Digital Commons Network^™

Iot Smart Contract Enablement With Template Based Approach, Dennis Lanov

Defensive Publications Series

Techniques are described herein for "natively" deploying smart contracts into 5G networks. This may enable Internet of Things (IoT) devices to sign-up the smart contracts with 5G to deliver services and features provided by the 5G network to IoT devices on a per-contract basis.

Magnetic Integrated Trans-Inductor Voltage Regulator, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

To meet the high and fluctuating power demand of ASICs, a state-of-the-art technique, trans-inductor voltage regulator (TLVR) has been proposed. However, this TLVR requires a compensation inductor in series with the secondary winding of its inductor/transformer to produce an additional coupling current to achieve a fast transient response. Therefore, the TLVR needs additional layout space and the compensation inductor imposes additional cost and power loss. This disclosure describes a magnetic integrated trans-inductor voltage regulator (MITLVR) that integrates the transformer and the compensation inductor into a magnetic component. This topology can achieve ultra-fast transient performance as TLVR but without an additional …

Service Based Encryption For Securing Multi-Cloud Service Chaining Deployments, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

With the advent of cloud hosting and micro services architecture, services are becoming more distributed and span across clouds, data centres, WANs/DMZs, etc., hence providing secure connectivity and policy enforcement across a wide variety of these domains is a challenge, especially when such services are dynamically instantiated and running remotely. In such deployments, protecting sensitive information is very crucial especially with the enterprise cloud deployments. Hence, we need a secure method to provide co-ordination among cloud applications and services to share the services/resources across the registered cloud entities in service chaining deployments. There are techniques which propose secure mechanism (e.g., …

Data Quality For Iot, Mohsin Alam, Juan Cazila, Fabio Salvemini

Defensive Publications Series

Techniques are described herein to monitor the data quality of sensors, edge computing and other devices. This may provide users with information regarding the quality of data provided.

Universal Product Artificial Neural Network (Upann), Kate Ligon, Ted Ghose, Ariel Peterson

Defensive Publications Series

Products (ex: product, part, component) share common universal & transaction data and descriptive attributes. There are significant challenges to securely capture data, and to easily search / access the data throughout its lifecycle. It is also very difficult to find a universal method to describe a product and/or product attributes in a consistent and scalable manner. Utilizing blockchain technology, we will capture product attributes and corresponding data through a universal label and/or artificial barcode. Products will be scanned by users to collect data throughout a product’s use and send data to the Cloud. Data can then be accessed and analyzed …

Layer 2 Collision Avoidance Using Composed Mac Address, Thomas Vegas, Anirban Karmakar, Vincent Cuissard, Loris Gazzarrini

Defensive Publications Series

Techniques are presented herein that leverage the ability of wireless clients to employ a non-constant media access control (MAC) address (to, for example, avoid long-term tracking and identification) and which support a method for segmenting a MAC address field while making sure that wireless clients can still use a per-association non-constant or randomized MAC address (thus solving the tracking and radio collision issue). Aspects of the presented techniques ensure that collisions are prevented on the Distribution System Medium (DSM)/Distribution System Services (DSS) and ensure that a wireless infrastructure can still identify a wireless client across associations and during roaming. Use …

Adjusting Virtual Background To Convey Emotions, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes a system that uses machine learning algorithms and computer vision techniques

to detect user sentiment and dynamically adjust the virtual background content. As part of this

disclosure scope, a curated list of visual assets (images or short videos) is associated with the potential

psychological states. The output of the proposed system will replace, for a pre-defined amount of time, the

virtual background content with the visual asset that better represents the user’s current psychological

state or emotion.

A Method To Estimate Skew For Images Acquired Via Image Scanners, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

A document can be scanned via image scanners in two ways i.e., via flatbed or ADF. In flatbed, the user

cannot place a document in perfect orientation, as a result, the image acquired is slightly skewed.

Similarly, in the case of ADF, the skew in the image is introduced because of the mechanical nature of

how it pulls the page from its input tray. Hence, there is a need for an algorithm to straighten the skew

of the acquired image. This feature is very popular in scan solutions and almost always offered by

default because of the frequent occurrence of …

Providing Centralized And Rts/Cts-Based Channel Access And Reservation, Thomas Vegas, Vincent Cuissard, Loris Gazzarrini, Anirban Karmakar

Defensive Publications Series

In a mesh topology, the traffic between access points (APs) is very closely related. Under the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 802.11, the carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and Request To Send (RTS)/Clear To Send (CTS) procedures only take into account station (STA)-to-STA transmissions, leading to inefficiencies and overhead for the mesh case. To address this type of challenge, techniques are presented herein that enable, within a wireless mesh network (WMN), collision-free RTS/CTS procedures supporting uplink channel access for the forwarding of backhaul traffic. Aspects of the presented techniques include a mechanism trough which every …

Minimal Encryption To Achieve Confidentiality And Power Saving, Thomas Vegas, Anirban Karmakar

Defensive Publications Series

Techniques described herein leverage compression schemes to provide partial targeted encryption of a stream of data. Key aspects of the transferred data are still protected, and low end devices benefit from less power consumption.

A Method To Estimate Skew For Images Acquired Via Image Scanners, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

A document can be scanned via image scanners in two ways i.e., via flatbed or ADF. In flatbed, the user

cannot place a document in perfect orientation, as a result, the image acquired is slightly skewed.

Similarly, in the case of ADF, the skew in the image is introduced because of the mechanical nature of

how it pulls the page from its input tray. Hence, there is a need for an algorithm to straighten the skew

of the acquired image. This feature is very popular in scan solutions and almost always offered by

default because of the frequent occurrence of …

Receiving Messages On Wearable Devices In Configurable Power Saving Modes, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Users may routinely utilize several types of client devices. Wearable devices may include wireless connectivity such that messages such as SMS, CMAS, WME messages, or other messages may be received directly on the device, or by piggybacking off connectivity provided by a smartphone or other device. Due to the small size of a wearable device which limits battery capacity, such devices may have limited total operable time of a wearable device and may implement power saving modes. Techniques are described herein that enable messages to be received on wearable devices while also conserving battery life. Two power saving modes are …

Optimized Emergency Call Handling In Nr-5g Only Mode Without Emergency Call Support, Mahesh Telang

Defensive Publications Series

To enhance reliability for emergency calls, some networks, such as New Radio 5G Communication (NR5G) networks, provide multiple ways to originate emergency calls, and in particular provide an emergency call fallback (ES-FB) service. However, under some user equipment (UE) configurations and conditions, the ES-FB service is not available, potentially delaying the emergency call. When the UE is in a configuration or condition where ES-FB is potentially available, the UE searches for a network cell that supports emergency service over the IP Multimedia Subsystem (“IMS”), thereby enhancing the speed and reliability of emergency calls.

Multi-Factor Authentication In A Next Generation Mesh Network, Harbor Dong, Li Zhao, Huimin She, Wenchuan Ji

Defensive Publications Series

Security challenges arise when devices (such as, for example, smart meters) that are deployed to Internet of things (IoT) networks employ only a certificate for authentication. A certificate is a static authentication method, and if the security mechanism of a single node is cracked then the security mechanism of the entire IoT network will be broken. At the same time, since the security certificates of all of the nodes are the same it is difficult to isolate and remove the compromised nodes. To address such challenges, techniques are presented herein that support an innovative multi-factor authentication facility. Among other things, …

Obtaining Accurate Position Data For The Pidf-Lo Header In Emergency Calls, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

PIDF-LO (presence information data format location object) is an HTTP, XML tag format that includes a location object. PIDF-LO enables sending location objects natively on an emergency (E911) call over the internet, enabling high speed, high accuracy provisioning. This disclosure describes techniques to obtain accurate position information for the PIDF-LO header during emergency calls. If wireless positioning is available and location certainty is below a threshold, then the position fix is sent over the PIDF-LO. If wireless positioning is unavailable, a finite number of timed attempts are made to determine location using available positioning technologies. Upon exhausting the number of …

Transmitting Reliable Location Information Via Pidf-Lo In Emergency Calls, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Emergency calls have contrasting requirements of highly accurate positioning of the calling device and minimal impact to call setup time. It isn’t always possible to send fresh location information that is also highly accurate, especially for a caller that is moving. This disclosure describes techniques to improve the accuracy of the location sent during an emergency call with minimal impact on the call setup time. Upon placing an emergency call, position fixes for the calling device are continuously obtained and pruned for recency and accuracy. Upon the expiration of a timer, the most recent position fix with greatest accuracy is …

Height Detection Routine Between Two Axes To Avoid Components Damage, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

On a mechanical device comprising at least two moving axes, one may clash against the other if axes

are not well synchronized or in case one of the axes is not properly assembled.

A sensor is typically used to prevent such clash; but this requires extra hardware. Alternatively, an

obstacle detection functionality on the controlling servo could be used, but it may damage the

components if bumping force is too high.

In this article, a sequence is described to detect relative position between both axes that uses robust

features on the axes to estimate the position of other fragile components …

Diffused Corrosion Protection On Pressure Control Equipment, Taylor Mozisek, Nicolas Arteaga, Adam Dyer

Defensive Publications Series

A component for a pressure control equipment is provided. The component includes a body having a wall, wherein the wall includes a diffused corrosion protective layer diffused within a base layer of the wall.

Damping Element For Downholder, Axel Unger

Defensive Publications Series

No abstract provided.

Increasing Tyre Pressure While Driving At High Speeds (System To Increase Driving Safety)., Axel Unger

Defensive Publications Series

No abstract provided.

Possibility Of Identifying And Displaying Charging Cables Carried In An Electric Vehicle, Axel Unger

Defensive Publications Series

No abstract provided.

Trusted 5g Network Deployments, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

While the transition to 5G technology enable the potential for billons of connected network devices, supporting a wealth of new capabilities and innovations, it also introduces new vulnerabilities and threats such as compromised supply chain, compromised network element, legacy communications infrastructure, impact of compromised gNB-CU-UP over User Plane security. In short, if any of the 5G network element (gNB/AMF/UPF) is compromised i.e., it is no longer a trusted entity, which could introduce vulnerabilities and threats, ultimately 5G network would be exploited by malicious actors. Hence, before gNB connect to the AMF/UPF, the gNB should verify that the AMF/UPF is not …

Method To Provide Secure And Reliable Mfa And Sso Using Hyper Ledger, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Multi Factor Authentication (MFA), or Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is a method where-in users are required to present more than one type of evidence to authenticate on a system. Although MFA is by far the best defence against most password-related attacks (brute-force, credential stuffing, password spraying etc.,), but it is having its own disadvantages. Hence, we need a method to overcome the disadvantages of MFA, by removing the dependencies on mobile (authenticator app, SMS, call) or any external device without compromising on security, removing single point of failure, having less costly/complex SSO. having decentralisation with distributed authentication architecture., having add on …

Trusted Rpl Protocol For Field Area Networks, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Multiple companies have developed Field Area Network (FAN) solution for Industrial IoT (IIoT), which is evolving from smart metering (electricity, gas, water) to smart cities. The wireless mesh FAN deployment consists of many Endpoints and tens of Border Routers. Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLN) (RPL) [RFC6550] is used in wireless mesh FAN deployments, it is a flexible and open standard. The RPL is a generic Distance Vector protocol that is well suited for low energy Internet of Things (IoT) networks. But it is vulnerable to several forms of attacks such as Physical and Cyber-attacks (eavesdropping, spoofing, …

Authenticity And Lifetime Of Products, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Current Supply Chain management lacks in providing authenticity of the vendor and product purchased to the end user (customer). Also there are no evaluation to predict lifetime of the resold/refurbished product to the end user. The techniques presented herein is to use Holochain technology to provide authenticity of the vendor (i.e., whether vendor is certified by company or not) and product is legitimate/genuine or not, along with predicting lifetime of resold/refurbished products. This method for Supply Chain can guarantee that a sold or resold product is original and backed by company. It also certifies that vendors are authentic.

Method To Support Identity Psk, Captive Portal And Enhance Roaming Features For Random Mac Address Clients, Niranjan M M, Srihari Bhavanasi

Defensive Publications Series

As we know, wireless clients associate to the wireless network using the mac address assigned by the manufacturer of the Wi-Fi Network Interface Card (NIC). This manufacturer-assigned mac address, which is globally unique, is also known as Burn-In-Address (BIA). Use of this BIA everywhere raises the question of end-user privacy as the end-user can be tracked with Wi-Fi's mac address. Random MAC address solves the user privacy issues as per GDPR, but introduce limitations on some of the existing legacy wireless security methods and features which depends on MAC address to identify the devices such as, MAC address filtering, Identity …

Trusted Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is an open standard protocol, used to provide redundancy in a network. It is used in many products such as Routers, Switches, WLCs, APs etc., VRRP allows for transparent failover at the first-hop IP router, by configuring a group of routers to share a virtual IP address. VRRP selects a Master router in that group to handle all packets for the virtual IP address. The remaining routers are in standby and take over if the master router fails. Currently there are no mechanism in VRRP to provide any type of authentication although initial version of …

Efficient Distribution Of Rogue Information In Software Defined Wireless Networks, Niranjan M M

Defensive Publications Series

Rogue Access Points (RAPs) are unauthorised devices connected to a network, providing unauthorised wireless access to one or more clients. Rogue Access Points (RAPs) produce security vulnerabilities in networks by circumventing inherent security mechanisms. Detection of Rogue APs is a challenge for network administrator. There are techniques for detecting Rogue APs from the network with the help of neighbouring legitimate APs and facilitated by SDN Controller. Once Rogue APs are detected, the rogue information needs to be propagated across the APs and Controllers in the deployment, to take actions such as containment of Rogue APs and connected Rogue Clients, blocking …

Techniques To Facilitate Policy Driven Conversion Of Unicast 5g Sessions To Multicast, Raghavendar Rao Kota, Nithin Chitta, Srini Irigi

Defensive Publications Series

Video consumption continues to increase for 4G/5G mobile networks, which can result in heavy costs to mobile and radio access networks. Currently, there are limited mechanisms that can monitor how much throughput and how many subscribers are involved in a particular telecast. Presented herein are techniques through which video/telecast sessions can be detected and transformed to broadcast communications, which can lead to savings in both mobile and radio access networks.

Empty Oven Recognition_Id-05977, Christian Mohr

Defensive Publications Series

The present invention proposes a household appliance, more specific to an oven system. Such an oven system comprises of an oven with a camera unit, a control unit, and a remote smart device. On switching on the oven system, the camera unit is configured to capture the images of the oven cavity at regular interval of time. Furthermore, the control unit within the oven system is configured to performs image analysis on the received captured images from the camera unit. On analyzing the images, if the oven cavity is recognized as empty, no data transmission takes place between the oven’s …