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Gold, Blood, And Power: Finance And War Through The Ages, James Lacey Mr.
Gold, Blood, And Power: Finance And War Through The Ages, James Lacey Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This monograph presents a survey of the crucial link between state (national) power and finance from the ancient era through to the present day. Cicero once said that the true sinew of war was “endless streams of money.” His observation remains as accurate today as it was when Rome first began constructing its Empire. Unfortunately, too many historical works leave this crucial underpinning link out of their narratives. Even those that do discuss economic and financial concerns typically miss the fact that the size of a state’s economy often has little to do with its capacity to wield influence on …
The Gulf Moment: Arab Relations Since 2011, Florence Gaub Dr.
The Gulf Moment: Arab Relations Since 2011, Florence Gaub Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This monograph examines the impact that the “Arab Spring” has had on how Arab states relate to each other post-regime change and post-Islamist electoral victory. It shows that the region is undergoing a profound change as some traditional regional policy actors are paralyzed by internal turmoil (such as Syria and Egypt), while others do not have a regional ambition (such as Algeria and Morocco). The region has therefore entered a Gulf moment where key decisions pertaining to the region’s future are now taken in Riyadh, Doha, and Abu Dhabi. From having once been mere bystanders of regional politics, the Gulf …
From Frozen Ties To Strategic Engagement: U.S.-Iranian Relationship In 2030, Roman Muzalevsky Mr.
From Frozen Ties To Strategic Engagement: U.S.-Iranian Relationship In 2030, Roman Muzalevsky Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The nuclear talks between Iran and P5+1 following the most stringent sanctions against Iran to date have opened new prospects for relaxation of tensions between Tehran and the West and for a U.S.-Iranian détente in the long run. The coming to power of new presidential administrations in both the United States and Iran, the additional sanctions, major geo-economic and geopolitical trends, and U.S.-Iranian economic and security cooperation imperatives all contributed to these dynamics. Some view the talks as a new beginning in U.S.-Iranian ties, which could herald the emergence of a U.S.-Iranian strategic relationship in the next 15 years. This …
Strengthening Statehood Capabilities For Successful Transitions In The Middle East / North Africa Region, Mohammed El-Katiri Dr.
Strengthening Statehood Capabilities For Successful Transitions In The Middle East / North Africa Region, Mohammed El-Katiri Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
In this monograph, Dr. Mohammed El-Katiri focuses on the variety of challenges that face reform attempts in the post-revolution Arab countries. He examines underlying factors that have prevented new political elites and post-revolution institutions from successfully implementing essential reforms. He explains how these failures have affected the building of these countries' political legitimacy. Dr. El-Katiri concludes with a series of specific policy recommendations, with the aim of preventing further deterioration to the detriment of U.S. interests.
Confidence Building In Cyberspace: A Comparison Of Territorial And Weapons-Based Regimes, Mary Manjikian Dr.
Confidence Building In Cyberspace: A Comparison Of Territorial And Weapons-Based Regimes, Mary Manjikian Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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An analysis of weapons-based confidence-building measures shows how academics can work together to self-police their research for national security implications, socialize new members of the academic community into the importance of considering security issues, and develop and disseminate norms regarding what is and is not a moral and ethical use of these technologies. It may be possible for academics and policymakers to come together to work for a ban or build-down on cyber weapons patterned on international efforts to ban chemical and biological weapons and implement export regimes to control the export of code which may …
Evolving Army Needs For Space-Based Support, Jeffrey L. Caton
Evolving Army Needs For Space-Based Support, Jeffrey L. Caton
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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The Army has been involved with space-based military operations for well over a half-century. During this time, space operations have changed from a realm exclusive to scientists and engineers, to highly classified activities largely unknown to the general population, to the unveiling of space-based communication, imagery, surveillance, and environment capabilities that have become a foundation for all modern warfare. Today, such support is so ingrained into daily operations that most soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines assume it has been, and always will be, available for their use. But with such reliance comes vulnerability that potential adversaries …
Toward A Unified Military Response: Hurricane Sandy And The Dual Status Commander, Ryan Burke Dr., Sue Mcneil Dr.
Toward A Unified Military Response: Hurricane Sandy And The Dual Status Commander, Ryan Burke Dr., Sue Mcneil Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The 2013-14 Army War College Key Strategic Issues List stated: “If Hurricane Sandy is seen as an archetype of a complex catastrophe, then a careful analysis of the effectiveness of the DoD response within the context of dual status commanders [DSCs], lead federal agencies, and state response capabilities needs to be conducted.” This monograph does exactly that as it carefully and comprehensively analyzes the DSC-led military response to Hurricane Sandy in New York. Through this lens, it illustrates and discusses the perspectives of the DSC construct and offers recommendations for leveraging existing capabilities and improving those deemed insufficient. Using a …
Stand Up And Fight! The Creation Of U.S. Security Organizations, 1942-2005, Ty Seidule Colonel, Jacqueline E. Whitt Dr.
Stand Up And Fight! The Creation Of U.S. Security Organizations, 1942-2005, Ty Seidule Colonel, Jacqueline E. Whitt Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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Stand Up and Fight is a collection of essays that explores how new National Security Organizations are stood up—that is, formed, organized, funded, and managed—in the first years of their existence. From Joint ventures to combatant commands to cabinet-level departments, each organization’s history reveals important themes and lessons for leaders to consider in forming a new organization. A substantive introduction defines the scope of the project and outlines several important themes including organizational rivalry, the problems of analogical reasoning, the use of simulations, the consequences of failure, the significance of leadership and organizational culture, working with …
Parsing Chinese-Russian Military Exercises, Richard Weitz Dr.
Parsing Chinese-Russian Military Exercises, Richard Weitz Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
China and Russia have engaged in an increasing number of joint exercises in recent years. These drills aim to help them deter and, if necessary, defeat potential threats, such as Islamist terrorists trying to destabilize a Central Asian government, while at the same time reassuring their allies that Russia and China would protect them from such challenges. Furthermore, the exercises and other joint Russia-China military activities have a mutual reassurance function, informing Moscow and Beijing about the other’s military potential and building mutual confidence about their friendly intentions toward one another. Finally, the joint exercises try to communicate to third …
A Russian View On Landpower, Keir Giles Mr., Aleksandr V. Rogovoy Major General
A Russian View On Landpower, Keir Giles Mr., Aleksandr V. Rogovoy Major General
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Russia’s seizure of Crimea, and ongoing operations in eastern Ukraine, have refocused attention on the Russian military as a potential cause for concern in Europe. This Letort Paper, by an influential Russian general and military academic, lays out specifically Russian views on the essential nature of strong conventional land forces, and how they may be used. With an expert commentary providing essential context and interpretation, the Paper presents a valuable insight into Russian military thinking, at a potentially critical juncture for European security.
Another Brick In The Wall: The Israeli Experience In Missile Defense, Jean-Loup Samaan Dr.
Another Brick In The Wall: The Israeli Experience In Missile Defense, Jean-Loup Samaan Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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For the last 4 decades, Israel has been challenged by the rise of ballistic arsenals in the Middle East. If, at first, the country kept relying on its traditional offensive doctrines, it eventually developed missile defense programs in the early-1980s through U.S.-Israel cooperation and then in the 2000s with the building of its iconic Iron Dome. This Israeli experience in missile defense reveals crucial lessons on the military adaptation to both new threats and new remedies that have direct implications for the United States and its allies.
Space-Based Solar Power: A Technical, Economic, And Operational Assessment, Jeffrey L. Caton Mr.
Space-Based Solar Power: A Technical, Economic, And Operational Assessment, Jeffrey L. Caton Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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With growing international awareness of energy security challenges, the promise of space-based solar power for clean and unlimited energy for all humankind is certainly appealing. While significant progress continues in the enabling technologies of such systems, is there compelling evidence that space-based solar power systems will provide the best energy solution? How does the Army’s current approach to incorporating a diverse portfolio of renewable energy sources in distributed locations compare to the potential of enterprise ventures that beam energy from solar collectors in space? For over 4 decades, many credible organizations in government and industry have …
The State-Society/Citizen Relationship In Security Analysis: Implications For Planning And Implementation Of U.S. Intervention And Peace/State-Building Operations, Yannis A. Stivachtis Dr.
The State-Society/Citizen Relationship In Security Analysis: Implications For Planning And Implementation Of U.S. Intervention And Peace/State-Building Operations, Yannis A. Stivachtis Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The end of the Cold War, and especially the events of September 11, 2001, have led to the redefinition of the U.S. Army’s role. In this new environment, the purpose of the U.S. Army is not only to win a battle or a war, but also to be involved effectively in peace operations in post-conflict societies. To make the U.S. Army more effective requires prior knowledge about the political, societal, and cultural environment within which these operations would take place, as well as the acquisition of a new set of skills that would allow the U.S. Army to handle sensitive …
Maturing Defense Support Of Civil Authorities And The Dual Status Commander Arrangement Through The Lens Of Process Improvement, Sue Mcneil Dr., Ryan Burke Dr.
Maturing Defense Support Of Civil Authorities And The Dual Status Commander Arrangement Through The Lens Of Process Improvement, Sue Mcneil Dr., Ryan Burke Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
The authors advocate the integration of process improvement methods into future Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) operations. They briefly discuss alternative process improvement strategies and their current state of employment in a variety of DoD programs. Methods discussed include Lean Six Sigma, Total Quality Management, and Capability Maturity Models, the utility of such methods is demonstrated, and the value in applying process improvement methods to DSCA operations is articulated. Three recommendations are given to demonstrate how a usable process maturity model can be built and employed for future operations. The monograph concludes by reaffirming the inherent utility of, and …
Thucydides Was Right: Defining The Future Threat, Colin S. Gray Dr.
Thucydides Was Right: Defining The Future Threat, Colin S. Gray Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
To define future threat is, in a sense, an impossible task, yet it is one that must be done. The only sources of empirical evidence accessible are the past and the present; one cannot obtain understanding about the future from the future. The author draws upon the understanding of strategic history obtainable from Thucydides’ great History of the Peloponnesian War. He advises prudence as the operating light for American definition of future threat, and believes that there are historical parallels between the time of Thucydides and our own that can help us avoid much peril. The future must always …
Assessing Egyptian Public Support For Security Crackdowns In The Sinai, Gregory Aftandilian Mr.
Assessing Egyptian Public Support For Security Crackdowns In The Sinai, Gregory Aftandilian Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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This monograph examines the terrorist groups in Egypt emanating from the Sinai and assesses the level of Egyptian public support for the government's security crackdown. These terrorist groups have not only targeted Egyptian security personnel and foreign tourists in the Sinai Peninsula but have attacked government installations and personnel in the Egyptian mainland. Because most Egyptians desire stability, want terrorism to end, and want their moribund economy to grow, and because they have few family ties to the Bedouin inhabitants of the Sinai, they have given the government wide berth to carry out a heavy-handed crackdown …
New Realities: Energy Security In The 2010s And Implications For The U.S. Military, John R. Deni Dr.
New Realities: Energy Security In The 2010s And Implications For The U.S. Military, John R. Deni Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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Revolutionary changes among energy producers and dramatically altered patterns of energy consumption across the planet are having profound implications for American national security in general and the U.S. Army specifically. The U.S. Army War College gathered experts from the policymaking community, academia, think tanks, the private sector, and the military services at the Reserve Officers Association in Washington, DC, in November 2013 to address first the major “new realities,” both geographically and technologically, and then the specific military implications. The chapters of this compendium are based on the presentations delivered at that conference, which was funded …
Prospects For Iran's New Direction, Keir Giles Mr.
Prospects For Iran's New Direction, Keir Giles Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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This monograph, completed ahead of the November 2014 deadline, examines some of the underlying factors which will be constant in dealing with a nuclear capable Iran under President Hassan Rouhani, and which will help determine the success or failure of talks in 2015. It analyzes Rouhani's eventful first year in office in order to provide pointers to what may be possible—and to some key limiting factors—for Iran under his leadership. During that time, Rouhani has been forced to balance his own progressive instincts with the instinctual caution of more conservative elements of the Iranian ruling elite. …
Lying To Ourselves: Dishonesty In The Army Profession, Leonard Wong Dr., Stephen J. Gerras Dr.
Lying To Ourselves: Dishonesty In The Army Profession, Leonard Wong Dr., Stephen J. Gerras Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
Untruthfulness is surprisingly common in the U.S. military even though members of the profession are loath to admit it. Further, much of the deception and dishonesty that occurs in the profession of arms is actually encouraged and sanctioned by the military institution. The end result is a profession whose members often hold and propagate a false sense of integrity that prevents the profession from addressing—or even acknowledging—the duplicity and deceit throughout the formation. It takes remarkable courage and candor for leaders to admit the gritty shortcomings and embarrassing frailties of the military as an organization in order to better the …
Always Strategic: Jointly Essential Landpower, Colin S. Gray Dr.
Always Strategic: Jointly Essential Landpower, Colin S. Gray Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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American Landpower is a strategic instrument of state policy and needs to be considered as such. This monograph explores and explains the nature of Landpower, both in general terms and also with particular regard to the American case. The monograph argues that: (1) Landpower is unique in the character of the quality it brings to the American joint team for national security; (2) the U.S. has a permanent need for the human quality in Landpower that this element provides inherently; (3) Landpower is always and, indeed, necessarily strategic in its meaning and implications—it is a quintessentially …
Breaking The Nordic Defense Deadlock, Stefan Forss Dr., Pekka Holopainen Colonel (Ret.)
Breaking The Nordic Defense Deadlock, Stefan Forss Dr., Pekka Holopainen Colonel (Ret.)
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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Russian actions in Ukraine in 2014 have prompted an urgent reassessment of the defense posture of many European nations. The Nordic states in particular are grappling with a 2-decade legacy of defense drawdowns and repositioning for expeditionary warfare. The challenge for these nations is how to resurrect a credible military deterrent in the face of continuing Russian assertiveness. One attractive option is closer defense cooperation between the Nordic states, but moves in this direction are slow and faltering. Political complications include the deeply ambivalent attitude of Sweden and Finland to the prospect of NATO membership. In …
Senior Conference 50, The Army We Need: The Role Of Landpower In An Uncertain Strategic Environment, Charlie D. Lewis Major, Rachel M. Sondheimer Dr., Jeffrey D. Peterson Colonel
Senior Conference 50, The Army We Need: The Role Of Landpower In An Uncertain Strategic Environment, Charlie D. Lewis Major, Rachel M. Sondheimer Dr., Jeffrey D. Peterson Colonel
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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The United States Military Academy (USMA) Senior Conference is run annually by the Department of Social Sciences at the USMA on behalf of the Superintendent. This event allows distinguished representatives from the private sector, government, academia, the think-tank community, and the joint military services to discuss important national security topics. Senior Conference 2014, the 50th iteration of this event, explored emerging trends and their implications for the Army’s strategic contribution to national security. As policymakers strive to rebalance U.S. national security investments in a fiscally constrained environment, debates about the future roles and missions of the …
Getting To The Left Of Sharp: Lessons Learned From West Point's Efforts To Combat Sexual Harassment And Assault, Robert L. Caslen Lieutenant General, Cindy R. Jebb Colonel, Hope C. Landsem Cadet, Daniel Gade Lieutenant Colonel
Getting To The Left Of Sharp: Lessons Learned From West Point's Efforts To Combat Sexual Harassment And Assault, Robert L. Caslen Lieutenant General, Cindy R. Jebb Colonel, Hope C. Landsem Cadet, Daniel Gade Lieutenant Colonel
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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On July 26, 1948, President Harry Truman signed Executive Order 9981, ending the practice of segregating the military services by race. That same year, the Army allowed women to join the services on an equal basis with men. Both of these steps preceded the larger societal changes that allowed fully equal treatment of all types of American citizens in military service. Just over 2 years ago, Congress repealed the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, allowing for gays and lesbians to openly take their place in the military. Our procedures and policies for successful gender integration have …
The Effective Use Of Reserve Personnel In The U.S. Military: Lessons From The United Kingdom Reserve Model, Shima D. Keene Dr.
The Effective Use Of Reserve Personnel In The U.S. Military: Lessons From The United Kingdom Reserve Model, Shima D. Keene Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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This monograph identifies areas where the U.S. Army and other services can potentially benefit from examining the United Kingdom's comparable program of reserve reform. Key areas where aspects of this reform have been entirely counterproductive are identified, as well as specific and expensive recent British mistakes which it is essential for the U.S. military to avoid.
Do Fewer Resources Mean Less Influence? A Comparative Historical Case Study Of Military Influence In A Time Of Austerity, Mary Manjikian Dr.
Do Fewer Resources Mean Less Influence? A Comparative Historical Case Study Of Military Influence In A Time Of Austerity, Mary Manjikian Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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As military conflicts come to an end, it is not uncommon for societies to expect a “peace dividend” and to engage in elite and popular conversations about how much defense spending is still needed. The issues are similar across countries and time periods: How can defense planners preserve capabilities, avoid the reversibility problem, and plan for the long term? How can they guide the development of technologies and doctrines in a climate of austerity? This manuscript draws lessons from previous historic situations and applies them to today.
Army Support Of Military Cyberspace Operations: Joint Contexts And Global Escalation Implications, Jeffrey L. Caton Mr.
Army Support Of Military Cyberspace Operations: Joint Contexts And Global Escalation Implications, Jeffrey L. Caton Mr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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Military cyberspace operations have evolved significantly over the past 2 decades and are now emerging into the realm of military operations in the traditional domains of land, sea, and air. The goal of this monograph is to provide senior policymakers, decisionmakers, military leaders, and their respective staffs with a better understanding of Army cyberspace operations within the context of overall U.S. military cyberspace operations. It examines the development of such operations in three major sections. First, it looks at the evolution of Department of Defense cyberspace operations over the past decade to include the founding of …
Operationalizing Counter Threat Finance Strategies, Shima D. Keene Dr.
Operationalizing Counter Threat Finance Strategies, Shima D. Keene Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
This Letort Paper describes effective Counter Threat Finance strategies as a specific area where the capability of U.S. and allied militaries can be augmented for the purpose of targeted action against adversaries. With appropriate analysis and exploitation, financial data can be used to reveal patterns of enemy behavior, motivations, and possible intentions as well as lifestyles and networks, all of which will impact directly upon military operations within a counterinsurgency environment. The targeting of the financial, and perhaps more importantly, the economic base of an organization, will not only impact the operational capability of that organization, but can ultimately lead …
Regionalizing East Mediterranean Gas: Energy Security, Stability, And The U.S. Role, Mohammed El-Katiri Dr., Laura El-Katiri Ms.
Regionalizing East Mediterranean Gas: Energy Security, Stability, And The U.S. Role, Mohammed El-Katiri Dr., Laura El-Katiri Ms.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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The East Mediterranean has been witnessing an unparalleled natural resource boom since the late-2000s, when Israel, followed by Cyprus, made its first significant offshore hydrocarbon discoveries in many years. These discoveries have since proven to be substantially larger than any other resources previously explored in the East Mediterranean Sea. At the time of this writing, they consist primarily of natural gas, although liquids are expected to be discovered offshore as well, including in the potentially hydrocarbon-rich waters of Lebanon and Syria. A 2010 U.S. Geological Survey suggests the Levant basin—the area including Cyprus and Israel’s offshore …
Re-Examining The Roles Of Landpower In The 21st Century And Their Implications, William T. Johnsen Dr.
Re-Examining The Roles Of Landpower In The 21st Century And Their Implications, William T. Johnsen Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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After 13 years of prolonged ground combat, a weary American public is leery of further interventions requiring land forces. Shifting geostrategic conditions, such as a revanchist Russia and a rising China, reinforce this reluctance. At the same time, technological innovation once more offers the chimera of war from a distance that does not endanger land forces. Nonetheless, at some point, a highly volatile international security environment will place U.S. national interests at risk, requiring the use of military power. Given the increasing rise of interdependence among all components of military power (air, cyberspace, land, sea, and …
The Role Of Leadership In Transitional States: The Cases Of Lebanon, Israel-Palestine, Anastasia Filippidou Dr.
The Role Of Leadership In Transitional States: The Cases Of Lebanon, Israel-Palestine, Anastasia Filippidou Dr.
Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies
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Leadership is dynamic; it is a continuous process and ever-changing relationship between numerous different factors. The research focuses on political leadership in transitional situations and the efforts of leadership in the transformation process from weak and fragmented states or communities to peaceful and viable states. These concepts are tested vis-à-vis U.S. foreign policy toward the Middle East, which will have to be adaptive and flexible on the one hand in order to show ability and will; but will also have to be consistent on the other, so that it can show commitment and impartiality.