Digital Commons Network^™

An Evaluation Of The Safety Of The Cycling In Dublin City For Dit Students, Niamh O' Reilly

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Cycling as a mode of transport offers many benefits including a cheap, cost effective, healthy, fast, mainly congestion free and environmentally friendly means of getting to and from places of employment and education. Given the central location of Technological University Dublin campus buildings this would seem an ideal option for its third level students, but on the contrary, a DIT online travel survey conducted in March 2014 found that only 7% of students chose cycling as their primary mode of transport. Concerns about cyclist safety were a major factor cited by students who chose alternative modes of transport. Based on …

Be An Advocate For Others, Unless You Are A Man: Backlash Against Gender-Atypical Male Job Candidates, Mary Kinahan, Janine Bosak

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Previous research shows that gender vanguards (individuals who demonstrate gender-atypical skills and behavior) suffer backlash in the form of social and economic penalties (Rudman & Phelan, 2008). This study examined backlash against female and male job applicants who were either gender-atypical or typical. Professionals (N = 149) evaluated female or male managerial applicants for internal promotion described in their performance review as showing either self-advocacy or advocacy on behalf of their team. Atypical, other-advocating men were judged to be low on agency and competence and penalized with job dismissal. Serial mediation analysis demonstrated that, compared with other-advocating women, other-advocating …

Social Facts, Legal Fictions, And The Attribution Of Slave Status: The Puzzle Of Prescription, Rebecca J. Scott

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In case after case, prosecutors, judges and juries therefore still struggle to come up with a definition of slavery, looking for some set of criteria or indicia that will enable them to discern whether the phenomenon they are observing constitutes enslavement. In this definitional effort, contemporary jurists may imagine that in the past, surely the question was simpler: someone either was or was not a slave. However, the existence of a set of laws declaring that persons could be owned as property did not, even in the nineteenth century, answer by itself the question of whether a given person was …

A Small Step Forwards On The Erd˝Os-S´Os Problem Concerning The Ramsey Numbers R(3, K), Rujie Zhu, Xiaodong Xu, Stanislaw Radziszowski

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Let ∆s = R(K3, Ks) − R(K3, Ks−1), where R(G, H) is the Ramsey number of graphs G and H defined as the smallest n such that any edge coloring of Kn with two colors contains G in the first color or H in the second color. In 1980, Erd˝os and S´os posed some questions about the growth of ∆s. The best known concrete bounds on ∆s are 3 ≤ ∆s ≤ s, and they have not been improved since the stating of the problem. In this paper we present some constructions, which imply in particular that R(K3, Ks) ≥ …

Three Steps Forward, One Step Back? Reflection On 'Google Taxes' And The Destination-Based Corporate Tax, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

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A large puzzle underlies the recent G20 and OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project. If the scope of BEPS is as broad as the reports suggest, why are corporate tax revenues in the OECD so robust?

The final OECD report on BEPS action 11 suggest that BEPS activities result in between $100 and $240 billion in annual lost revenue from corporate income taxes (CIT) on a global basis. The wide spread between these two numbers indicates the significant uncertainty involved. But even the higher number represents a relatively small portion of total global CIT revenues, since it is …

An Examination Of The Neural Unreliability Thesis Of Autism, John Butler, Sophie Molholm, Gizely Andrade, John J. Foxe

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An emerging neuropathological theory of Autism, referred to here as “the neural unreliability thesis,” proposes greater variability in moment-to-moment cortical representation of environmental events, such that the system shows general instability in its impulse response function. Leading evidence for this thesis derives from functional neuroimaging, a methodology ill-suited for detailed assessment of sensory transmission dynamics occurring at the millisecond scale. Electrophysiological assessments of this thesis, however, are sparse and unconvincing. We conducted detailed examination of visual and somatosensory evoked activity using high-density electrical mapping in individuals with autism (N = 20) and precisely matched neurotypical controls (N = 20), recording …

Pivot Dublin: A Discussion On The Bid For Dublin To Become World Design Capital, Barry Sheehan, Ali Grehan

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In this article, Barry Sheehan interviews Dublin City Architect, Ali Grehan, about PIVOT Dublin, the bid for World Design Council, how and why it came about, what happened to the bid and where PIVOT Dublin is now.

Finding Meaning In A Web Of Confusion, Eamon Maher

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No abstract provided.

Modelling Random Antibody Adsorption And Immunoassay Activity, Dana Mackey, Eilis Kelly, Robert Nooney

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One of the primary considerations in immunoassay design is optimizing the concentration of capture antibody in order to achieve maximal antigen binding and, subsequently, improved sensitivity and limit of detection. Many immunoassay technologies involve immobilization of the antibody to solid surfaces. Antibodies are large molecules in which the position and accessibility of the antigen-binding site depend on their orientation and packing density. In this paper we propose a simple mathematical model, based on the theory known as random sequential adsorption (RSA), in order to calculate how the concentration of correctly oriented antibodies (active site exposed for subsequent reactions) evolves during …

The Church And Magna Carta, Richard H. Helmholz

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No abstract provided.

Youth/Police Encounters On Chicago's South Side: Acknowledging The Realities, Craig B. Futterman, Chaclyn Hunt, Jamie Kalven

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No abstract provided.

The Case Against Free Speech, Brian Leiter

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No abstract provided.

The Plain Language Court, David A. Strauss

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No abstract provided.

Fee Simple Obsolete, Lee Anne Fennell

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No abstract provided.

Teaching Android Security Through Examples: A Publicly Available Database Of Vulnerable Apps, Daniel E. Krutz, Samuel A. Malachowsky

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Security is hard, and teaching security can be even harder. Here we describe a public educational activity to assist in the instruction of both students and developers in creating secure Android apps. Our set of activities includes example vulnerable applications, information about each vulnerability, steps on how to repair the vulnerabilities, and information about how to confirm that the vulnerability has been properly repaired. Our primary goal is to make these activities available to other instructors for use in their classrooms ranging from the K-12 to university settings. A secondary goal of this project is to foster interest in security …

The Political Ideologies Of American Lawyers, Adam S. Chilton, Adam Bonica, Maya Sen

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No abstract provided.

Civil Rights In A Desegregating America, Nicholas Stephanopoulos

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No abstract provided.

Knowledge Goods And Nation-States, Daniel Hemel, Lisa Larrimore Ouellette

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No abstract provided.

Litigating The Blue Wall Of Silence: How To Challenge The Police Privilege To Delay Investigation, Aziz Huq, Richard H. Mcadams

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No abstract provided.

The Constitutional Law Of Agenda Control, Aziz Huq

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No abstract provided.

Krikorian, S. (2013). 'A La Table Des Élites. Les Repas Privés En France De La Régence À La Revolution'., Elaine Mahon

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Book review / Compte rendu of Sandrine Krikorian, 'A la table des élites. Les repas privés en France de la Régence à la Revolution' (2013).

https://www.brepolsonline.net/toc/food/13/1-3

Investigating The Impact Of Green Exercise On Population Health And Well-Being In A Small Community In Ireland:A Novel Approach Using A Natural Laboratory Ecosystem., Nollaig O'Sullivan, Aoife Donnelly, Tadhg Macintyre, Giles Warrington

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Green exercise is defined as undertaking physical activity whilst being directly exposed to nature (Pretty et al., 2005; 2007). Pretty et al. (2003) were among the first wave of researchers to investigate the synergistic benefits of incorporating physical activity and exposure to the natural environment to produce positive psychological affect. Over the past decade, investigations into the possible additive effects on well-being of green exercise and how it can be used as an influential tool to help combat the rising rate of both physical inactivity and non –communicable disease has gained prominence in scientific literature. However, there is still a …

Organizational Responses To Institutional Pressures: Reconfiguration Of Spaces In Nanosciences And Nanotechnologies, Nicolas Battard, Paul Donnelly, Vincent Mangematin

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The literature on organizational responses to institutional pressures describes responses ranging from compliance to resistance via different modes of decoupling. However, although these studies provide a greater understanding of the phenomenon, they tend to be disparate and to consider the different elements separately. Through a comparative case study of six research teams in the area of nanosciences and nanotechnologies, we offer three contributions. Our first is to the decoupling literature by way of a complementary and cohesive framework, which shows that organizations vary in their responses by reconfiguring their physical (policy and materiality), mental (meaning) and social (identity) spaces, and …

Country By Country Reporting And Corporate Privacy: Some Unanswered Questions, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

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Corporate privacy is an oxymoron. Individuals have a right to privacy, which the Supreme Court has recognized at least since Griswold v. Connecticut (1965). Warren and Brandeis’ famous defense of the right to privacy (1890) clearly applied only to individuals, because only individuals have the kind of feelings that are affected by invasions of privacy. Corporations are legal entities, and the concept of privacy does not apply to them, as the Supreme Court held in 1906. Thus, any objection to making corporate tax returns public cannot rest on the right to privacy. In fact, corporate returns were made public in …

Dietary Nitrate Acutely And Markedly Increased Exhaled Nitric Oxide In A Cystic Fibrosis Case, Conor Kerley, Emma Kilbride, Peter Greally, Basil Elnazir

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Airway nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule with bronchoprotective, antiinflammatory and anti-infective roles. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic lung condition associated with deceased exhaled NO. Strategies to increase exhaled NO in CF have yielded inconsistent results. A potential new method of increasing systemic NO involves ingestion of dietary, inorganic nitrate which is reduced to nitrite and NO. We present the case of a 12 year-old, athletic male with CF who demonstrated acute but marked increases in exhaled NO following dietary nitrate consumption compared to placebo.

Bim Innovation Capability Programme: An Irish Bim Study, Barry Mcauley, Alan Hore, Roger West

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In 2011 the Royal Institute of Architects Ireland (RIAI) conducted a survey which found that BIM adoption within Ireland was quite low at 16%. Over the last five years these figures have risen significantly, with the 2016 Irish Digital Transition Survey reporting that 76% of respondents possess confidence in their organisation’s BIM skills and knowledge. This represents a significant shift of BIM adoption in Ireland over the last five years.

The BIM Innovation Capability Programme (BICP) Irish BIM study, builds on the findings from the BICP Global BIM Study by providing an in depth review of BIM in Ireland with …

Apple State Aid Ruling: A Wrong Way To Enforce The Benefits Principle?, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah, G. Mazzoni

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After an in-depth investigation, the European Commission concluded Ireland granted tax benefits of up to €13 billion to Apple in violation of the state aid rules. Ireland must now recover the illegal aid. That decision has been criticized by Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew, who believes that only the IRS has the right to tax Apple's foreign income, since most of the company's R&D took place in the U.S. However, that is not how the big EU countries, where sales are made, see things. Who is right?

This article seeks to answer that question by analyzing the impact of the U.S. …

Proposals For International Tax Reform: Is There A Middle Road, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

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In this article, Avi-Yonah looks at two recent tax reform proposals and discusses plausible avenues for post-election tax reform, suggesting two proposals for solving the problems of the U.S. international tax regime. This article was originally prepared for the Century Foundation's November 17 conference, "Paying for Progress: A Tax Reform Agenda for the Next President." See https://tcf.org/content/report/proposals-international-tax-reform/. The author would like to thank Jeff Madrick and the Century Foundation staff for hosting the conference and revising the article.

Trouble On The Exchanges — Does The United Owe Billions To Health Insurers?, Nicholas Bagley

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Yet another bruising fight has erupted over health care reform. On September 9, 2016, the Obama administration offered to open settlement negotiations with health insurers that have sued the United States to recover billions of dollars that they claim they are owed. Congressional Republicans are incensed, believing that any settlement would illegally squander taxpayer dollars in a lastgasp effort to save the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Low Rank And Sparsity Analysis Applied To Speech Enhancement Via Online Estimated Dictionary, Pengfei Sun, Jun Qin

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In this letter, we propose an online estimated local dictionary based single-channel speech enhancement algorithm, which focuses on low-rank and sparse matrix decomposition. In the proposed algorithm, a noisy speech spectrogram can be decomposed into low-rank background noise components and an activation of the online speech dictionary, on which both low-rank and sparsity constraints are imposed. This decomposition takes the advantage of local estimated exemplar’s high expressiveness on speech components and also accommodates nonstationary background noise. The local dictionary can be obtained through estimating the speech presence probability (SPP) by applying expectation–maximal algorithm, in which a generalized Gamma prior for …