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A 21st Century Security Architecture For The Americas: Multilateral Cooperation, Liberal Peace, And Soft Power, Joseph R. Nunez Colonel Aug 2002

A 21st Century Security Architecture For The Americas: Multilateral Cooperation, Liberal Peace, And Soft Power, Joseph R. Nunez Colonel

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

This monograph is a constructive response to the question of "How can the United States best develop security cooperation within the Americas?" The author develops the necessary background to make the persuasive argument that it is time for the United States to employ strategic restraint and reassurance of allies to develop a new security architecture that is effective and efficient, not to mention reflective of our values and interests. The threats and challenges articulated are no longer state versus state on a path to eventual war, but more internal, where weak institutions struggle to deal with terrorism, natural disasters, governmental …


The Future Of Transcaspian Security, Stephen J. Blank Dr. Aug 2002

The Future Of Transcaspian Security, Stephen J. Blank Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

This monograph explores the unprecedented opportunities that are now before the United States and recommends actions that the Government and armed forces, especially, but not only the U.S. Army, should undertake to consolidate and extend the newly emerging military partnership and cooperative security regime that are now developing. Because the opportunities being presented to the United States and NATO were never possible before to this degree, the proper way to exploit them will become a subject of debate.


Pax Nato: The Opportunities Of Enlargement, Raymond A. Millen Ltc Aug 2002

Pax Nato: The Opportunities Of Enlargement, Raymond A. Millen Ltc

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author examines NATO's extraordinary performance and incisive initiatives during the immediate post-Cold War years. He scrutinizes the impact of enlargement on the Alliance, not only from a military but also a geopolitical perspective. He is quick to point out that, without the needed reforms, new members will bring more fat than muscle to the Alliance. However, the process of enlargement has served to harmonize Central and Eastern Europe with Western Europe in a remarkable manner. That achievement alone has made enlargement worthwhile. He goes beyond the next round of enlargement and makes a case for a reorientation of NATO …


Hizballah: Terrorism, National Liberation, Or Menace?, Sami G. Hajjar Dr. Aug 2002

Hizballah: Terrorism, National Liberation, Or Menace?, Sami G. Hajjar Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author reviews the history of Hizballah since its inception in 1982, and examines its role in the recent political turmoil of Lebanon and the region. Not only is Hizballah's role central in the dispute over the Sheb'a Farms enclave between Lebanon and Israel, it is part of an entangled set of linkages involving Syria, Iran, the United States, the European Union, and the Palestinians. The challenge that Hizballah poses to U.S. policy in the Middle East involves complicated strategic issues, not merely problems of terrorism that could be dealt with by countermeasures.


Tweaking Nato: The Case For Integrated Multinational Divisions, Raymond A. Millen Ltc Jun 2002

Tweaking Nato: The Case For Integrated Multinational Divisions, Raymond A. Millen Ltc

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

As the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) adapts to the emerging strategic environment, it must consider innovative organizational structures that will allow it to harness the potential of its European partners. NATO's enduring deficiencies and their detrimental effect on military capabilities are examined. The decade following the end of the Cold War has revealed a far different world than envisioned. As the United States ruefully discovered, the reduced threat did not diminish security obligations. NATO's European members hoped otherwise and paid insufficient attention to military capabilities. NATO enlargement exacerbates the existing problems. NATO's integrated military structure does not easily accommodate …


Tweaking Nato: The Case For Integrated Multinational Divisions, Raymond A. Millen Ltc Jun 2002

Tweaking Nato: The Case For Integrated Multinational Divisions, Raymond A. Millen Ltc

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

As the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) adapts to the emerging strategic environment, it must consider innovative organizational structures that will allow it to harness the potential of its European partners. NATO's enduring deficiencies and their detrimental effect on military capabilities are examined. The decade following the end of the Cold War has revealed a far different world than envisioned. As the United States ruefully discovered, the reduced threat did not diminish security obligations. NATO's European members hoped otherwise and paid insufficient attention to military capabilities. NATO enlargement exacerbates the existing problems. NATO's integrated military structure does not easily accommodate …


Facing The Hydra: Maintaining Strategic Balance While Pursuing A Global War Against Terrorism, Conrad C. Crane Dr. May 2002

Facing The Hydra: Maintaining Strategic Balance While Pursuing A Global War Against Terrorism, Conrad C. Crane Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author analyzes the impact of the war on terrorism and the requirements of the 2001 Quadrennial Defense Review on the many essential missions conducted by the U.S. Armed Forces. Focusing primarily on the Army, he highlights the requirements associated with combat operations against terrorists, accelerating transformation and the new emphasis on homeland security and force protection. At the same time, he points out that the Army and the other Services must remain involved worldwide in day-to-day assurance, dissuasion, and deterrence activities; execution of peace operations and other smaller-scale contingencies; and remaining ready for other major combat operations. The author …


Nonstate Actors In Colombia: Threat And Response, Max G. Manwaring Dr. May 2002

Nonstate Actors In Colombia: Threat And Response, Max G. Manwaring Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Colombia's deeply rooted and ambiguous warfare has reached crisis proportions in that Colombia's "Hobbesian Trinity" of illegal drug traffickers, insurgents, and paramilitary organizations are creating a situation in which life is indeed "nasty, brutish, and short." The first step in developing a macro-level vision, policy, and strategy to deal with the Colombian crisis in a global context is to be clear on what the Colombian crisis is, and what the fundamental threats implicit (and explicit) in it are. Political and military leaders can start thinking about the gravity of the terrorist strategy employed by Colombia's stateless adversaries from this point. …


China And Strategic Culture, Andrew Scobell Dr. May 2002

China And Strategic Culture, Andrew Scobell Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author examines the impact of strategic culture on 21st century China. He contends that the People's Republic of China's security policies and its tendency to use military force are influenced not only by elite understandings of China's own strategic tradition, but also by their understandings of the strategic cultures of other states. Gaining a fuller appreciation for how Chinese strategists view the United States and Japan, our key ally in the Asia-Pacific, will better enable us to assess regional and global security issues.


Defining And Achieving Decisive Victory, Colin S. Gray Dr. Apr 2002

Defining And Achieving Decisive Victory, Colin S. Gray Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author explores the concept of victory in the war in terrorism, but he does so by placing it within the larger currents of change that are sweeping the global security environment. He contends that the time-tested idea of decisive victory is still an important one, but must be designed very carefully in this dangerous new world. To do so correctly can provide the foundation for an effective strategy. To fail to do so could be the first step toward strategic defeat.


The Inescapable Global Security Arena, Max G. Manwaring Dr. Apr 2002

The Inescapable Global Security Arena, Max G. Manwaring Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author outlines the violent characteristics of the new security-stability environment and briefly examines the problem of terrorism and the related problem of governance. Then he analyzes the complex threat and response situation and outlines a multidimensional response to these problems. Finally, he enumerates some civil-military implications for playing effectively in the contemporary global security arena. His recommendations focus on the interagency and the military in general, and the U.S. Army in particular.


Beyond Nunn-Lugar: Curbing The Next Wave Of Weapons Proliferation Threats From Russia, Thomas Riisager Mr., Henry D. Sokolski Mr. Apr 2002

Beyond Nunn-Lugar: Curbing The Next Wave Of Weapons Proliferation Threats From Russia, Thomas Riisager Mr., Henry D. Sokolski Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The chapters in this book were originally commissioned by the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center (NPEC) as part of a study on the future of U.S.-Russian nonproliferation cooperation. This book is different from other studies of U.S.-Russian cooperation because it relies on competitive strategies, which detail how best to pit one's strengths against a competitor's weaknesses in a series of moves and countermoves. The goal is to devise strategies that force one's competitor to spend more time and resources shoring up his weaknesses than in taking offensive action.


Beyond Nunn-Lugar: Curbing The Next Wave Of Weapons Proliferation Threats From Russia, Thomas Riisager Mr., Henry D. Sokolski Mr. Apr 2002

Beyond Nunn-Lugar: Curbing The Next Wave Of Weapons Proliferation Threats From Russia, Thomas Riisager Mr., Henry D. Sokolski Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The chapters in this book were originally commissioned by the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center (NPEC) as part of a study on the future of U.S.-Russian nonproliferation cooperation. This book is different from other studies of U.S.-Russian cooperation because it relies on competitive strategies, which detail how best to pit one's strengths against a competitor's weaknesses in a series of moves and countermoves. The goal is to devise strategies that force one's competitor to spend more time and resources shoring up his weaknesses than in taking offensive action.


The Past As Prologue: A History Of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy In Colombia, 1958-66, Dennis M. Rempe Mr. Mar 2002

The Past As Prologue: A History Of U.S. Counterinsurgency Policy In Colombia, 1958-66, Dennis M. Rempe Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author outlines the history of U.S. counterinsurgency policy and the recommendations made by U.S. Special Survey Teams in Colombia from 1958-66. An examination of that history and the concomitant recommendations indicates that a review of that record would be in order. This monograph comes at a time when the United States is seriously considering broadening its policy toward Colombia and addressing Colombia's continuing internal war in a global and regional context. Thus, it provides a point of departure from which policymakers in the United States and Colombia can review where we have been, where we are, and where we …


The Rise Of China In Asia: Security Implications, Carolyn Pumphrey Dr. Jan 2002

The Rise Of China In Asia: Security Implications, Carolyn Pumphrey Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

In March 2001 the U.S. Army War College, the Triangle Institute for Strategic Studies, and Duke University's Program in Asian Security Studies cosponsored a conference which examined the security implications of the rise of China for the international community in general and for the United States in particular. This book, which includes an introduction and 12 papers from the conference, comprises some of the major findings of participants and attendees. Sections of the book address China as a rising power, China as a security threat, the other Asian powers in relation to China, the flashpoints in East and South Asia, …


Defeating Terrorism: Strategic Issue Analyses, John R. Martin Professor Jan 2002

Defeating Terrorism: Strategic Issue Analyses, John R. Martin Professor

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Within only a few days after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the U.S. Army War College initiated a series of short studies addressing strategic issues in the war on terrorism. This collection of essays analyzes a broad array of subjects of great strategic importance. This volume provides historical documentation of some of the advice given the military leadership in the early days of the war, but it also continues to be a source of solid strategic analysis as the war lengthens and perhaps broadens.


Colombian Army Adaptation To Farc Insurgency, Thomas A. Marks Dr. Jan 2002

Colombian Army Adaptation To Farc Insurgency, Thomas A. Marks Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author points out that Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) insurgents actively are pursuing a strategy to mobilize the disaffected and disposed people of Colombia, and to control the entire national territory. At the same time, he argues that no one in the national political establishment has taken the initiative to conduct an appropriate effort to deny FARC its objective. As a result, the Colombian Army has been left alone to direct the fight, without a coordinated and integrated national campaign plan or other resources that would allow for success. The author concludes that the Army has bought time, …


The Intervention Debate: Towards A Posture Of Principled Judgment, John Garofano Dr. Jan 2002

The Intervention Debate: Towards A Posture Of Principled Judgment, John Garofano Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author argues that American policymakers must take an approach based on "principled judgment" when deciding on the use of force. The 1990s showed the extremes of deciding when and how to use force, one of the central elements of strategy. Throughout American history, debate has raged over whether force is appropriate only in defense of the homeland and vital national interests or whether it should also be used to promote more expansive objectives like regional security and stopping humanitarian disasters in regions with few tangible U.S. interests. He concludes with a discussion of Army roles and requirements for future …


Defeating Terrorism: Strategic Issue Analyses, John R. Martin Professor Jan 2002

Defeating Terrorism: Strategic Issue Analyses, John R. Martin Professor

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Within only a few days after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the U.S. Army War College initiated a series of short studies addressing strategic issues in the war on terrorism. This collection of essays analyzes a broad array of subjects of great strategic importance. This volume provides historical documentation of some of the advice given the military leadership in the early days of the war, but it also continues to be a source of solid strategic analysis as the war lengthens and perhaps broadens.


The Rise Of China In Asia: Security Implications, Carolyn Pumphrey Dr. Jan 2002

The Rise Of China In Asia: Security Implications, Carolyn Pumphrey Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

In March 2001 the U.S. Army War College, the Triangle Institute for Strategic Studies, and Duke University's Program in Asian Security Studies cosponsored a conference which examined the security implications of the rise of China for the international community in general and for the United States in particular. This book, which includes an introduction and 12 papers from the conference, comprises some of the major findings of participants and attendees. Sections of the book address China as a rising power, China as a security threat, the other Asian powers in relation to China, the flashpoints in East and South Asia, …


Colombia's Paramilitaries: Criminals Or Political Force?, David Spencer Mr. Dec 2001

Colombia's Paramilitaries: Criminals Or Political Force?, David Spencer Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The intent of this monograph was to explore the multiple dimensions of Colombia's ongoing crisis and inform the public debate regarding the challenges faced by the statesmen, intellectuals, military strategists, and others who take on the responsibility to deal with that crisis. Hopefully, it will also generate serious reflection about the tough choices Colombian, U.S., and other global leaders face. The author points out, first, that the Colombian paramilitary self-defense forces represent some important sectors of society, and enjoy more popular support from Colombian society than the insurgents. Second, the paramilitaries have developed into a powerful irregular force that is …


Esdp And Missile Defense: European Perspectives For More Balanced Transatlantic Partnership, Martin Aguera Mr. Dec 2001

Esdp And Missile Defense: European Perspectives For More Balanced Transatlantic Partnership, Martin Aguera Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Security cooperation with Europe has been the bedrock of American strategy for more than 50 years. Today, that relationship is undergoing both stress and refinement as Europe moves toward a more unified political and security identity, and as the United States responds to a changing global security environment. While many issues have the potential to complicate U.S.-European security cooperation, few are more pressing than the U.S. pursuit of missile defense and Europe's construction of European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP). The author explains the relationship between missile defense and ESDP and shows that, rather than serving as wedges between the …


Transforming Defense An Era Of Peace And Prosperity, Conrad C. Crane Dr. Dec 2001

Transforming Defense An Era Of Peace And Prosperity, Conrad C. Crane Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The ideas and issues presented in this collection of papers from the Twelfth Annual Strategy Conference conducted by the U.S. Army War College in April 2001 will educate and inform anyone interested in the past and future course of American defense reform. Though conference attendees had many differing opinions about the barriers to defense transformation and how to overcome them, a broad consensus formed that some change is essential to meet future security requirements. They observed at the time that it is ironic that the peace which creates the prosperity and wealth to fund transformation and permits a window of …


Chinese Information Warfare: A Phantom Menace Or Emerging Threat?, Toshi Yoshihara Mr. Nov 2001

Chinese Information Warfare: A Phantom Menace Or Emerging Threat?, Toshi Yoshihara Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author explores what he perceives to be China s pursuit of information warfare (IW) as a method of fighting asymmetric warfare against the United States. He believes the Chinese are seeking ways to adapt IW to their own style of warfare. Paradoxically, he observes that the Chinese have not gleaned their intelligence through espionage, but through careful scrutiny of U.S. IW in practice. The author examines those aspects of IW--PSYOPS, Denial, and Deception--that China believes provides the greatest prospects for victory in a conflict. Not surprisingly, Sun Tzu is interwoven into this emerging theory. Targeting the enemy s nervous …


Rapid Decisive Operations: An Assumptions-Based Critique, Antulio J. Echevarria Dr. Nov 2001

Rapid Decisive Operations: An Assumptions-Based Critique, Antulio J. Echevarria Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

In support of the Joint community's efforts to develop a viable operational concept, the author argues that the Rapid Decisive Operations (RDO) concepts developers deserve high praise for attempting to link two relative properties--speed and decisiveness--but that the definition of RDO is at present incoherent and based on several deeply flawed assumptions. The author concludes that RDO creates dubious expectations and will likely fail to balance the strengths and weaknesses introduced by new technologies. He further recommends a method for identifying and addressing an operational concept s critical assumptions.


Chinese Information Warfare: A Phantom Menace Or Emerging Threat?, Toshi Yoshihara Mr. Nov 2001

Chinese Information Warfare: A Phantom Menace Or Emerging Threat?, Toshi Yoshihara Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The author explores what he perceives to be China s pursuit of information warfare (IW) as a method of fighting asymmetric warfare against the United States. He believes the Chinese are seeking ways to adapt IW to their own style of warfare. Paradoxically, he observes that the Chinese have not gleaned their intelligence through espionage, but through careful scrutiny of U.S. IW in practice. The author examines those aspects of IW--PSYOPS, Denial, and Deception--that China believes provides the greatest prospects for victory in a conflict. Not surprisingly, Sun Tzu is interwoven into this emerging theory. Targeting the enemy s nervous …


Rapid Decisive Operations: An Assumptions-Based Critique, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii Nov 2001

Rapid Decisive Operations: An Assumptions-Based Critique, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

In support of the Joint community's efforts to develop a viable operational concept, the author argues that the Rapid Decisive Operations (RDO) concepts developers deserve high praise for attempting to link two relative properties--speed and decisiveness--but that the definition of RDO is at present incoherent and based on several deeply flawed assumptions. The author concludes that RDO creates dubious expectations and will likely fail to balance the strengths and weaknesses introduced by new technologies. He further recommends a method for identifying and addressing an operational concept s critical assumptions.


The Costs Of Conflict: The Impact On China Of A Future War, Andrew Scobell Dr. Oct 2001

The Costs Of Conflict: The Impact On China Of A Future War, Andrew Scobell Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

It is increasingly important for Americans to think carefully about the vast complexities of the U.S.-China relationship, and the calculations that go into forming courses of action. The key question is: will China s so-called first priority of economic development and its resulting influence on domestic social stability curtail China s continuing reliance on military force as a means of exerting its influence? In addition, will economic development enhance China s comprehensive national power and thus contribute to some of China s more unhealthy goals, such as dominating the South China Seas, seizing Taiwan by force, or grabbing the Senkaku …


Soldiers In Cities: Military Operations On Urban Terrain, Michael Desch Dr. Oct 2001

Soldiers In Cities: Military Operations On Urban Terrain, Michael Desch Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

In the past half-century, the classic military conflict of armies maneuvering in the field has been replaced by conflicts that center on, rather than avoid, heavily populated areas. Modern military conflict more frequently is not just a fight to control villages or cities, but a variation on the timeless wish to control populations and the hearts of nations. The hardware and mass orientation of the levee en masse and industrial-age armies is being replaced by sophisticated terrorists, information warfare, and the politics of mass persuasion. These are reshaping the face of warfare. This book focuses on identifying the lessons of …


The Costs Of Conflict: The Impact On China Of A Future War, Andrew Scobell Dr. Oct 2001

The Costs Of Conflict: The Impact On China Of A Future War, Andrew Scobell Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

It is increasingly important for Americans to think carefully about the vast complexities of the U.S.-China relationship, and the calculations that go into forming courses of action. The key question is: will China s so-called first priority of economic development and its resulting influence on domestic social stability curtail China s continuing reliance on military force as a means of exerting its influence? In addition, will economic development enhance China s comprehensive national power and thus contribute to some of China s more unhealthy goals, such as dominating the South China Seas, seizing Taiwan by force, or grabbing the Senkaku …