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Toward A Strategy Of Positive Ends, Antulio J. Echevarria Dr., Huba Wass De Czege Brigadier General (Ret.) Sep 2001

Toward A Strategy Of Positive Ends, Antulio J. Echevarria Dr., Huba Wass De Czege Brigadier General (Ret.)

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Brigadier General (Retired) Huba Wass de Czege and Lieutenant Colonel Antulio J. Echevarria II make a case for a strategy aimed at achieving positive, rather than neutral or negative, ends. They first discuss the dynamic conditions of the new strategic environment, then explore the options the United States has available for dealing with those conditions. The options include (1) preventive defense, (2) neo-isolationism, and (3) a strategy that pursues positive ends. Only the last, the authors argue, deals with the new security environment in a proactive way. It enables the United States to define its vital interests in terms of …


Preparing For Asymmetry: As Seen Through The Lens Of Joint Vision 2020, Melissa Applegate Ms. Sep 2001

Preparing For Asymmetry: As Seen Through The Lens Of Joint Vision 2020, Melissa Applegate Ms.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Since the mid-1990s, the concept of strategic asymmetry has begun to receive serious attention from the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). The 1997 Quadrennial Defense Review, for instance, stated, "U.S. dominance in the conventional military arena may encourage adversaries to use…asymmetric means to attack our forces and interests overseas and Americans at home." But while American strategists and defense leaders sense the importance of strategy asymmetry, much analytical work remains to be done before it is fully understood. The author assesses the revisions to Joint Vision 2020, DOD's roadmap to the future, that must be undertaken in order to prepare …


Funding Defense: Challenges Of Buying Military Capability In Sub-Saharan Africa, Martin Revayi Rupiya Dr., Daniel W. Henk Col Sep 2001

Funding Defense: Challenges Of Buying Military Capability In Sub-Saharan Africa, Martin Revayi Rupiya Dr., Daniel W. Henk Col

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Martin Rupiya, Director of the University of Zimbabwe's Centre for Defence Studies, and Daniel Henk of the Air War College provide one of the first comprehensive studies of defense budgeting practices in Africa. They assess both the problems with these practices and fruitful avenues of reform. By doing so, they provide a solid roadmap both for African leaders and for Americans concerned with the development of greater security in the region.


Internal Wars: Rethinking Problem And Response, Max G. Manwaring Dr. Sep 2001

Internal Wars: Rethinking Problem And Response, Max G. Manwaring Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Asymmetric guerrilla war—insurgencies, internal wars, and other small-scale contingencies (SSCs)—are the most pervasive and likely type of conflict in the post-Cold War era. It is almost certain that the United States will become involved directly or indirectly in some of these conflicts. Yet, there appears to be little or no recognition and application of the strategic-level lessons of the Vietnam War and the hundreds of other smaller conflicts that have taken place over the past several years. The author draws from the lessons of the recent past to better prepare today's civilian and military leaders to meet the unconventional and …


Toward A Strategy Of Positive Ends, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii, Huba Wass De Czege Brigadier General (Ret.) Sep 2001

Toward A Strategy Of Positive Ends, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii, Huba Wass De Czege Brigadier General (Ret.)

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Brigadier General (Retired) Huba Wass de Czege and Lieutenant Colonel Antulio J. Echevarria II make a case for a strategy aimed at achieving positive, rather than neutral or negative, ends. They first discuss the dynamic conditions of the new strategic environment, then explore the options the United States has available for dealing with those conditions. The options include (1) preventive defense, (2) neo-isolationism, and (3) a strategy that pursues positive ends. Only the last, the authors argue, deals with the new security environment in a proactive way. It enables the United States to define its vital interests in terms of …


Preparing For Asymmetry: As Seen Through The Lens Of Joint Vision 2020, Melissa Applegate Ms. Sep 2001

Preparing For Asymmetry: As Seen Through The Lens Of Joint Vision 2020, Melissa Applegate Ms.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Since the mid-1990s, the concept of strategic asymmetry has begun to receive serious attention from the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). The 1997 Quadrennial Defense Review, for instance, stated, "U.S. dominance in the conventional military arena may encourage adversaries to use…asymmetric means to attack our forces and interests overseas and Americans at home." But while American strategists and defense leaders sense the importance of strategy asymmetry, much analytical work remains to be done before it is fully understood. The author assesses the revisions to Joint Vision 2020, DOD's roadmap to the future, that must be undertaken in order to prepare …


W(H)Ither Corps?, D. Robert Worley Dr. Aug 2001

W(H)Ither Corps?, D. Robert Worley Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Army transformation has many dimensions with change in technology, operational methods, and organizations. So far, the focus of organizational transformation has been on the redesign of tactical units such as the interim brigade combat teams. But corps--the Army's operational level organizations--must also be transformed. The author provides a history of the structure and function of Army corps and discusses ways they might be redesigned to play an effective role in the 21st century security environment. He concludes that the different Army corps have such diverse functions that a "one size fits all" approach is inappropriate. After considering a number of …


W(H)Ither Corps?, D. Robert Worley Dr. Aug 2001

W(H)Ither Corps?, D. Robert Worley Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Army transformation has many dimensions with change in technology, operational methods, and organizations. So far, the focus of organizational transformation has been on the redesign of tactical units such as the interim brigade combat teams. But corps--the Army's operational level organizations--must also be transformed. The author provides a history of the structure and function of Army corps and discusses ways they might be redesigned to play an effective role in the 21st century security environment. He concludes that the different Army corps have such diverse functions that a "one size fits all" approach is inappropriate. After considering a number of …


Jihadi Groups, Nuclear Pakistan, And The New Great Game, M. Ehsan Ahrari Dr. Aug 2001

Jihadi Groups, Nuclear Pakistan, And The New Great Game, M. Ehsan Ahrari Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

For the United States and other nations concerned with security in South and Central Asia, one of the most ominous trends has been the growing influence of Jihadist groups in Pakistan which feel obligated to wage holy war against everything that they perceive as non-Islamic. Their objective would be a Pakistani government similar to the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. The danger this would pose to regional stability and U.S. interests is clear. The author assesses Jihadi groups from the framework of a new "Great Game" for influence in Central Asia involving an array of states. He argues that, if this …


Educating International Security Practitioners: Preparing To Face The Demands Of The 21st Century International Security Environment, Robert H. Dorff Dr., Daniel J. Kaufman Brigadier General, James M. Smith Dr., Linda P. Brady Dr. Jul 2001

Educating International Security Practitioners: Preparing To Face The Demands Of The 21st Century International Security Environment, Robert H. Dorff Dr., Daniel J. Kaufman Brigadier General, James M. Smith Dr., Linda P. Brady Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The authors examine the challenges of the 21st century international security environment to which future strategic leaders and policy practitioners will need to respond. More specifically, they offer the reader insights into security studies and leadership development at their respective levels (military undergraduate, civilian undergraduate, traditional and nontraditional graduate, and senior military officer) and institutions (including research centers and professional outreach programs). The goal is to inform a broader audience about what is currently being done in the way of educating strategic practitioners at these various institutions, and what might need to be done differently or better.


Army Transformation: A View From The U.S. Army War College, Williamson Murray Dr. Jul 2001

Army Transformation: A View From The U.S. Army War College, Williamson Murray Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The U.S. Army is now in the process of transforming itself to meet security interests and the need for land power that span the globe, now and in the future. The following essays are representative of current thinking at the U.S. Army War College by students considering the nature and direction of this transformation. Dr. Williamson Murray s introduction sets the historical context for military transformation, comparing the modern European example with recent U.S. efforts in military innovation. The remaining essays address four themes: the nature of the transformed Army, building irreversible momentum for transformation, improving strategic responsiveness, and how …


Army Transformation: A View From The U.S. Army War College, Williamson Murray Dr. Jul 2001

Army Transformation: A View From The U.S. Army War College, Williamson Murray Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The U.S. Army is now in the process of transforming itself to meet security interests and the need for land power that span the globe, now and in the future. The following essays are representative of current thinking at the U.S. Army War College by students considering the nature and direction of this transformation. Dr. Williamson Murray s introduction sets the historical context for military transformation, comparing the modern European example with recent U.S. efforts in military innovation. The remaining essays address four themes: the nature of the transformed Army, building irreversible momentum for transformation, improving strategic responsiveness, and how …


U.S. Security Policy In The Western Hemisphere: Why Colombia, Why Now, And What Is To Be Done?, Max G. Manwaring Dr. Jun 2001

U.S. Security Policy In The Western Hemisphere: Why Colombia, Why Now, And What Is To Be Done?, Max G. Manwaring Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

This is one in the Special Series of monographs stemming from the February 2001 conference on Plan Colombia cosponsored by the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College and The Dante B. Fascell North-South Center of the University of Miami. In substantive U.S. national security terms, the author addresses the questions, Why Colombia, Why Now, and What Is To Be Done? He explains the importance of that troubled country to the United States. He points out that the fragile democracy of Colombia is at risk, and that the violent spillover effects of three simultaneous wars pose a threat …


Future Warfare Anthology, Revised Edition, Robert H. Scales Major General Jun 2001

Future Warfare Anthology, Revised Edition, Robert H. Scales Major General

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

This Revised Anthology is about the future of military operations in the opening decades of the 21st century. Its purpose is not to predict the future, but to speculate on the conduct of military operations as an instrument of national policy in a world absent massive thermonuclear and conventional superpower confrontation characteristic of the Cold War. Also absent are indirect constraints imposed by that confrontation on virtually all political-military relationships, not solely those between superpower principals. Most of these essays are attempts to define military operational concepts that might be employed to execute such an engagement strategy.


U.S. Security Policy In The Western Hemisphere: Why Colombia, Why Now, And What Is To Be Done?, Max G. Manwaring Dr. Jun 2001

U.S. Security Policy In The Western Hemisphere: Why Colombia, Why Now, And What Is To Be Done?, Max G. Manwaring Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

This is one in the Special Series of monographs stemming from the February 2001 conference on Plan Colombia cosponsored by the Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College and The Dante B. Fascell North-South Center of the University of Miami. In substantive U.S. national security terms, the author addresses the questions, Why Colombia, Why Now, and What Is To Be Done? He explains the importance of that troubled country to the United States. He points out that the fragile democracy of Colombia is at risk, and that the violent spillover effects of three simultaneous wars pose a threat …


Future Warfare Anthology, Revised Edition, Robert H. Scales Major General Jun 2001

Future Warfare Anthology, Revised Edition, Robert H. Scales Major General

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

This Revised Anthology is about the future of military operations in the opening decades of the 21st century. Its purpose is not to predict the future, but to speculate on the conduct of military operations as an instrument of national policy in a world absent massive thermonuclear and conventional superpower confrontation characteristic of the Cold War. Also absent are indirect constraints imposed by that confrontation on virtually all political-military relationships, not solely those between superpower principals. Most of these essays are attempts to define military operational concepts that might be employed to execute such an engagement strategy.


Fighting The Hobbesian Trinity In Colombia: A New Strategy For Peace, Joseph R. Nunez Colonel Apr 2001

Fighting The Hobbesian Trinity In Colombia: A New Strategy For Peace, Joseph R. Nunez Colonel

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author analyzes the drug intervention conundrum of Colombia. He then summarizes the reasons for the violent and anarchic situation that frustrates those wishing to make peace and expand democracy. After introducing what he calls the Hobbesian trinity, the author discusses alternatives to intervention and notes the complexity of the human rights challenge. He suggests a new strategy for improving human security, government accountability, democratic reform, and peace prospects. The author argues that the current approach is heading the wrong way, moving away from peace and fomenting greater instability. He concludes that there is a window of opportunity for the …


Political Control Over The Use Of Force: A Clausewitzian Perspective, Suzanne C. Nielsen Lieutenant Colonel Apr 2001

Political Control Over The Use Of Force: A Clausewitzian Perspective, Suzanne C. Nielsen Lieutenant Colonel

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author addresses the issues regarding the ideal relationship between the commander and the statesman in time of war and the balance between political control and military operational expertise by examining what Carl von Clausewitz has to say about civil- military relations and the use of force. She looks in depth at Clausewitz s arguments, reviews his theoretical approach, and discusses four key implications of the basic idea that political purposes govern war. In conclusion, the author suggests that Clausewitz has issued both statesmen and commanders a challenge. Commanders must appreciate the necessity of subordinating military means to political ends, …


The Army And Homeland Security: A Strategic Perspective, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii Mar 2001

The Army And Homeland Security: A Strategic Perspective, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The topic of homeland security includes a broad array of missions and mission areas ranging from national missile defense to military assistance to civil authorities. The topic has recently attracted a great deal of attention due to the public's heightened awareness of the variety and nature of emerging threats and of the United States vulnerabilities to them. The Army Staff was assigned to investigate the Army's role in homeland security from a strategic, rather than a legal or procedural perspective. The author achieves this perspective by placing homeland security missions within the larger spectrum of operations. In so doing, he …


U.S. Army War College Guide To Strategy, Joseph R. Cerami Dr., James F. Holcomb Colonel Feb 2001

U.S. Army War College Guide To Strategy, Joseph R. Cerami Dr., James F. Holcomb Colonel

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

For more than 3 decades, the U.S. Army War College (USAWC) Department of National Security and Strategy has faced the challenge of educating future strategic leaders on the subject of national security, or grand strategy. Fitting at the top of an officer's or government official's career-long professional development program, this challenge has been to design a course on strategy that incorporates its many facets in a short period of time, all within the 1-year, senior service college curriculum. To do this, a conceptual approach has provided the framework to think about strategy formulation. The purpose of this volume is to …


Planning For A Peaceful Korea, Henry D. Sokolski Mr. Feb 2001

Planning For A Peaceful Korea, Henry D. Sokolski Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

With the change of administrations in Washington, current U.S. policy toward North Korea will naturally undergo review and scrutiny. The essays in this volume offer an option to the current engagement approach. The authors suggest an alternative strategy for promoting peace and security in the Korean peninsula different from the ones contemplated or implemented by Washington in recent years.


Asymmetry And U.S. Military Strategy: Definition, Background, And Strategic Concepts, Douglas V. Johnson Dr., Steven Metz Dr. Jan 2001

Asymmetry And U.S. Military Strategy: Definition, Background, And Strategic Concepts, Douglas V. Johnson Dr., Steven Metz Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

This report gives a simple and comprehensive definition of strategic asymmetry reflecting the need for military doctrine which transcends today's specific issues. The authors assess the strategic situation of the United States in terms of positive and negative asymmetry and offer five strategic concepts as part of the response to asymmetry: maximum conceptual and organizational adaptability, focused intelligence, minimal vulnerability, full spectrum precision, and an integrated homeland security strategy.


Alternative National Military Strategies For The United States, Conrad C. Crane Dr. Dec 2000

Alternative National Military Strategies For The United States, Conrad C. Crane Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The 2001 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) will have to address all the relevant issues about the future course of American national security strategy and provide useful recommendations to the new administration as it develops a new security strategy. The Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College and the Georgetown University Center for Peace and Security Studies convened a conference on "Alternative Military Strategies for the United States" to highlight the key issues that will have to be analyzed by the QDR and the new administration's security planning. This report summarizes the presentations from a distinguished group of panelists …


The Asia-Pacific In The U.S. National Security Calculus For A New Millennium, Andrew Scobell Dr., Larry M. Wortzel Dr. Dec 2000

The Asia-Pacific In The U.S. National Security Calculus For A New Millennium, Andrew Scobell Dr., Larry M. Wortzel Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The authors of this monograph survey the challenges to U.S. national security that confront this diverse and dynamic region, highlighting the particularly volatile situation that continues on the Korean peninsula. Beyond continued U.S. attention to maintaining a robust military presence and steadfast U.S. alliances, they argue that the United States, without ignoring the key dimensions in the U.S. National Security Strategy of responding and preparing now, should give a greater emphasis to shaping the Asia-Pacific region. They contend that the time is ripe for the United States to launch a major shaping initiative to help ensure that the positive trends …


Transnational Threats: Blending Law Enforcement And Military Strategies, Carolyn Pumphrey Dr. Nov 2000

Transnational Threats: Blending Law Enforcement And Military Strategies, Carolyn Pumphrey Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

On February 2-3, 2000, the U.S. Army War College, the Triangle Institute for Security Studies, and the Duke University Center for Law, Ethics, and National Security co-sponsored a conference in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The conference examined transnational threats, including terrorism involving weapons of mass destruction, cyber threats to the national infrastructure, and international organized crime. The goal was to evaluate the seriousness of such threats and discuss strategies for dealing with them. In particular, the conference sought to address the question of how military and law enforcement could blend their strategies to better counter transnational threats. A secondary purpose …


Organizing For National Security, Douglas Stuart Dr. Nov 2000

Organizing For National Security, Douglas Stuart Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Over the last decade the United States has been confronted with not just the collapse of the Soviet empire but also with revolutionary scientific breakthroughs, the transformation of the global economy, and the erosion of many of the basic premises of the Westphalian system of international order. The U.S. policy community has attempted to make sense of these and other changes by recourse to bodies such as the National Defense Panel and the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century (USNCS/21). The USNCS/21 is currently in the third phase of its mandated activities. At the end of phase three, the members …


Peacekeeping And The Just War Tradition, C. Anthony Pfaff Dr. Sep 2000

Peacekeeping And The Just War Tradition, C. Anthony Pfaff Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Major Tony Pfaff, a former Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the United States Military Academy, addresses an important source of much of the confusion that currently surrounds many of the Operations Other Than War (OOTW) that the military finds itself participating in with increasing frequency. The author points out that, though the source of this confusion is primarily ethical, it has important operational implications as well. In the Just War Tradition, as well as the Law of War, there has always been a tension between winning and fighting well, and the peacekeeping environment does not change this. Commonly, the resolution …


People's Liberation Army After Next, Susan M. Puska Colonel Aug 2000

People's Liberation Army After Next, Susan M. Puska Colonel

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The 1999 PLA Conference, which was hosted jointly by the American Enterprise Institute and the U.S. Army War College's Strategic Studies Institute, convened September 10-12, 1999, at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. The goal of this conference was to comprehensively examine Chinese military modernization efforts. The meeting drew together leading experts on the PLA army, navy, air force, missile forces, and national defense industries and included PLA experts with opposing views on the pace and likely success of Chinese military modernization. Lively debate continually probed analytical differences and prejudices, as well as the sources of information upon which conclusions were based. The …


The Information Revolution And National Security, Thomas E. Copeland Mr. Aug 2000

The Information Revolution And National Security, Thomas E. Copeland Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The effects of the information revolution are particularly profound in the realm of national security strategy. They are creating new opportunities for those who master them. The U.S. military, for instance, is exploring ways to seize information superiority during conflicts and thus gain decisive advantages over its opponents. But the information revolution also creates new security threats and vulnerabilities. No nation has made more effective use of the information revolution than the United States, but none is more dependent on information technology. To protect American security, then, military leaders and defense policymakers must understand the information revolution.

The essays in …


Threats To Russian Security: The View From Moscow, Stephen J. Blank Dr. Jul 2000

Threats To Russian Security: The View From Moscow, Stephen J. Blank Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The documented threat assessments addressed here are clearly the culmination to date of a long-standing process by which the Russian military and government have forsaken the optimistic Westernizing postures and visions of the initial post-Soviet years and returned in many respects to assessments and demands for specific policies that evoke the Soviet mentality and period. The armed forces and the government have adopted a viewpoint that magnifies both the internal and external threats to Russia that they perceive and regard those threats as growing in number and saliency. This viewpoint is fundamentally at odds with both the post-1985 Soviet and …