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Creating An Effective Regional Alignment Strategy For The U.S. Army, Raven Bukowski Major, John Childress Major, Michael J. Colarusso Dr., David S. Lyle Colonel
Creating An Effective Regional Alignment Strategy For The U.S. Army, Raven Bukowski Major, John Childress Major, Michael J. Colarusso Dr., David S. Lyle Colonel
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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As the war in Afghanistan draws to a close, the Army increasingly is focused upon “regionally aligning” its forces. To do so effectively, however, it must undertake several initiatives. First, the Army must acknowledge and liberate the unique productive capabilities (talents) of each individual. Second, it must shift from process-oriented, industrial age personnel management to productivity-focused, information age talent management. Third, the Army must foster enduring human relationships between its organizations and the governments, militaries, and populations to which they are regionally aligned. Hand in hand with this, it must redesign its Force Generation Model to …
Tribal Militias: An Effective Tool To Counter Al-Qaida And Its Affiliates?, Norman Cigar Dr.
Tribal Militias: An Effective Tool To Counter Al-Qaida And Its Affiliates?, Norman Cigar Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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Despite over a decade of open war, dealing with Al-Qaida and its affiliates in the Middle East is likely to remain a concern for the foreseeable future and will pose a challenge requiring the use of any tool that is likely to be effective in meeting the threat. Developing effective tools to counter Al-Qaida’s continuing presence in the social environment of tribal militias, therefore, is a priority and requires understanding Al-Qaida’s critical vulnerabilities when it operates in those societies and developing the means to counter Al-Qaida’s efforts. Recommendations for policy where the United States is a …
Central Asia's Shrinking Connectivity Gap: Implications For U.S. Strategy, Roman Muzalevsky Mr.
Central Asia's Shrinking Connectivity Gap: Implications For U.S. Strategy, Roman Muzalevsky Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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The United States is witnessing a transformation of Central Asia—a critical yet highly understudied and misunderstood area of the world, which is seeing growing influence of China, India, and Russia. The agendas of these actors, as well as the United States, Japan, the EU, Turkey, and Iran, among others, have enabled Central and South Asian countries to shrink their connectivity gaps dramatically in the last 2 decades, aiding the U.S. grand strategy of advancing global connectivity. However, they could also potentially undermine a multidirectional connectivity and limit development choices for the Central Asian states, generating challenges …
Stepping Up: Burden Sharing By Nato's Newest Members, Joel R. Hillison Dr.
Stepping Up: Burden Sharing By Nato's Newest Members, Joel R. Hillison Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This book examines the burden sharing behavior of new NATO members. It makes the argument that new NATO members are burden sharing at a greater rate than older NATO members. It also suggests that NATO’s expansion did not lead to greater free-riding behavior in NATO, contrary to the predictions of the collective action literature. This analysis reveals that new NATO members have demonstrated the willingness to contribute to NATO missions, but are often constrained by their limited capabilities. This argument is supported using case studies, interviews with key NATO officials, and quantitative analysis of NATO defense expenditures and troop contributions.
Maneuvering The Islamist-Secularist Divide In The Arab World: How The United States Can Preserve Its Interests And Values In An Increasingly Polarized Environment, Gregory Aftandilian Mr.
Maneuvering The Islamist-Secularist Divide In The Arab World: How The United States Can Preserve Its Interests And Values In An Increasingly Polarized Environment, Gregory Aftandilian Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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This monograph examines the Islamist-secularist divide in Arab countries, particularly in Egypt and Tunisia, and why it has become so intense and polarizing. It demonstrates that having Islamist parties in power or in domineering positions in Arab societies often provokes a backlash from secular elements because the latter see the Islamists as threatening their social freedoms. For countries beginning the transitory process from authoritarianism to democracy, the monograph recommends that the United States press for a broad governing coalition and a delay in holding elections, which would allow secular-liberal forces the opportunity to build their political …
Distinguishing Acts Of War In Cyberspace: Assessment Criteria, Policy Considerations, And Response Implications, Jeffrey L. Caton Mr.
Distinguishing Acts Of War In Cyberspace: Assessment Criteria, Policy Considerations, And Response Implications, Jeffrey L. Caton Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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Determining an act of war in the traditional domains of land, sea, and air often involves sophisticated interactions of many factors that may be outside the control of the parties involved. This monograph seeks to provide senior policymakers, decisionmakers, military leaders, and their respective staffs with essential background on this topic as well as introduce an analytical framework for them to utilize according to their needs. It develops this theme in four major sections. First, it presents the characterization of cyberspace to establish terms for broader dialogue as well as to identify unique technical challenges that …
United States-Gulf Cooperation Council Security Coopeeration In A Multipolar World, Mohammed El-Katiri Dr.
United States-Gulf Cooperation Council Security Coopeeration In A Multipolar World, Mohammed El-Katiri Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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Military and security cooperation with Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states is of continuing importance for the United States, given the region's pivotal location in the Middle East and proximity to Iran. But recent developments in the defense posture of the United States, together with the U.S. responses to the Arab Spring, and the lingering after-effects of the Iraq conflict, have caused local leaders to question the nature and durability of this cooperation. This monograph examines recent developments in the political and economic dynamics in GCC countries and their neighbors, and the potential implications for U.S. security …
U.S. Policy And Strategy Toward Afghanistan After 2014, Thomas H. Johnson Prof., Larry P. Goodson Dr.
U.S. Policy And Strategy Toward Afghanistan After 2014, Thomas H. Johnson Prof., Larry P. Goodson Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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What should the United States do about Afghanistan? After nearly 13 years and substantial U.S. national commitment in a country on the other side of the world, much has changed in Afghanistan, the United States, Afghanistan’s region, and the globe. To prepare policy and strategy recommendations on Afghanistan for U.S. leaders, this monograph answers six key questions: 1. Did the United States have or develop critical national interests in Afghanistan and its immediate neighborhood on or because of the events of September 11, 2001? 2. Was overall U.S. strategy to pursue those interests successful and appropriate? …
After The Spring: Reforming Arab Armies, Florence Gaub Dr.
After The Spring: Reforming Arab Armies, Florence Gaub Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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As the Arab Spring has renewed Western interest in the political, as well as military, role of Arab armed forces, reform—rather than mere assistance—is crucial. In this monograph, the author focuses on the structural aspects of reform from which the Arab Spring forces would benefit. Seven features are identified which need to be addressed when attempting Arab military reform in the countries affected by large-scale unrest in 2011: an unclear mandate, over-politicization, a challenging ongoing security situation, limited resources, lack of civilian oversight, pockets of paramilitary activity, and, in parts, as well as the lack of …
Turkey's New Regional Security Role: Implications For The United States, Richard Weitz Dr.
Turkey's New Regional Security Role: Implications For The United States, Richard Weitz Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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Until a few years ago, the relationship between Washington and Ankara was perennially troubled and occasionally terrible. Turkey opposed the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq and complained that the Pentagon was allowing Iraqi Kurds too much autonomy, leading to deteriorating security along the Iraq-Turkish border. Disagreements over how to respond to Iran’s nuclear program; U.S. suspicions regarding Turkey’s outreach efforts to Iran and Syria; and differences over Armenia, Palestinians, and the Black Sea further strained ties. However, Turkey is now seen as responding to its local challenges by moving closer to the West. The United States …
A New Type Of Great Power Relationship Between The United States And China: The Military Dimension, Geoffrey Till Professor
A New Type Of Great Power Relationship Between The United States And China: The Military Dimension, Geoffrey Till Professor
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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The relative economic and military rise of China is likely to lead a major shift in the world’s strategic architecture. The form that China's new role takes will have a decisive impact on the interests of the United States and its allies and partners in the region. For the outcome to be generally beneficial, China needs to be dissuaded from hegemonic aspirations and retained as a cooperative partner in the world system. President Xi Jinping's recent suggestion that a newly empowered China and the United States adopt a relationship that is new and different from previous …
Political And Socio-Economic Change: Revolutions And Their Implications For The U.S. Military, John R. Deni
Political And Socio-Economic Change: Revolutions And Their Implications For The U.S. Military, John R. Deni
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Dramatic political, economic, and social changes across both the Greater Middle East and Latin America over the last several years—in some instances revolutionary, in others evolutionary—have had profound implications for global security generally and U.S. security specifically. Policymakers in Washington are hence confronted with the issue of how to respond to the various changes in these disparate regions in order to safeguard U.S. interests, promote Western values, and shape the security environment into the future. Whether and to what degree U.S. policymakers can influence the unfolding changes and shape outcomes remains to be seen. But if Washington is to achieve …
Strategic Implications Of The Evolving Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Henry Plater-Zyberk Mr., Andrew Monaghan Dr.
Strategic Implications Of The Evolving Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Henry Plater-Zyberk Mr., Andrew Monaghan Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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The role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in regional politics and the significance of the organization for U.S. interests are widely misunderstood. The organization is emphatically not a military bloc, and yet engages in joint activities which resemble military cooperation to U.S. eyes. It is, in theory, open to new members; but at present is highly unlikely to accept any. Its rhetoric firmly opposes U.S. presence and activity on the territory of member states, and yet individual member states leverage basing agreements with the U.S. to their advantage. The author reviews SCO's history and stated …
Russia And The Caspian Sea: Projecting Power Or Competing For Influence?, Tracey German Dr.
Russia And The Caspian Sea: Projecting Power Or Competing For Influence?, Tracey German Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This monograph examines Russia’s policy toward the Caspian Sea region as Moscow attempts to counterbalance growing American involvement within what it perceives to be its zone of privileged interest. It focuses on the recent expansion of the Caspian Flotilla and the rationale behind it. Moscow has sought to counterbalance the growing involvement of other actors in the region, which has led to rising tension between Russia and its southern neighbors. The primary objectives of the research are to examine Russian perceptions of threat and security in the Caspian region and assess the implications for other actors. This monograph analyzes the …
European Missile Defense And Russia, Keir Giles Mr., Andrew Monaghan Dr.
European Missile Defense And Russia, Keir Giles Mr., Andrew Monaghan Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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This monograph examines the history of missile defense and the current dialogue from a Russian perspective, in order to explain the root causes of Russian alarm. Specific recommendations for managing the Russia relationship in the context of missile defense are given. Important conclusions are also drawn for the purpose of managing the dialogue over missile defense plans not only with Russia as an opponent, but also with European NATO allies as partners and hosts. The latter are especially significant in the light of these partners' heightened hard security concerns following Russian annexation of Crimea and continuing …
Russia's Contribution As A Partner In The War On Terrorism, Henry Plater-Zyberk Mr.
Russia's Contribution As A Partner In The War On Terrorism, Henry Plater-Zyberk Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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This monograph examines terrorism and counterterrorism from the Russian perspective so as to assess prospects for cooperation with Russia in fighting terror. It concludes that, regardless of the state of political relations between Russia and the United States at any given time, longer-term systemic and conceptual obstacles to meaningful cooperation may well prevent any significant Russian contribution to U.S. counterterrorism efforts. This monograph details Russian definitions of terrorism and then looks at the Russian security “pyramid,” which sets out the relevant authority structure. It examines the roles of coordinating bodies such as the Security Council and …
Visual Propaganda And Extremism In The Online Environment, Cori E. Dauber, Carol K. Winkler
Visual Propaganda And Extremism In The Online Environment, Cori E. Dauber, Carol K. Winkler
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Visual images have been a central component of propaganda for as long as propaganda has been produced. But recent developments in communication and information technologies have given terrorist and extremist groups options and abilities they never would have been able to come close to even 5 or 10 years ago. There are terrorist groups who, with very little initial investment, are making videos that are coming so close to the quality of BBC or CNN broadcasts that the difference is meaningless, and with access to the web they have instantaneous access to a global audience. Given the broad social science …
Revival Of Political Islam In The Aftermath Of Arab Uprisings: Implications For The Region And Beyond, Mohammed El-Katiri Dr.
Revival Of Political Islam In The Aftermath Of Arab Uprisings: Implications For The Region And Beyond, Mohammed El-Katiri Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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Regime change during the Arab Spring allowed Islamist political forces that had long been marginalized to achieve political influence in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya. Morocco’s first government led by an Islamist party has been in power since January 2012. This trend caused widespread concern over the future direction of these states; but despite the tragic example of Egypt, few negative predictions have yet been borne out. The author cautions against an overly simplistic assessment of this rise in the influence and power of political Islam. He shows that the political crises besetting each of these Islamist …
The Future Of American Landpower: Does Forward Presence Still Matter? The Case Of The Army In The Pacific, John R. Deni Dr.
The Future Of American Landpower: Does Forward Presence Still Matter? The Case Of The Army In The Pacific, John R. Deni Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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The time has come for a reappraisal of the U.S. Army’s forward presence in East Asia, given the evolving strategic context and the extraordinarily high, recurring costs of deploying U.S. Army forces from the 50 states for increasingly important security cooperation activities across the Indo-Asia-Pacific theater. Without unduly harming America's commitment to deterrence on the Korean peninsula, a reconfigured Army forward presence could help to achieve U.S. objectives throughout the theater more effectively through more regular, longer-duration engagement with critical allies and partners, while reducing the recurring transportation costs associated with today’s practice of sending U.S.-based …
Countering Radicalization And Recruitment To Al-Qaeda: Fighting The War Of Deeds, Paul Kamolnick Dr.
Countering Radicalization And Recruitment To Al-Qaeda: Fighting The War Of Deeds, Paul Kamolnick Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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This Letort Paper proposes that actions, policies, and deeds—those of the U.S. Government and al-Qaeda—be leveraged as a means of delegitimizing al-Qaeda terrorist propaganda. Two chief fronts—changing deeds and challenging deeds—is proposed. Changing deeds requires that the United States carefully and systematically examine its own foreign and military policies and their specific consequences for the Arab and Muslim world. Challenging deeds comprises systematically countering with evidence and fact al-Qaeda’s two greatest propagandistic fabrications: that the United States is a crusader at war with Islam, and that al-Qaeda is the vanguard defender of a besieged and oppressed …
Democratization And Instability In Ukraine, Georgia, And Belarus, Robert Nalbandov Dr.
Democratization And Instability In Ukraine, Georgia, And Belarus, Robert Nalbandov Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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This monograph analyzes the interconnections between the democratic institutionalization of the newly independent states of Ukraine, Georgia, and Belarus, their political (in)stability, and economic development and prosperity. By introducing the concept of regime mimicry into the field of public administration, this monograph extends the epistemological frameworks of the democratization school to the phenomenon of political culture. Successes and failures of the democratic institutionalization processes in these countries largely depend on the ways their institutional actors reacted to internal and external disturbances of their domestic political, econmic, and cultural environments. While Georgia’s political culture revealed the highest …
Cyberterrorism After Stuxnet, Thomas M. Chen Dr.
Cyberterrorism After Stuxnet, Thomas M. Chen Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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The discovery of STUXNET was a recent milestone in the arena of cyber security because it was the first malware designed to cause real world damage to industrial control systems. It demonstrated that a sufficiently determined adversary might be able to cause physical damage to U.S. critical infrastructure through a cyberattack. This monograph asks if STUXNET has had an effect on cyberterrorism in terms of motive, means, and opportunity. It is argued that terrorists have ample motive, opportunity, and modest means, which raises the question of why a major cyberattack has not happened yet. The lack …
The Paracel Islands And U.S. Interests And Approaches In The South China Sea, Clarence J. Bouchat (Usaf, Ret.) Lieutenant Colonel
The Paracel Islands And U.S. Interests And Approaches In The South China Sea, Clarence J. Bouchat (Usaf, Ret.) Lieutenant Colonel
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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The Paracel Islands and South China Sea disputes require better understanding by U.S. policymakers in order to address the region’s challenges. To attain that needed understanding, legal aspects of customary and modern laws are explored in this monograph to analyze the differences between competing maritime and territorial claims, and why and how China and Vietnam stake rival claims or maritime legal rights. Throughout, U.S. policies are examined through U.S. conflicted interests in the region. Recommendations for how the United States should engage these issues, a more appropriate task than trying to solve the disputes outright, are …
The Growing Complexity Of Sino-Indian Ties, Harsh V. Pant Dr.
The Growing Complexity Of Sino-Indian Ties, Harsh V. Pant Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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According to most political observers, the global political architecture is undergoing a transformation with power increasingly shifting from the West to the East. The two most populous nations on the earth, China and India, are on their way to becoming economic powerhouses and are shedding their reticence in asserting their global profiles, making their relationship of still greater importance for the international system. The evolution of Sino-Indian ties over the last few decades and the constraints that continue to inhibit this relationship from achieving its full potential are examined. The implications of this for the United …
Operational Reservations: Considerations For A Total Army Force, John D. Ellis Col, Laura Mcknight Mackenzie Col (Ret.)
Operational Reservations: Considerations For A Total Army Force, John D. Ellis Col, Laura Mcknight Mackenzie Col (Ret.)
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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As the Army Reserve Components—the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard—assume an “operational” mission as the force drawdowns in overseas contingency operations occur, the Army senior military and civilian leadership should consider the ramifications and realities of such a mission in what is expected to be a relatively peaceful time. This monograph explores some of these considerations regarding the implementation of the Army Total Force Policy, identifies potential obstacles, and makes recommendations to better engage the “three Armies” in a successful and meaningful reform effort. Throughout, the authors call for significant cultural shifts in thinking …
Russian Military Transformation - Goal In Sight?, Andrew Monaghan Dr., Keir Giles Mr.
Russian Military Transformation - Goal In Sight?, Andrew Monaghan Dr., Keir Giles Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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The Russian Armed Forces have been undergoing major structural reform since 2008. Despite change at the most senior levels of leadership, the desired endstate for Russia's military is now clear; but this endstate is determined by a flawed political perception of the key threats facing Russia. This monograph reviews those threat evaluations, and the challenges facing Russia's military transformation, to assess the range of options available to Russia for closing the capability gap with the United States and its allies.
From War To Deterrence? Israel-Hezbollah Conflict Since 2006, Jean-Loup Samaan Dr.
From War To Deterrence? Israel-Hezbollah Conflict Since 2006, Jean-Loup Samaan Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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Over the last 7 years, the border between Israel and Lebanon has remained quiet. Against all odds, in a Middle East experiencing tremendous challenges, Israel and Hezbollah did not trigger a new conflict. To understand this paradox, the monograph explores the mechanisms of deterrence in the competition between both actors. Based on original materials, the author underlines the recent doctrinal innovations on both sides that engendered strategic stability in the area and ventures thoughts on potential evolutions in the near future.
Soldiers Of Misfortune?, Thomas R. Mockaitis Dr.
Soldiers Of Misfortune?, Thomas R. Mockaitis Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
In examining the role of security contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan, the author draws broad lessons from which he provides concrete recommendations to improve the conduct of further missions. Rather than do away with contractors altogether, the author recommends limiting their roles, providing better oversight of their activities, and improving legal accountability for their wrong doing. This monograph will be of interest to soldiers and policymakers engaged in the difficult task of planning and conducting contingency operations.
Islamism And Security In Bosnia-Herzegovina, Leslie S. Lebl Ms.
Islamism And Security In Bosnia-Herzegovina, Leslie S. Lebl Ms.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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U.S. experts fear violence could once again break out in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and some even want the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to mount another military mission there. Yet few of these experts focus on the danger of gradually expanding Islamism. In Bosnia, it appears to have made slow but steady progress, despite resistance from Bosnia’s moderate Muslims. Senior Bosniak (Muslim) leaders retain their long-standing Islamist ties, and their calls to impose traditional Islamic law, or sharia, and develop closer ties with the Islamic world only aggravate Bosnian Croat and Serb separatism.
The Resurgence Of Al-Qaeda In Syria And Iraq, Azeem Ibrahim Dr.
The Resurgence Of Al-Qaeda In Syria And Iraq, Azeem Ibrahim Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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The Syrian civil war has allowed al-Qaeda to recover from its setbacks up to 2010. Its main affiliate in the region seems to be testing a new strategy of collaboration with other Salafist-Jihadist groups and a less brutal implementation of Sharia law in areas it controls. In combination, this might allow the Al Nusrah Front to carve out the sort of territorial control of a region (or state) that al-Qaeda has sought ever since its eviction from Afghanistan. On the other hand, Syria has also seen a civil war between two al-Qaeda inspired factions (Al Nusrah …