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Trace Elements And Color-Causing Role In Spinel And Tanzanite, Teerarat Pluthametwisute
Trace Elements And Color-Causing Role In Spinel And Tanzanite, Teerarat Pluthametwisute
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
This research is aimed to investigate the significant trace elements and their color-causing roles in tanzanite and spinels (7 color varieties) by focusing on their concentrations, valencies, and site occupancy since no palpable research has been reported previously either before or after heating of both gems. According to this finding, natural tanzanites usually show strongly trichroic colors of violet, blue, and brown in different directions. However, this characteristic is easily changed to violet-blue dichroism after heat treatment. As the result, the violet-blue absorption band (centered around 450–460 nm) is obviously decreased after heating, and XAS analysis indicates the higher valency …
Stratigraphy And Paleoenvironment Of Thong Pha Phum Group In Kanchanaburi Province, Warunee Maneerat
Stratigraphy And Paleoenvironment Of Thong Pha Phum Group In Kanchanaburi Province, Warunee Maneerat
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
The purposes of this study are to establish the detail lithology, stratigraphy, lithofacies and systematic paleontology of marine Silurian-Devonian sedimentary rocks of the Thong Pha Phum Group in Ban Tha Kraden, Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi Province, and to interpret and reconstruct its depositional environment. The Thong Pha Phum Group is well exposed in the study area. It consists mainly of shale, siltstone, sandstone, limestone, argillaceous limestone, calcareous shale, calcareous mudstone, and laminated mudstone with the many fossils such as graptolites, tentaculites, ostracods, brachiopods, nautiloids and trilobites. These strata are conformably underlain by the Thung Song Group (Ordovician age) and are …
Downhole Water Drainage From A Gas Reservoir For Water Dumpflood In An Underlying Oil Reservoir, Htet Myet Zin Naing
Downhole Water Drainage From A Gas Reservoir For Water Dumpflood In An Underlying Oil Reservoir, Htet Myet Zin Naing
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
For wells drilled in a bottom water-drive gas reservoir, water coning may lead to a considerable amount of water production which diminishes the gas recovery. If the gas reservoir has an oil reservoir underneath, a method called “Downhole Water Drain for Water Dumpflood” (DWDDF) can be performed to drain water from the aquifer underneath the gas reservoir and dump it into the oil reservoir to perform waterflooding. DWDDF technique can help increase gas production from the upper gas reservoir and oil production from the lower reservoir at the same time. In this study, a simple reservoir model having common rock …
Quality Control Of Chemical Grade Calcium Carbonate From Lopburi Limestone Deposit In Thailand, Pimpichcha Teawpanich
Quality Control Of Chemical Grade Calcium Carbonate From Lopburi Limestone Deposit In Thailand, Pimpichcha Teawpanich
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is naturally produced from calcite, limestone, chalk, and marble. It is being used as raw material in various industries (e.g., cement, plastic, paint, paper, and pharmaceutical industries). The low-grade CaCO3 samples obtained from a calcite plant at Khoktum Sub-district, Muang Lopburi District, Lopburi Province, Thailand were used in this study. These samples contain more than 98% of CaCO3 while Fe2O3 contents are higher than 0.1% and increased after finished the process. Because of this problem, the products could not be sold since lower Fe2O3 contents are required (e.g., ≤0.05% for filler grade and ≤ 0.1% for animal …
Effects Of Clay Minerals On Oil Recovery Mechanism In Low Salinity Waterflooding In Shaly-Sandstone Formation, Tri Yudha Putra
Effects Of Clay Minerals On Oil Recovery Mechanism In Low Salinity Waterflooding In Shaly-Sandstone Formation, Tri Yudha Putra
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Low Salinity Waterflooding (LSWF) is one of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques that are often mentioned nowadays. Several studies showed that injecting low salinity water leads to Multi-component Ion Exchange (MIE) which is one of oil recovery mechanisms provided by this technique. This study was performed to investigate the effects of specific clay mineral in rock and ion in injected water. First, representative clays were analytically tested to ensure their mineral compositions and the selected representative clays were tested by filtration with different water formulations to identify ionic capacities in MIE for each clay. Results obtained from filtration test and …
The Effectiveness Of Asiaticoside On Osteogenic Differentiation Ability In Aging Human Periodontal Ligament Cells In Vitro, Adisa Suthirathikul
The Effectiveness Of Asiaticoside On Osteogenic Differentiation Ability In Aging Human Periodontal Ligament Cells In Vitro, Adisa Suthirathikul
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Retaining teeth is essential for the quality of life of the aging population. However, aging has biological effects in periodontal ligament cells with significant changes in their proliferative rate and regenerative function. Asiaticoside, extracted from Centella asiatica, was found to have potential in osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of asiaticoside on the aging HPDLCs osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. Aging HPDLCs, retrieved from patients age 60 and above, were confirmed aging status using Senescence-Associated ß -Galactosidase assay. The cells were incubated with various concentrations of asiaticoside …
Utilization Of Rain Tree (Samanea Saman) Residue As Modified Adsorbent To Treat Oil And Grease In Canteen Wastewater, Elga Riesta Puteri
Utilization Of Rain Tree (Samanea Saman) Residue As Modified Adsorbent To Treat Oil And Grease In Canteen Wastewater, Elga Riesta Puteri
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
The utilization of waste materials as adsorbent precursors is gaining intention to treat fats, oils, and greases (FOG), especially in wastewater treatment. Tree residue, an abundant waste, provides a potential feedstock to be converted into valuable materials. This research aimed to develop modified adsorbent prepared from rain tree (Samanea saman) residue for FOG treatment. The synthesis process of modified adsorbent was conducted by chemical pretreatment using different chemical agents (i.e., NaOH, ZnCl2, and H3PO4). The pre-treated twigs and leaves (1:4 ratio) were continued by pyrolysis process at different temperatures (i.e., 350, 550, and 750oC) using a heating rate of 10oC …
Surface Activation Of Rice Husk-Derived Hydrochar As An Adsorbent For Atrazine And Ammonium, Kim Anh Phan
Surface Activation Of Rice Husk-Derived Hydrochar As An Adsorbent For Atrazine And Ammonium, Kim Anh Phan
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Due to the agricultural intensity, studies of sustainable solutions for atrazine and nitrogen contamination have attracted more attention. This study is aimed to develop rice husk hydrochar as an adsorbent for atrazine and ammonium adsorption. Effects of microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization (MHTC) conditions including temperature (150 – 200°C), residence time (20 – 60 min), and liquid to solid ratio (5:1 – 15:1 mL/g) on the atrazine and ammonium adsorption capacity were investigated. Surface activation of rice husk hydrochar samples was synthesized using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with various concentrations. The results showed that higher MHTC temperature with higher …
Changes In Surface Water And Sediment Quality At A Complex Tidal-Influenced River: A Case Study Of Ganh Hao River, Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Muoi Le Van
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
The research was carried out to determine the extent of surface water and sediment pollution using the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations. The surface water and sediment samples were obtained from 25 sites along the river on March 22 and September 5, 2019 at the main river influenced by the complex tidal regime and aquaculture practices in Ca Mau peninsular in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The water quality was compared with international and national standards, while the sediment quality was compared with Vietnamese standards and pollution indices (geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, and pollution load index). Principal component analysis (PCA) …
Health Risk Assessment Of Toxic Metals In Commonly Consumed Salad Leafy Vegetables In Bangkok, Zin Htoo Hlyan
Health Risk Assessment Of Toxic Metals In Commonly Consumed Salad Leafy Vegetables In Bangkok, Zin Htoo Hlyan
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
The objectives of this study were 1) to investigate concentrations of toxic metals including As, Cd, and Pb in the commonly consumed salad leafy vegetables which were sold in Bangkok, and 2) to assess potential human health risks of As, Cd, and Pb exposure via salad leafy vegetables consumption. A total of 120 samples were randomly collected from local fresh markets in Bangkok. The total concentrations of toxic metals were determined by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Total concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in coral lettuce (CL), red coral (RC) and green oak (GO) for soil cultivation …
The Application Of Machine Learning In Clustering Borderline Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Aging Thai People Living With Hiv, Akarin Hiransuthikul
The Application Of Machine Learning In Clustering Borderline Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Aging Thai People Living With Hiv, Akarin Hiransuthikul
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Many people living with HIV (PLWH) have cognitive impairment. Details of cognitive impairment subtypes are lacking. Unsupervised machine learning (ML) can reveal hidden subgroups within heterogeneous data. The study aimed to determine clusters of aging Thai PLWH with borderline cognitive impairment using unsupervised ML. HIV-NAT 207 study enrolled Thai PLWH aged ≥50 years. Cognitive performance was evaluated by the Thai-validated Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). This study included participants who scored between 23 and 27. The score of each cognitive domain served as cluster variables for the K-means algorithm. Among 340 PLWH, 177 (52.1%) scored between 23 and 27. Median age …
Analysis Of Inventory In A Food Repackaging Company, Chutipapha Thiantravan
Analysis Of Inventory In A Food Repackaging Company, Chutipapha Thiantravan
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
This research aims to evaluate the nature of business and apply a suitable inventory policy to a case study food-repackaging company. The company adopted bulk-purchasing to packaging inventory to realize the economy of scales. Because of the lacks of purchasing standard and monitoring, this inventory policy led to the overstock, deadstock, and obsolete packaging inventories as well as the fluctuation of inventory turnover rate. The further category analysis of the packaging inventories using ABC analysis reveals that special customized bags and packaging items have a long lead time due to international sourcing and high minimum order quantity (MOQ). As a …
Effective Traffic Signal Timing For Intersections In Bangkok, Kasidech Tantipanichaphan
Effective Traffic Signal Timing For Intersections In Bangkok, Kasidech Tantipanichaphan
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
The increasing number of on-road vehicles in Bangkok, as well as the traffic flow conditions, are causing many problems for the citizens. To alleviate the problem, effective traffic signal management by optimizing traffic signal timing can be used. As a result, the goal of this research is to improve Bangkok's traffic signal system and management by establishing an effective green light time at intersections in order to increase the vehicle flow rate. The mathematical model is designed to maximize the number of vehicles leaving intersections. Six Bangkok intersections are selected for the experiments. According to the experimental results, the optimization …
Analyzing Nypd Stop, Question, And Frisk With Machine Learning Techniques, Passiri Bodhidatta
Analyzing Nypd Stop, Question, And Frisk With Machine Learning Techniques, Passiri Bodhidatta
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Although stops from “Stop, Question, and Frisk” program have decreased dramatically after the New York Police Department (NYPD) reform in 2013, the unnecessary stops and weapon use against innocent citizens remain critical problems. This study analyzes the stops during 2014 – 2019, using three tree-based machine learning approaches: Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost. Models for predicting stops that resulted in a conviction and police’s level of force used are developed and driving factors are identified. Results show that XGBoost outperformed other models in both predictions. The performance of Guilty Prediction was at 65.9% F1 score and 84.0% accuracy. For …
Spray Dried Asiatic Acid-Palm Oil Nanoemulsion With Improved Characteristics And Antihypertensive Effect Study In Rat Model Of Hypertension, Aditya Trias Pradana
Spray Dried Asiatic Acid-Palm Oil Nanoemulsion With Improved Characteristics And Antihypertensive Effect Study In Rat Model Of Hypertension, Aditya Trias Pradana
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Hypertension is a risk factor for premature death worldwide.It is characterized by an increase in blood pressure, so it needs therapy to regulate it and keep the value normal. Asiatic acid (AA) and palm oil (PO) were alternative antihypertensive agents that were promising to be developed. Both were natural compounds obtained from the Centella asiatica and Elaesis guineensis plants. However, low solubility, low absorption, rapid metabolism, low bioavailability and high oxidation were the limitation for both of them as an active compounds. Thus, a combination of nanoemulsion formulation and drying with a spray dryer was necessary to improve the physicochemical …
Assessments Of Chromium Pollution In Surface Sediment Of The Inner Gulf Of Thailand, Patcha Leelakun
Assessments Of Chromium Pollution In Surface Sediment Of The Inner Gulf Of Thailand, Patcha Leelakun
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
The inner Gulf of Thailand is an important marine resource for economic and social developments of Thailand. Moreover, the inner Gulf of Thailand is a diverse of biological coastal ecosystem, which is make an equilibrium marine environment. On the other hand, this area is due mainly to a variety of pollutant sources from the surface runoff, particularly major large rivers including the Mae Klong, the Tha Chin, the Chao Phraya and the Bangpakong Rivers. As a result, chromium contamination can occur in the inner Gulf of Thailand and ultimately become a serious environmental issue in Thailand. Therefore, the surface sediments …
Evaluation Of Cadmium Bioaccumulations In Pak Choi Grown By Hydroponics System, Piyachet Jinsart
Evaluation Of Cadmium Bioaccumulations In Pak Choi Grown By Hydroponics System, Piyachet Jinsart
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Cadmium is one of the most harmful heavy metals reported to contaminate the food chain and pose a high risk for health, including non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects. High levels of cadmium contamination due to industrial effluent discharge have been reported to affect plant growth and productivity, which could be used as a bio-indicator for cadmium bioaccumulation in plants. The utilization of cadmium-contaminated water for vegetable production has been known to increase the health risk for human consumption. Moreover, pH level was known as a factor affecting cadmium solubility and cadmium uptake by plants. However, there is still unknown about critical …
Influence Of Seasonal Variations On Contamination Level And Ecological Risk Of Heavy Metals In The Surface Sediments Of The Inner Gulf Of Thailand, Phuttiphat Lapat-Atiwat
Influence Of Seasonal Variations On Contamination Level And Ecological Risk Of Heavy Metals In The Surface Sediments Of The Inner Gulf Of Thailand, Phuttiphat Lapat-Atiwat
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
The Inner Gulf of Thailand is a marine resource that provides ecological and economic value. Meanwhile, its can be acted like pollutions sink, especially heavy metals. After that, the extensions of industrialization, agriculturalization, and urbanization can degenerate to the inner Gulf environment quality. Therefore, this thesis was aimed to study the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of heavy metal concentration (Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Mn and Zn) in surface sediment including the Mae Klong, the Tha Chin, the Chao Phraya and the Bangpakong River estuaries. Moreover, the contamination status and ecological risk were also evaluated. The results shown the …
Investigation Of Copper And Zinc Contaminations In Bioponic Systems Using Chicken Manure Fertilizer, Satja Aksorn
Investigation Of Copper And Zinc Contaminations In Bioponic Systems Using Chicken Manure Fertilizer, Satja Aksorn
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
The bioponic system is a system that utilizes biological waste as a nutrient-rich source such as chicken manure fertilizer for plant growth integrated with aquaponic. At present, chicken manure fertilizer is contaminated with Cu and Zn may have the potential health effects through vegetable consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate nitrogen transformation, nitrogen recovery, and plant growth in chicken manure-based bioponics at Cu (50–150 mg/kg) and Zn (200–600 mg/kg) supplementation and investigate the effects of Cu and Zn supplementations on plant bioaccumulation, root microbial community, and dietary health risk. Cu and Zn concentrations were analyzed using inductively …
Ecological Risk Assessment Of Microplastics And Heavy Metals In Central Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant, Thamonwan Phuprasert
Ecological Risk Assessment Of Microplastics And Heavy Metals In Central Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant, Thamonwan Phuprasert
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Microplastics become a big concern in environment. Their small particle size can absorb a variety of pollutants from the nearby environment when discharged into the environment, especially heavy metals. Central industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is an important source of microplastics in the environment. In this study, wastewater and sludge were collected from two industrial estates in Thailand. Wastewater was collected from 4 points i.e., influent, post grit chamber, post aeration tank, and post sedimentation tank while sludge was collected from sludge storage. Concentration of microplastics, heavy metals and heavy metals on microplastics were examined to evaluate ecological risk assessment. …
Cryptocurrency Trading With Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithm, Siwat Assavakijphanich
Cryptocurrency Trading With Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithm, Siwat Assavakijphanich
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
In this project, we aimed to use ensemble machine learning algorithms to trade ten cryptocurrencies along with attempting to add more external factors. Cryptocurrency included in this project were Cardano (ADA), Binance Coin (BNB), Bitcoin (BTC), DOGE, DOT, Ethereum (ETH), LINK, Polygon (MATIC), Uniswap (UNI), and Ripple (XRP). Furthermore, ten external factors, which are ten major stock indices, were added to the algorithm. All machine learning algorithms in this project are used to trade for four trading circumstacnes, an 1-hour interval, six-hour interval, daily interval and weekly interval. There are six machine learning models in this project which will be …
A Study Of Sustainability In The Energy Sector In Myanmar Between 2011 And 2020, Clara Mang Sui Tang
A Study Of Sustainability In The Energy Sector In Myanmar Between 2011 And 2020, Clara Mang Sui Tang
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
In modern society, energy becomes a life supporting mechanism, as it is not only entangled with the environment pillar of sustainable development, but also inseparably related to the economic and social pillars of society. Taking advantage of a qualitative research method, this study critically examines the level of sustainability of Myanmar’s energy sector between 2011 and 2020, using 2011 as a baseline, by observing three critical components: energy security, environmental considerations in energy production and securing financial health for the sector. Energy security, possessing uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price, is studied from available macro secondary data …
Queering The Migrant Experience: Gay Filipino Workers’ Performance Of Gender And Sexual Identities In Bangkok, Hans Kevin Madanguit
Queering The Migrant Experience: Gay Filipino Workers’ Performance Of Gender And Sexual Identities In Bangkok, Hans Kevin Madanguit
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
The Philippine migration scholarship heavily focuses on heteronormative issues that depict the migrant workers as heterosexuals. Due to this trend, there is a scarcity of studies on overseas Filipino workers who identify as part of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) Community. Hence, this qualitative research focuses on eleven documented Filipino workers in Thailand who are males assigned at birth and identify as gay homosexuals. Individual informal interviews were employed to investigate how they practice their non-normative gender and sexuality, given their multiple yet intersectional social identities in a country with vibrant queer cultures. It also probes the …
Governmentality In The Context Of Japan-Funded Farm-To-Market Road (Fmr) In Agdangan Quezon Province, Philippines, Ma. Josephine Therese Emily Teves
Governmentality In The Context Of Japan-Funded Farm-To-Market Road (Fmr) In Agdangan Quezon Province, Philippines, Ma. Josephine Therese Emily Teves
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Recent studies have focused on the role of Official Development Assistance (ODA) in financing infrastructural projects and rural development programs. This study demonstrates how Japanese and Filipino aid authorities facilitated a Japan ODA-funded Farm-to-Market Road (FMR) subproject as a solution aiming to achieve the Agrarian Reform Community’s (ARC) overall poverty reduction and rural economic growth agenda to contribute to this literature. Drawing on Foucault's governmentality, Escobar’s development discourse, and Li’s “The Will to Improve,” this study shows ODA as an alliance emphasizing power relations and analyzing processes and interactions within the ODA-funded FMR subproject management stages. This study also examines …
The Karen Diaspora : Transnational Sense Of Belonging And Practices After The 2021 Myanmar Coup, Thinh Mai Phuc
The Karen Diaspora : Transnational Sense Of Belonging And Practices After The 2021 Myanmar Coup, Thinh Mai Phuc
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
This research examines the Karen diaspora’s transnational sense of belonging, ideological transition and tactics embodied in transnational activities after the 2021 Myanmar military coup. Looking at young Karen people in 5 host countries including the United States, Australia, Canada, Norway and Thailand, it is evident that those people in the diaspora still perceive the notion of homeland and maintain an emotional sense of belonging to their homeland after a long period of resettlement in host countries. In the context of the 2021 coup, those young people have engaged actively in transnational activities with various tactics used both on-site and online. …
A Study Of Covid-19 Crisis Communication In Myanmar (January 2020-January 2021) : Divergences Between Ministry Of Health And Sports And State Counsellor, Aye Pa Pa Moe
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Effective crisis communication is critical in a country like Myanmar, which has a vulnerable population and a newly democratically elected government. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Myanmar's government established multi communication channels to interact directly with its citizens and other actors, including government agencies, allowing for active stakeholder participation in crisis management. The purpose of this research is to identify the Myanmar government's crisis communication strategy in managing the COVID issue at the national level from January 2020 to January 2021. The study will take a three-stage approach to crisis management, with pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis stages. It also explored Myanmar's …
Does South Korea's Melon Chart Ranking Influence K-Pop Artists' Youtube Views?, Farsai Tipsotikul
Does South Korea's Melon Chart Ranking Influence K-Pop Artists' Youtube Views?, Farsai Tipsotikul
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Although K-pop has been diffused throughout the world by YouTube and become globalized, artist’s success is still evaluated by their reputation within the domestic market. Amidst the intense competition in the South Korean music industry, it’s inevitable that artists would hope their songs perform well on the domestic chart as it’s a way to gain public attention. Thus, it leads to the question; “Are some artists putting too much stress on the domestic performances when the global market is also an opportunity?”. To answer the question, this study analyzes the data by quantitative approach to examine whether Melon chart ranking, …
A Comparison Between Integrative And Instrumental Motivation Of Thai-Korean Language Learners, Koravan Teeramatvanit
A Comparison Between Integrative And Instrumental Motivation Of Thai-Korean Language Learners, Koravan Teeramatvanit
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
The objective of this study is to examine the types of motivation of Thai-Korean language learners and to find which type of motivation is dominant for Thai people learning Korean language. An online survey conducted between October and November 2021 collected 155 Thai-Korean language learners from two Korean language institutes certified by the Embassy of the Republic of Korea, namely Chiang Mai King Sejong Institute, and King Sejong Institute in Bangkok. For detailed analysis, the responses of 60 students and 95 nonstudents were further examined, mainly by comparing the mode of their responses. The results reveal that student and non-student …
The Changing Of South Korea's International Economic Policy: A Geopolitical Economy Perspective, Sahatas Chindakul
The Changing Of South Korea's International Economic Policy: A Geopolitical Economy Perspective, Sahatas Chindakul
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Since the success of rapid economic growth, South Korea, as a foreign-traded dependent economy, has initiated several policies to liberalize its outward direct investment (ODI) in order to maintain its competitiveness and drive its economic growth. The liberalization process of South Korean ODI helps promote South Korean capital abroad to various areas serving its needs of lowering production costs and securing natural resources and raw materials. As the world entered the 21st century with the acceleration of globalization, the global geopolitical situation has changed over time, especially in Asia, the rise of China has become real and threatens the hegemonic …
The Motherhood Wage Penalty In The Public And Private Sectors In Thailand, 2017, Qiuge Chen
The Motherhood Wage Penalty In The Public And Private Sectors In Thailand, 2017, Qiuge Chen
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Prior research has shown that the Motherhood Wage Penalty on mothers has led to mothers earning a lower monthly income than women without children in Thailand. This paper uses the Social Economic Survey (SES) of 2017 to study how the motherhood penalty affects women from different sectors. Using data of 9522 women from age 15 to 65 in the SES 2017, I find that the average motherhood wage penalty stood at 7.6 percent. The average penalty was 1.6 percent higher in the public sector versus the penalty in the private sector. Human Capital Theory explains the wage gap between mothers …