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Quantitation Of Teratogenic Effects Of 5-Fluorouracil Administered To Mice In Vivo Or In Submerged Limb Culture, Theresa A. Sanders May 1987

Quantitation Of Teratogenic Effects Of 5-Fluorouracil Administered To Mice In Vivo Or In Submerged Limb Culture, Theresa A. Sanders

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study demonstrates the use of submerged limb culture in teratologic testing. Pregnant mice were treated on day 11 of gestation (E11, plug date = E0) with 10, 20 or 40 mg of 5-fluorouracil (FU) per kg body weight. On E17, treated and untreated fetuses were examined for gross malformations and were fixed in 95% ethanol. Reduction of limb size and digital defects, including ectrodactyly (ED), syndactyly (SD), microdactyly and polydactyly were dose-dependent. In parallel studies, pregnant mice were treated on the morning of E11 and embryos were removed either 7h (E11) or 24h (E12) later for submerged limb culture. …

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Purification And Characterization Of An Inhibitor Of Thymidine Uptake From Culture Supernatants Of Human Tonsil Lymphocytes, Abdolreza Zarnegar May 1987

Purification And Characterization Of An Inhibitor Of Thymidine Uptake From Culture Supernatants Of Human Tonsil Lymphocytes, Abdolreza Zarnegar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lymphocytes from human tonsils were cultured in the absence of serum for 3 days. In the presence of the concentrated culture supernatant the proliferative response of PBL, to con A, as measured by the uptake of ('3)H-tdr, was significantly reduced. The suppressor substance was referred to as SMAL (suppressor of mitogen activated lymphocytes). The estimated molecular weight of SMAL under nondenaturing conditions was 100,000-300,000. SMAL also suppressed the incorporation of ('3)H-tdr by a variety of mouse and human tumor cell lines. The activity of SMAL was sensitive to pronase and heating at 100(DEGREES)C for 30 minutes but insensitive to RNase. …

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Adaptation Of Striped Bass To Sea Water Following Direct Transfer From Freshwater: Morphological, Biochemical, And Physiological Parameters, Judy A. King May 1987

Adaptation Of Striped Bass To Sea Water Following Direct Transfer From Freshwater: Morphological, Biochemical, And Physiological Parameters, Judy A. King

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

There has been heightened interest in the biology of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) because of increased pollution in their native spawning grounds and because of their extensive use in landlocked sport fisheries. Their euryhalinity makes them an excellent species for osmoregulation studies. The objective of this research was to study the rate of adaptation of striped bass gills to sea water (3% salt) after direct transfer from freshwater using biochemical (ion transport enzyme levels), physiological (chloride efflux), and ultrastructural methods. Striped bass have specialized osmoregulatory cells located on the interlamellar and afferent surfaces of their gill filaments as shown by …

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Habitat Use By Beaver Along The Big Sioux River, Charles D. Dieter Jan 1987

Habitat Use By Beaver Along The Big Sioux River, Charles D. Dieter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Habitat utilization and lodge site selection by beaver (Castor canadensis) were investigated during 1985 and 1986 along the Big Sioux River in eastern South Dakota. Because livestock grazing has affected the number and size of trees available for beaver use, the study area was portioned into grazed, ungrazed, and farmed habitat. Diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees in grazed areas was greater (p < 0.01) than in ungrazed or farmed areas. Almost half (48%) of the trees in ungrazed areas were small (DBH < 7.5 cm), while a majority (58%) of the trees in grazed areas had large diameters (DBH > 30 cm). Beaver activity was evident on 286 of 2410 (11.8%) trees (DBH > 2.5 cm) and 756 of 7,794 (9.7%) stems (DBH < 2.5cm) sampled. A greater proportion (p < 0.01) of trees were cut by beavers in ungrazed than in grazed areas. Beaver did not select tree species for cutting according to availability (p < 0.01). Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) was selected for cutting while both boxelder (Acer negundo) and hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) were selected against. Sandbar willow (Salix exigua) stems were important for food and building materials. Trees cut by beaver were significantly smaller in diameter (p < 0.01) than uncut trees. Mean distance from water of cut trees was also less (p < 0.01) than for uncut trees. Over half (52%) of the trees damaged by beaver were not killed and either resprouted or remained alive and standing. Of 8 variables examined at lodge sites, analysis indicated that the 2 most important factors in beaver lodge site selection were riverbank slope and horizontal cover density between 0.9 m and 1.8 m above ground (read from 10 m). Mean slope of the riverbank at lodge sites (40.7 degrees) was greater (p < 0.01) than at control sites (26.7 degrees), while mean horizontal cover density between 0.9 m and 1.8 m (read from 10 m) was also greater (p < 0.01) at lodge sites (53%) than at control sites (28%). Ungrazed habitat was selected by beaver for lodge sites, and grazed areas were selected against. Although 40% of the study area was ungrazed, 27 of 33 (82%) active lodges were located in these areas. Ungrazed areas along the Big Sioux River are important for beaver populations and selection for these areas by beaver reflects habitat quality.

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Rainbow Trout Cage Culture Utilizing Different Strains, Stocking Densities, And Feeding Methods In Eastern South Dakota Dugout Ponds, Jay Patrick Maher Jan 1987

Rainbow Trout Cage Culture Utilizing Different Strains, Stocking Densities, And Feeding Methods In Eastern South Dakota Dugout Ponds, Jay Patrick Maher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) cage culture techniques were investigated in dugouts as part of a continuing program to evaluate the potential of small-scale, landowner-based aquaculture operations. Trout raised in the study did not reach a marketable size (200 g) due to the short growing season and small size at stocking. No significant (P >0.05) differences in growth were detected between stocking densities of 60, 80, 100, and 120 fish/m³. Demand feeding resulted in significantly greater length (P≤0.01), weight (P≤0.01), and relative weight (P≤0.05) than hand feeding in both years tested. Rainbow trout of the Hildebrand strain reached a significantly greater …

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Biotic Responses On Typha-Monodominant Semipermanent Wetlands To Cattle Grazing, Bryan David Schultz Jan 1987

Biotic Responses On Typha-Monodominant Semipermanent Wetlands To Cattle Grazing, Bryan David Schultz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Changes in the vegetative composition of most palustrine emergent semi-permanent wetlands is primarily a function of water level fluctuation. However, some wetlands do not exhibit vegetational shifts since emergent species such as Typha persist under flooded as well as drought conditions. Numerous techniques to control cattails such as burning and herbicide application have been suggested. The objective of this study was to test the use of cattle grazing as a method of controlling dense cattail stands in semi-permanent wetlands to improve breeding duck habitat. Plots (.81 ha) were established in the emergent zone in each of two wetlands (≤ 4 …

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Evaluation Of Largemouth Bass And Bluegill Stocking Strategies In South Dakota Ponds, David M. Gilbraith Jan 1987

Evaluation Of Largemouth Bass And Bluegill Stocking Strategies In South Dakota Ponds, David M. Gilbraith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Three fish-stocking methods were evaluated to determine the effects of stocking density and chronology on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) survival, growth, and reproductive success during 1983-1985. Two densities of split-stocking largemouth bass with bluegills were compared to the simultaneous introduction of both species. First-year largemouth bass survival was low and variable among treatments. Survival of largemouth bass ranged from 0-85% and averaged 25% among treatments. Bluegill survival, for the first and second years combined, ranged from 0-60% and averaged 22% among two split-stocking treatments. Thirty-six percent of study ponds experienced at least partial winterkill during the …

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Abscisic Acid And Tissue Desiccation Alters Ribonuclease I Activity In Winter Barley Without Cold Acclimation, James Valentine Anderson Jan 1987

Abscisic Acid And Tissue Desiccation Alters Ribonuclease I Activity In Winter Barley Without Cold Acclimation, James Valentine Anderson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research was initiated to obtain additional information about the causes for phenotypic variation of RNase I activity within winter barley cultivars. Unpublished data from this laboratory shows that antibody produced from RNase I obtained from two cultivars was mutually cross-reactive with antigen from the two cultivars of winter barley. The difference seen in RNase I activity between cultivars which can not be explained by the amount of RNase present may have similarities to that of inactive or incomplete forms of certain enzymes found in sec B mutants. Ferra-Novick et al. reported such sec B mutants as having early inactive …

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South Dakota Beef Industry, David Bruce Bau Jan 1987

South Dakota Beef Industry, David Bruce Bau

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The beef industry in South Dakota is an important component of the state's agricultural economy. South Dakota beef producers market approximately 2.0 million head of cattle and calves annually with value in excess of 1.2 billion dollars in 1984. This revenue represents over 60 percent of total livestock receipts for the state and over 35 percent of total agricultural sales. In 1985, South Dakota cattle gross income was over $1,336 million. The significance of South Dakota cattle production is further demonstrated by a national ranking of fifth in beef cows that calved and ninth in total production of cattle and …

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Production And Environmental Simulations For Livestock Housing, Mark Allen Diesch Jan 1987

Production And Environmental Simulations For Livestock Housing, Mark Allen Diesch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

An animal's environment is affected by all surrounding conditions. The thermal environment; the effects of air temperature, moisture, and velocity balanced with animal heat and moisture production, is part of the total environment. It is one of the most important influences of an animal's surroundings since 25 to 40 percent of an animal's gross feed energy is converted to heat and moisture loss to the environment. Poor livestock thermal environments occur because of poor livestock structures. A structure with the correct thermal environment will provide conditions such that the homeothermic animal will be in a zone of thermal comfort. If …

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Reciprocal Ovary Transplantation As A Means To Study Reproductive Function In Female Lethal Yellow Mice (A̲Y̲/A̲: C57bl/6j), Gerald Alan Dickens Jan 1987

Reciprocal Ovary Transplantation As A Means To Study Reproductive Function In Female Lethal Yellow Mice (A̲Y̲/A̲: C57bl/6j), Gerald Alan Dickens

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The first study was conducted to determine whether the previously observed reproductive failures in aging obese lethal yellow (AY/a) females are due primarily to: (1) intrinsic defects within AY/a ovaries or (2) systemic defects extrinsic to AY/a ovaries such as sites within the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. A second experiment was conducted to assess uterine capacity in AY/a females. In order to accurately measure uterine capacity in AY/a females, it was necessary to separate uterine effects from embryo (AY/a) effects. Thus by conducting the appropriate ovary transplantations, one could test uterine capacity in AY/a females in the absence of AY/a …

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Development Of An In Vivo Model To Determine The Biological Value Of Microbial Protein, Thomas A. Fritz Jan 1987

Development Of An In Vivo Model To Determine The Biological Value Of Microbial Protein, Thomas A. Fritz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The ruminant's ability to convert low quality and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) to high quality protein is as important as their ability to utilize cellulosic feeds. This unique characteristic will continue to be exploited in the future with increasing emphasis being placed on noncompetitive feedstuffs. There has been considerable progress in developing alternative energy sources in beef cattle diets. There has not been the same success in replacing dietary high quality preformed proteins with urea or other NPN sources in most production situations. The complexity of the digestive system in ruminants is well recognized by all who work with diet formulation …

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Field Evaluation Of An Electrically Powered Spiral Mechanization System, Daniel Sherman Humburg Jan 1987

Field Evaluation Of An Electrically Powered Spiral Mechanization System, Daniel Sherman Humburg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

An alternative method of powering and guiding agricultural implements was described and tested. The system utilized a center pivot irrigation gantry as a position reference device for an electronically powered tool-frame. The system induced the tool frame to follow a reference point on the irrigation gantry, while the point was incremented outward by a ground driven mechanism. The path followed by the tool-frame was of an Archimedean spiral. A crop was planted and cultivated with the system, while evaluating the path for accuracy within operations, and repeatability between operations. A comparison of the overall energy efficiency and energy costs was …

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Differentiation Of Pigment Granules And Tyrosinase Analyses In The Hair Follicle Pigment Cells Of Lethal Yellow And Nonagouti Mice, Robert A. Japs Jan 1987

Differentiation Of Pigment Granules And Tyrosinase Analyses In The Hair Follicle Pigment Cells Of Lethal Yellow And Nonagouti Mice, Robert A. Japs

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The lethal yellow gene (Ay) located on chromosome two of the mouse (Mus musculus) represents the top dominant of the agouti series. It was first described by Cuenot in 1905 as being lethal in the homozygous (Ay/Ay) state. These (Ay/Ay) embryos encounter abnormalities at the morula or blastocyst stage and die early during the sixth day of gestation when the trophectoderm comes in contact with the uterine epithelium at implantation. Other abnormalities of the Ay gene besides the yellow coat color include its association with the stimulation of normal body growth, obesity, a diabetes like syndrome and sterility. In addition …

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Custer State Park : An Area Study, Craig L. Morgan Jan 1987

Custer State Park : An Area Study, Craig L. Morgan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a systematic geographic analysis of Custer State Park. Because Custer State Park has definite geopolitical boundaries. this study is limited to that particular political region in the Black Hills. The systematic study of this area is not limited to one criterion such as location, climate or human occupance. Rather, it incorporates the sum total of all the criteria included in a traditional regional study. Custer State Park is located in the southern portion of the Black Hills of western South Dakota. Described by numerous authors as an "is land of green in a vast sea of grass," …

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Effects Of The Lethal Yellow Gene (C57bl/6j;A̲Y̲) On Uterine Capacity And Ovarian Hypertrophy Following Unilateral Ovariectomy In Mice, Mary Ann Schoessler Jan 1987

Effects Of The Lethal Yellow Gene (C57bl/6j;A̲Y̲) On Uterine Capacity And Ovarian Hypertrophy Following Unilateral Ovariectomy In Mice, Mary Ann Schoessler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The lethal yellow allele, AY is a mouse mutation which manifests itself in a number of defects. Several studies have used AY as a subject since it was first described in 1905 by Cuenot. Despite these investigations, primary genetic and molecular lesions associated with AY remain unknown. Cuenot reported three aberrant phenotypic aberrations caused by AY: yellow coat color, obesity, and lethality in homozygous embryos (AY/AY). Bray and York reviewed a number of additional AY-induced abnormalities, one of which is AY-induced reproductive senescence. Reproductive failure of AY/-mice is the main emphasis of this thesis. Through investigation of the causes of …

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Effect Of Preconditioning On Performance And Health Of Feeder Steers, Janie Katrin Swann Jan 1987

Effect Of Preconditioning On Performance And Health Of Feeder Steers, Janie Katrin Swann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ranchers are continuously looking for ways to produce heavier, healthier calves at sale time. There are many on-ranch management practices performed to accomplish this, including early weaning, creep feeding, preconditioning and implanting. However, over time results may be variable. Before deciding on a certain method for handling a calf crop, ranchers must carefully evaluate their own situation, including facilities, labor, feed and pasture conditions. Feedlot operators should also be aware of previous management of calves since preshipment practices may affect performance in the feedlot. In an effort to evaluate the preconditioning program in South Dakota, performance of preconditioned and nonpreconditioned …

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The Effect Of Photoperiod And Melatonin On Reproductive Performance Of Anestrous Ewes, Anthony Martin Wolf Jan 1987

The Effect Of Photoperiod And Melatonin On Reproductive Performance Of Anestrous Ewes, Anthony Martin Wolf

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Seasonal fertility has been known to exist in the sheep industry for hundreds of years. The inability to control this seasonality has restricted year-round lamb production. Only recently has man attempted to alter this unfertile period of the year, through the use of different stimuli. The ewe produces the hormone "melatonin" in response to a dark photoperiod. In the fall, when the daily dark phase increases, one sees an increase in duration of the ewe's serum melatonin level. It is this increased melatonin during the fall that has been hypothesized to signal the onset of estrus in the ewe. Artificial …

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The Cat That Scratched : A Study Of The Arkansaw Thomas Cat, Michael J. Pettengell Jan 1987

The Cat That Scratched : A Study Of The Arkansaw Thomas Cat, Michael J. Pettengell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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An Evening With Paris : An Acting Recital, Laura Jeanne Paris Jan 1987

An Evening With Paris : An Acting Recital, Laura Jeanne Paris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Dr. Alfred Hume : His Leadership As Vice Chancellor, Acting Chancellor, And Chancellor Of The University Of Mississippi (1905-1945) / By Frances Egger Watson, Frances Egger Watson Jan 1987

Dr. Alfred Hume : His Leadership As Vice Chancellor, Acting Chancellor, And Chancellor Of The University Of Mississippi (1905-1945) / By Frances Egger Watson, Frances Egger Watson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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In Vivo And In Vitro Effects Of Hydralazine On Cellular Growth, Differentiation And Chromatin Structure, Allen John Fasbender Jan 1987

In Vivo And In Vitro Effects Of Hydralazine On Cellular Growth, Differentiation And Chromatin Structure, Allen John Fasbender

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hydralazine has been used medicinally as an antihypertensive since 1952. Within two years after its introduction to clinical medicine, an unusual set of symptoms was noted in a significant portion of patients. This set of symptoms resembled those symptoms observed in idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus. The fundamental problem underlying this drug-related systemic lupus erythematosus is autoimmune in nature. Hydralazine produces a characteristic profile of anti-nuclear antibodies that is unique from that present in idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus. Other drugs such as procainamide and isoniazid have also been associated with drug-related systemic lupus erythematosus. Interestingly, these drugs differ in the antinuclear …

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Ozonation Of A Municipal Groundwater Supply And Water Purification Plant Treatment Process Modifications To Prevent Trihalomethane Formation, Warren William Kersten Jan 1987

Ozonation Of A Municipal Groundwater Supply And Water Purification Plant Treatment Process Modifications To Prevent Trihalomethane Formation, Warren William Kersten

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The City of Sioux Falls, South Dakota obtains its water supply from the Big Sioux aquifer which is located below and adjacent to the Big Sioux River. An extensive well field consisting of 34 wells has been developed to the north of the city. In addition to the well field, two surface water supply intakes in the Big Sioux River diversion channel are available for use during peak demand times of the year. Because the raw water generally has iron concentrations in the range of 3.0 to 6.0 milligrams per liter (mg/1) and manganese concentrations in the range of 2.0 …

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Studies Of The Prevention Of Silica Urolithiasis, Dong-Hao Lu Jan 1987

Studies Of The Prevention Of Silica Urolithiasis, Dong-Hao Lu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Urethral obstruction by silica calculi is a major cause of death of cattle and sheep grazing western ranges of the United States. Similar calculi problems have been found in several other countries including Canada, U.S.S.R. and Australia. Range grasses having silica contents of 4 to 7% (dry basis) appear to be the silica source. In addition, silica urinary calculi have been reported to occur in dogs from silicon of unknown origin, humans consuming large quantities of silicate antacids and rats and guinea pigs experimentally fed tetraethylorthosilicate (TES). Emerick and coworkers have found that supplemental dietary phosphate and acid-forming salts provide …

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Effects Of Bull Exposure On Postpartum Interval And Reproductive Performance In Beef Cows, Corinne D. Naasz Jan 1987

Effects Of Bull Exposure On Postpartum Interval And Reproductive Performance In Beef Cows, Corinne D. Naasz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The postpartum interval is the period of time from parturition until the first postpartum estrus that is accompanied by ovulation. The postpartum interval of the suckled beef cow ranges from 46 to 168 days. A prolonged postpartum interval in the beef cow is of major economic importance in terms of cow productivity. The achievement of a 365 day calving interval requires a calving to conception interval of 80 to 85 days. Since average calving rates to a given service or insemination are only 50 to 60%, the earlier a cow begins to cycle postpartum, the greater the chance of successful …

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Suitability Of Water From A Gravel Pit Pond In East Brookings As A Public Water Supply, Timothy Dean Stefanich Jan 1987

Suitability Of Water From A Gravel Pit Pond In East Brookings As A Public Water Supply, Timothy Dean Stefanich

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The national concern for the safety of America’s drinking water supply was renewed in 1974 by the passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act. The concern for water supply source protection had also begun especially in rapidly developing areas. Because of these limitations, source protection is regarded as a major step in protecting a present or future water supply from contamination. Thus, the knowledge of both ground and surface water movement near a present or future source of water and the potential of its contamination is very important. A large groundwater source, known as the Big Sioux Aquifer, exists in …

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Studies On The Sterile-Insect Technique As A Means Of Controlling The Stable Fly, Stomoxys Calcitrans (L.), In A Beef Cattle Feedlot In Brookings, South Dakota, Michael Aguilar Catangui Jan 1987

Studies On The Sterile-Insect Technique As A Means Of Controlling The Stable Fly, Stomoxys Calcitrans (L.), In A Beef Cattle Feedlot In Brookings, South Dakota, Michael Aguilar Catangui

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The stable fly is usually the only biting, blood-sucking fly breeding in appreciable numbers in and around confined animal facilities. An average number of 50 flies per animal can reduce the weight gains of calves on a growing ration by 0.9 kilogram per day. At present, the level of 5 stable flies per front leg of confined beef cattle is used as an indicator of the economic threshold when control measures must be instituted. Since the immature stages of the stable fly develop in decaying organic matter, the most practical control measure has been sanitation or the proper storage and …

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Anaerobic Codigestion Of Whey In Municipal Sludge Digesters, Allan Dean Erickson Jan 1987

Anaerobic Codigestion Of Whey In Municipal Sludge Digesters, Allan Dean Erickson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Anaerobic digestion is a method of sludge stabilization commonly used by municipalities on wastewater sludges. The process takes place in a-sealed vessel in the absence of free molecular oxygen and biologically converts a portion of the organic material to primarily methane and carbon dioxide gas. The methane, which is the major component of natural gas, may be used as a source of energy for the treatment plant. The wastewater treatment facility utilized in this study was located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. This facility uses the methane produced in the anaerobic sludge digestion process to heat the digesters as well …

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Food Habits Of Charadriiform Birds During Peak Migration Through Eastern South Dakota, James Brian Hauge Jan 1987

Food Habits Of Charadriiform Birds During Peak Migration Through Eastern South Dakota, James Brian Hauge

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The shorebirds, Order Charadriiformes, are very important organisms as they make up a great proportion of the summer biomass in arctic regions. Spring migration routes of many species of shorebirds carry them through eastern South Dakota where· lakeshores and temporary ponds are crucial stopover points. At these stopover points, the birds feed on various organisms which will supply them with the energy needed for completion of migration and for breeding. This is a study of the migratory schedules and feeding ecology of shorebirds migrating through eastern South Dakota during the spring migrations of 1985 and 1986. It is a part …

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Effects Of Body Condition On Reproductive Performance Of Range Beef Cows, Patrick A. Momont Jan 1987

Effects Of Body Condition On Reproductive Performance Of Range Beef Cows, Patrick A. Momont

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A 3 yr. 22 factorial study was conducted with 133 mature Simmental X Angus cows calving for 81 d beginning in mid-March to determine minimum cow body condition required for adequate reproductive performance of range beef cows. Two levels of early (early December to mid-February) and late (from calving date to early May) winter nutrition were imposed. Nutritional treatments produced total winter (December-May) weight changes ranging from -188 to -5 kg and wide cow body condition differences at calving and breeding. The breeding season lasted 60-70 d beginning June 5 each yr. Visual condition scores (CS 1-9, l=thin), weight to …

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