, And Endothelial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Brian A. Hemenway
Cardiovascular Risk, Remote Ischemic Postconditioning, And Endothelial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Brian A. Hemenway
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Remote ischemic postconditioning (rIpost) is a potent vasculoprotective stimulus that is thought to reduce reperfusion injury associated with heart disease. However, certain animal models of cardiometabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension suggest the beneficial effects of rIpost to lessen reperfusion injury may be diminished. These findings have not been studied in clinically relevant humans. The aim of this study was to determine whether the protective effects of rIpost are reduced in the context of raised cardiometabolic risk in humans. Seven participants with raised cardiometabolic risk burden (age:57±7 years; BMI: 31±4kgm2participated in this 2X2 randomized cross-over …
Assessment Of Varying Model Representations In Cfd Simulations, Caitlin R. Gerdes
Assessment Of Varying Model Representations In Cfd Simulations, Caitlin R. Gerdes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigates the effects of varying model refinement and representation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in two case studies. Product and process realization in engineering design requires substantial resources (time and money) in order to test novel designs for effectiveness. In recent decades, engineering has been relying more heavily on simulation-based analysis in the design process with computer models to help reduce the demands for real-life testing. The first case study analyzed in this thesis is a photobioreactor, which is used to grow microalgae for biofuel and require a balance of nutrients, light, and mixing for growth. The …
Let Them Eat Beef: Effects Of Beef Consumption On Markers Of Metabolic Syndrome, Kristin L. Olson
Let Them Eat Beef: Effects Of Beef Consumption On Markers Of Metabolic Syndrome, Kristin L. Olson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
To determine the effects of a diet that provides 30% energy from protein with ½ as lean, red meat on risk factors of metabolic syndrome in humans. This pilot study was a 3- month, randomized, control, intervention trial with 33 participants (Beef-Intervention n=18; DASH-Control n=15) who displayed markers of metabolic syndrome. Registered Dietitians Nutritionists recruited and educated participants on Beef-Intervention Lean Beef Pattern, (30% of energy from protein with ½ as lean red meat, 40% carbohydrate, 30% fat) or DASH-Control dietary pattern, (15% of energy from protein, 55% carbohydrate and 30 % fat). Of the 33 participants who completed the …
The Indirect Effect Of Bvdv On Immune Suppression: The Role Of Infected Macrophages In Lymphocyte Apoptosis, Karim Abdelsalam
The Indirect Effect Of Bvdv On Immune Suppression: The Role Of Infected Macrophages In Lymphocyte Apoptosis, Karim Abdelsalam
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
BVDV is an important pathogen of cattle that affects both the dairy and beef industry causing severe economic losses. The main problem of BVDV is the immune suppression that is associated with lymphoid depletion shortly post infection. The mechanism of this immune suppression is not well understood. In this in vitro study, we sought to determine the indirect effect of BVDV infection in macrophages as a key player in the pathogenesis of BVD especially, the apoptotic effect induced on lymphocytes. We infected bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) with either high or low virulent strains of cytopathogenic or non-cytopathogenic strains of BVDV …
An Evaluation Of Deer And Pronghorn Surveys In South Dakota, Kristopher W. Cudmore
An Evaluation Of Deer And Pronghorn Surveys In South Dakota, Kristopher W. Cudmore
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
To properly manage white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and the American pronghorn antelope (Antilocapridae americana), wildlife managers must identify population perimeters, sample size, age and sex ratios of these three species. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate age and sex ratios and determine a minimum sample size for each study area for all deer species and pronghorn, in addition to deriving a methodology and population estimate for white-tailed deer in the Black Hills. Sample size needed for both species of deer and pronghorn ranged from 60-70 groups of does. Age ratios calculated from daylight …