Digital Commons Network^™

Rotation Block Detection_Id-05993, Christian Mohr

Defensive Publications Series

The invention proposes a microwave oven system and a method thereof to detect blocked rotation of the foodstuff in a microwave oven. The microwave oven system comprises a microwave oven, a camera unit, a control unit, and a cooking cavity with a radiation source. The camera unit located inside the cooking cavity of the microwave oven records continuous food images at defined time intervals. The captured food images are processed in the control unit to determine the change in the marked pixels on the longest edge of the food image. The invention makes sure the foodstuff rotates with the turntable …

Recommender System For Recipes (Netflix Personalization)_Id-05777, Christian Mohr

Defensive Publications Series

The present invention provides a recommender system for recommending a food recipe to a user. The recommender system includes an automatic data collection module. Such a module comprises a recipe crawler engine configured to obtain recipe data available from online resources; a word vector engine configured to transform the recipe data into word vector data; and a feature extraction engine that analyses the word vector data to identify unique characteristics or attributes from the recipe data. The recommender system is further configured to annotate the identified attributes into a recipe database and to execute a matchmaking algorithm that correlates the …

Aggregate Communication Between Control Plane And User Plane In A Mobile Network Environment, Pravin Ajagekar, Suyog Belsare

Defensive Publications Series

With a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) fifth-generation (5G) network architecture comprising smaller cell sizes, the movement of a User Equipment (UE) generates frequent signaling from a control plane (CP) to a user plane (UP) to update a user’s location. As traffic increases between a CP and a UP, the number of Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) control messages increases, requiring a network’s nodes to perform additional socket operations. Importantly, each socket input/output (I/O) operation and system call is a costly action from a resource utilization point of view. To address the type of challenge that was described above, techniques …

Bootstrapped Identifier For Recognizing People In A Video, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes techniques that leverage the large volume of video captured by smart glasses to improve people identification. Bootstrapping off face recognition, the data collection capabilities of smart glasses or other devices are leveraged to train machine-learning models to utilize other input factors for people identification. Such factors can include, for example, gait, pose, silhouette, etc. The techniques generalize and expand people identification beyond face recognition, and, in doing so, hew closer to how humans recognize people.

De-Centralised, Authenticated And Secure Communication Between Containers, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Containers are becoming more and more popular and are now widely adopted as a new deployment model for virtual, cloud and fog-based applications. In multiple scenarios, probability to expose internal application communication to other unintended applications running on the other containers would increase, which in turn leads to various security vulnerabilities/risks. There are several ways to authenticate and secure the communication as well as data exchange between containers either on a Private or even Public (cloud) network. But none of existing methods provide distributed way to authenticate containers and provide secure communication between the containers. The techniques presented herein propose …

Automatic Media Length Detection, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure relates to the field of improving the interaction between human and machines.

Machines are not able to detect in real time the length left of the media roll installed.

Currently, in most of the systems the operator of the unit selects the media roll that has being installed.

Then the unit relate the media installed with the length expected of this roll.

This is a solution valid for new media rolls. However, for media rolls already partially used. This solution

does not work. In this case, it is impossible for the machines to know in real time the …

Detecting And Profiling Slow Frames In An Integrated Development Environment, Adhithya Ramakumar, Phillip Nguyen, Yi Yang, Lily Rapaport, Shukang Zhou

Defensive Publications Series

An integrated development environment (IDE) (e.g., Visual Studio, Eclipse, Visual Studio Code, Android Studio, etc.) executed by a computing device (e.g., a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, etc.) may display a graphical user interface (GUI) that includes information for detecting and analyzing frames that are missing their deadline (i.e., “janky frames”). For example, the IDE may include information about aspects of a frame that tend to cause delay within the GUI, such as the corresponding application, wait period for a graphics processing unit (GPU), composition, threads, processes, etc. The IDE GUI may also include expected and actual …

Shortest Path Assisted User Plane Function Selection On 5g Session Management Function, Dennis Lanov

Defensive Publications Series

The architecture of a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) fifth-generation (5G) network introduced, among other things, the dynamic control of user plane traffic through means of a User Plane Function (UPF). The selection of UPFs becomes an important task for the core network especially when multiple UPFs are involved. However, UPF selection is currently accomplished through the Domain Name System (DNS) and/or a static configuration, which does not provide a selection that is based on a number of hops or a delay between a gNodeB (gNB) and a UPF (or a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session anchor (PSA)). To address …

Improving Under-Display Fingerprint Authentication Latency By Normalizing Frame Luminance, Vicky Wen, Sang Young Youn

Defensive Publications Series

This publication describes systems and techniques directed to improving under-display fingerprint authentication latency by normalizing frame luminance. In aspects, a computing device having an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display and an under-display fingerprint sensor (UDFPS) includes a local high brightness mode manager configured to selectively adjust luminance and digital gray settings in a high-luminance region of the display for predetermined intervals. In so doing, user input may be stably illuminated during UDFPS image capturing, facilitating UDFPS sensing, and improving under-display fingerprint authentication latency.

5g Deployment With Distributed Approach For Nf Instance And Service Discovery, Niranjan M. M, Nagaraj Kenchaiah

Defensive Publications Series

In 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) fifth-generation (5G) network deployments, Network Function (NF) instance and service discovery is done using a centralized method comprising one or more NF Repository Functions (NRFs) which maintain information about all of the registered NF instances and their services. If a NRF fails, then all of the NF instances, and all of the services that are registered with that NRF, will be lost. Such a loss may result in call failures until the failure is detected and recovered using methods such as, for example, a heartbeat (i.e., a keep-alive) mechanism, etc. To address the type …

Method To Improve Quality Of Experience To 5g Users In Multi-Slice Network Deployments, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

As we know, 5G is the 5th generation mobile network, was designed to co-exists with previous generations (viz., 4G LTE etc.,) and deliver highest data speeds, ultra-low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, more uniform user experience (Quality of Experience [QoE]) to more users. But there are scenarios where-in Quality of Experience (QoE) is not maintained viz., when UE with multiple slices initially attach to 4G and roam to 5G, or when UE is in compromised (viz., rogue base station) coverage area, etc., There are techniques which provide methods to use UUT for mapping UE to network slice. …

Resilient Method To Enhance Efficiency Of Internet Of Things In Wi-Fi6/Wi-Fi7 Deployments, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Wi-Fi6 has arrived and is being fast adopted than expected and its successor low-latency Wi-Fi7 development is in progress. While these technologies have brought great features, TWT is a real boon for the success of IoT devices by enabling them to increase their battery life. This is based on the mechanism that Access Point (AP) and the IoT device will negotiate for time interval for accessing the medium. Since many IoT devices are battery driven and are meant to operate for days, weeks, months, or years, the low power consumption becomes a crucial aspect to increase the battery life. Hence …

Securing In-Situ Oam Using Optimised And Quantum Resistant Method, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (iOAM) records operational and telemetry information in the packet while the packet traverses a path between two points in the network. There are many use cases for OAM/iOAM which is used for fault detection, network telemetry, best path selection, NFV optimisation etc., But they are prone to different types of attacks (DoS, Eavesdropping, resource exhaustion etc.,). All the existing techniques provide security to iOAM protocol uses pre-shared key or uses asymmetric key encryption methods. Pre-shared keys are immune to cryptanalysis attacks, but require manual configuration, hence not scalable and error prone. Asymmetric key methods use …

Quantum Secure Multicast, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

The existing techniques describe methods to provide quantum resistant pre-shared key distribution to secure different protocols used in different deployments. But existing methods does not consider providing quantum resistant key distribution for securing the multicast traffic as well multicast routing protocols (e.g., PIM) used in different deployments. The techniques presented herein is to distribute post quantum keys to be used for securing the multicast traffic and multicast routing protocol.

Determining Driving Routes That Match User Preferences, Equipment, And Experience, Joe Turner

Defensive Publications Series

Drivers who lack the appropriate equipment or experience to traverse road segments with adverse conditions benefit from ensuring that their route does not pass through such segments. Else, they risk being stranded or rerouted to avoid the problematic road segments. Current routing techniques do not take into account such factors. This disclosure describes techniques to determine suitable driving routes that avoid adverse conditions, based on a user’s request, and based on information regarding vehicle capabilities and equipment availability. The routes are obtained based on combining such information with other relevant data, such as weather, terrain information, likely time of travel …

Method To Optimise Distribution Of Authentication Information For Client Re-Connectivity, Niranjan M M, Vijay Kothamasu

Defensive Publications Series

There are many customer deployments wherein the switches and WLCs authenticates the clients using 802.1X authentication methods which uses EAP to exchange messages during the authentication process. Here, AAA servers acts as Authenticator. Typically, AAA servers are deployed remotely and connected to enterprise over the WAN link. In short, client authenticates with the AAA server through Switch/WLC. In the scenarios such as, if AAA server(s) is/are down OR the respective link between "Switch/WLC and AAA servers" is down and in-turn servers are not reachable, clients will fail to connect, and service will be impacted. There are techniques which caches the …

Authenticated And Secure Service Discovery Using Holochain, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

mDNS is predominant and lightweight protocol that is used to do service announcements/advertisements and discovery by the enterprise devices. mDNS is by definition multicast in nature and is UDP based non encrypted service announcement and discovery protocol. There are many security challenges for using mDNS as network service discovery protocol in enterprise IoT deployments. One such challenge is to avoid the MITM attacks (network service spoofing, forge the identity etc.,). Today there is neither infrastructure nor method built into the protocol to address the above limitations. Ideally the network should be intelligent to handle this scenario using the sophisticated methods. …

Secure Method To Discover Mesh Routers In Software-Defined Wireless Mesh Networks, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

The combination of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is challenging due to the different natures of both concepts. SDN describes networks with homogeneous, static and centralised controlled topologies. In contrast, a WMN is characterised by a dynamic and distributed network control, and adds new challenges with respect to time-critical operation. However, SDN and WMN are both associated with decreasing the operational costs for communication networks which is especially beneficial for internet provisioning in rural areas. Due to dynamic nature of the topology in SDWMN deployments, Mesh Router (MR) discovery is a challenge. The techniques presented herein propose …

Method To Provide Trustworthy Between Access Point And Wireless Lan Controller, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Currently Access Point (AP) needs to join to the Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) before it can serve the wireless clients. AP would communicate with the WLC over CAPWAP-DTLS tunnel. The AP or the WLC, could have become compromised so that they are no longer a trusted entity. For these CAPWAP-DTLS tunnels that can influence how the wireless LAN is deployed, configured, and used, it is important to establish DTLS connections only with the devices that can be verified to be trusted. Currently CAPWAP-DTLS tunnel does not offer a way to understand whether the discovered WLC or connected AP is a …

Find Local Food Supplier_Id-05997, Christian Mohr

Defensive Publications Series

The invention proposes a method for a kitchen appliance capable of providing a food-supplier list. The method identifies the food-supplier list by filtering information from a food-supplier database. The food-supplier database includes attributes relating to food type, location, and food production techniques. The filtering is performed based on an environmental impact measure of a food supplier or manufacturer. By informing the user about a food-supplier attributes, the invention enables a user to decide about purchase decisions in an environmentally conscious basis.

Dishware Recognition_Id-05990, Christian Mohr

Defensive Publications Series

The invention proposes a kitchen appliance capable of recognizing the type of dishware used in cooking operations. Such a kitchen appliance comprises a control unit and a recognition system. The recognition unit mainly comprises a camera unit, a memory unit, characteristic data of dishware, and the data related to the food list. The recognition system is capable of recognizing the characteristics of several types of dishware and forwarding these characteristic data to the control unit, wherein the control unit adjusts the parameters of the selected cooking mode based on the obtained characteristics of the dishware and the food type. The …

Dynamically Adjusting State Of Charge And Charging Method To Preserve Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Life, Jon Hurwitz

Defensive Publications Series

Lithium-ion (li-ion) battery cells are used in the majority of portable computing devices. The components of a li-ion battery cell may age more quickly while the li-ion battery cell is maintained at a high state of charge (SOC) while having a high temperature. As described in this publication, the problem of accelerated aging of a li-ion battery cell due to a high SOC while having a high temperature is solved by a computing device implementing, through a Charging Manager, a smart charging algorithm that dynamically adjusts the SOC and charging method to preserve li-ion battery cell life. The Charging Manager, …

Quantum Resistant Radsec For Openroaming And Wireless Broadband Appliance Operations, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

OpenRoaming allows a Wi-Fi device to automatically and securely connect/roam to any Wi-Fi access point that is supported by OpenRoaming Federation. OpenRoaming being adopted by emerging technologies such as Wi-Fi6, Wi-Fi7, 5G, etc., which in-turn provides automatic and seamless roaming across these technologies. Now OpenRoaming standard is the part of Wireless Broadband Alliance (WBA), and it is the foundation for "One Global Wi-Fi Network". OpenRoaming defines certificate based (i.e., PKI based) policy/access to the AAA server. Also, WBA defines RADSec i.e., Radius over TLS, which is also a PKI based method to provide authentication and encryption between access server (also …

Unfreezing Recognition_Id-05988, Christian Mohr

Defensive Publications Series

The invention provides an oven system and method thereof to perform a defrost operation. The oven system is equipped with a camera, a detection system, and a control unit. The oven system is further configured to control a defrosting process based on an image analysis of a foodstuff. The oven system is enabled to adjust a defrosting process by detecting changes in coloration, volume, and texture of the foodstuff. By adjustment of defrosting parameters during the different cooking phases, the oven system effectively produces a more uniform defrosting, which translates into a better and more consistent cooking result.

Trustworthy Enabler For Eogre, Gre And Eoip Protocols Used Across Heterogenous Technologies, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

The EoGRE tunnelling protocol is used as an aggregation method for aggregating data flows of different users with similar service requirements in the same tunnel. EoGRE tunnels are used in the SP Wi-Fi deployments and 5G deployments. In 5G deployments, especially in the context of network slicing, EoGRE is used between CPE and Tunnel Gateway (TGW) to reduce the signalling traffic. In Wi-Fi deployments, Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs) or Access Points (APs) establishes the EoGRE tunnel with the Tunnel Gateway (TGW). Tunnel end points TGW and CPE of EoGRE need to know whether the peer device is trustworthy or not …

Secure Provenance Method For Traceability And Troubleshooting In Sdn Deployments, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

SDN deployments being large, finding faults in such large system is hard. Debugging in complex SDN deployments possess great challenges as the state of the system continuously changes due to the occurrence of the events, addition/deletion of application flows, network issues etc., Conventional logging method just logs all the generated messages locally and/or to the remote syslog and it is difficult to debug because of its volume. There are techniques which provides signed logging system, which just enhance authentication and trustworthiness of the logged messages but does not improve the traceability and troubleshooting any issue. The techniques presented herein, propose …

Packet Loss Detector And Analyser Service In 5g Deployments, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

5G technology offers higher bandwidth and lower delays, hence lower packet loss than previous RAN technologies, but packets loss can happen in the intermediate devices (gNB/routers/Switches/UPF etc.,) while packet travel from source (UE) to the destination (core network) and vice-versa. Packet loss is a very common problem in the networks, and it is very challenging for the network operators to identify where it is getting dropped and what is the reason. Any of the intermediate devices between source and destination could drop the packet due to many reasons viz., Network congestion, Security threats, TTL expiry (hop-limit expiration), unhandled MTU size, …

Attested Pmipv6 Protocol For Seamless Handover In 5g/Lte/Wi-Fi Deployments, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

To have seamless client handover/roaming across different radio access technologies and even across different vendors, PMIPv6 tunnelling protocol is used, for example, between Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) and Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) in 5G/LTE/Wi-Fi deployments. In other words, PMIPv6 is the standardised way of integrating trusted non-3GPP access networks with a standardised 3GPP Evolved Packet Core (EPC). PMIPv6 tunnel end points i.e., MAG and LMA need to know whether the peer device is trustworthy or not before establishing tunnel. If the MAG or LMA is compromised i.e., it is no longer a trusted entity, which could create harm to the …

Process For The Preparation Of Perampanel, Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan, Muppa Kishore Kumar, Mummadi Venkatesh And Anugu Praneeth Kumar; R&D Center, Msn Laboratories Private Limited; Hyderabad, India.

Defensive Publications Series

Perampanel hemi fumarate salt is used in the preparation of Perampanel hydrate (4:3) and Crystalline form-M of Peramapnel.

Method To Provide Trustworthiness To Sgt Exchange Protocol, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

SGT eXchange Protocol (SXP) is used to propagate Security Group Tag (SGT) information across the network devices. SXP connections are point-to-point and uses TCP as the underlying transport protocol with roles as Speaker, Listener or Both. There are techniques to provide message authentication, key-exchange, and integrity to the SXP connections. But, if the Speaker or Listener is compromised, i.e., it is no longer a trusted entity, which could create harm to the network by allowing "malicious Speaker to send the wrong IP-to-SGT binding to the valid Listener" or "valid Speaker to send the correct IP-to-SGT binding to the malicious Listener". …