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Articles 4381 - 4410 of 5238
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Are Plain Hamburgers Now Unconstitutional? - The Equal Protection Component Of Bush V. Gore As A Chapter In The History Of Ideas About Law, Mary Anne Case
Are Plain Hamburgers Now Unconstitutional? - The Equal Protection Component Of Bush V. Gore As A Chapter In The History Of Ideas About Law, Mary Anne Case
Articles
No abstract provided.
Protecting Sex: Sexual Disincentives And Sex-Based Discrimination In Nguyen V. Ins, Laura Weinrib
Protecting Sex: Sexual Disincentives And Sex-Based Discrimination In Nguyen V. Ins, Laura Weinrib
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Consequences Of Undoing The Federal Income Tax, Julie Roin
The Consequences Of Undoing The Federal Income Tax, Julie Roin
Articles
No abstract provided.
Insuring Against Terrorism - And Crime, Saul Levmore, Kyle D. Logue
Insuring Against Terrorism - And Crime, Saul Levmore, Kyle D. Logue
Articles
No abstract provided.
Elements Of The Law, Dennis J. Hutchinson
The Spatially Averaged Electric Field In The Near Field And Far Field Of A Circular Aperture, Charles Daly, Todd Nuteson, Navalgund Rao
The Spatially Averaged Electric Field In The Near Field And Far Field Of A Circular Aperture, Charles Daly, Todd Nuteson, Navalgund Rao
Articles
This paper presents a theoretical and numerical investigation of the spatially averaged electric field in the beam of a circular aperture. The investigation leads to closed-form analytical expressions, based on scalar diffraction theory, which describe the spatially averaged electric field in the Fresnel region of a circular aperture excited by a spatially uniform, harmonic plane wave. The expressions ultimately permit rapid, practical, and efficient prediction of certain routine electromagnetic measurements. Because the expressions are valid in the Fresnel region, they are also valid in the near field, the far field, and the Fraunhofer region of a circular aperture. In fact, …
A Process For Synthesizing Bandlimited Chaotic Waveforms For Digital Signal Transmission, Chance Glenn
A Process For Synthesizing Bandlimited Chaotic Waveforms For Digital Signal Transmission, Chance Glenn
Articles
In our development of a chaotic oscillator technology to produce high-quality communication signals, we have found a novel method for limiting the out-of-band spectral power from chaotic oscillators. This development is an important breakthrough that has allowed us to make a major step toward a commercially viable technology.
The Effect Of Processing Conditions On Varistors Prepared From Nanocrystalline Zno, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, John Kelly, Ramesh Raghavendra
The Effect Of Processing Conditions On Varistors Prepared From Nanocrystalline Zno, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, John Kelly, Ramesh Raghavendra
Articles
Nanoparticles of ZnO were prepared by the reaction of ethanolic solutions of zinc acetate and oxalic acid
followed by drying (80 uC) and calcination (500 uC). Subsequently varistor materials were fabricated from this
nanoparticular ZnO via two separate routes:- a) from a ‘‘core shell’’ material using metal salts as additives; b)
by using a conventional solid state mixing of metal oxides. Sintering (1050 uC) and subsequent electrical studies
were carried out for each of these samples and they were compared with commercial varistor samples prepared
under similar conditions. ‘‘Core shell’’ type varistor material showed considerably higher breakdown voltage
(Vc ~ …
Farmers, Fish, Tribal Power And Poker: Reallocating Water In The Truckee River Basin, Nevada And California, Barbara Cosens
Farmers, Fish, Tribal Power And Poker: Reallocating Water In The Truckee River Basin, Nevada And California, Barbara Cosens
Articles
No abstract provided.
Libertarian Paternalism Is Not An Oxymoron, Cass R. Sunstein, Richard H. Thaler
Libertarian Paternalism Is Not An Oxymoron, Cass R. Sunstein, Richard H. Thaler
Articles
No abstract provided.
Moral Heuristics And Moral Framing Lecture, Cass R. Sunstein
Moral Heuristics And Moral Framing Lecture, Cass R. Sunstein
Articles
No abstract provided.
Beyond The Precautionary Principle, Cass R. Sunstein
Beyond The Precautionary Principle, Cass R. Sunstein
Articles
The precautionary principle has been highly influential in legal systems all over the world. In its strongest and most distinctive forms, the principle imposes a burden of proof on those who create potential risks, and it requires regulation of activities even if it cannot be shown that those activities are likely to produce significant harms. Taken in this strong form, the precautionary principle should be rejected, not because it leads in bad directions, but because it leads in no direction at all. The principle is literally paralyzing-forbidding inaction, stringent regulation, and everything in between. The reason is that in the …
Naturalized Epistemology And The Law Of Evidence: Reply To Redmayne, Ronald J. Allen, Brian Leiter
Naturalized Epistemology And The Law Of Evidence: Reply To Redmayne, Ronald J. Allen, Brian Leiter
Articles
No abstract provided.
Eminent Domain Economics: Should ‘Just Compensation’ Be Abolished, And Would ‘Takings Insurance’ Work Instead?, Steve Calandrillo
Eminent Domain Economics: Should ‘Just Compensation’ Be Abolished, And Would ‘Takings Insurance’ Work Instead?, Steve Calandrillo
Articles
In a defeat for staunch property rights advocates, the Supreme Court ruled this spring that a prohibition on land development in the Tahoe basin did not amount to a de facto taking of land such that the constitutional mandate of just compensation was triggered. The Tahoe decision highlights the struggle in eminent domain jurisprudence over the proper treatment of so-called regulatory takings. It has long been taken for granted that when the government exercises its power of eminent domain to take private property in the name of the public good, it must reimburse displaced landowners. While compensation for physical takings …
The Best Patent Practice Or Mere Compromise? A Review Of The Current Draft Of The Substantive Patent Law Treaty And A Proposal For A "First-To-Invent" Exception For Domestic Applicants, Toshiko Takenaka
Articles
Part I of this paper I review the past efforts of patent harmonization. In Part II, I review the current draft of the Substantive Patent Law Treaty (SPLT) and compare its major articles with Title 35 of the United States Code, the European Patent Convention (EPC), and Japanese Patent Law (JPL). In Part III, I analyze the changes expected by the integration of the SPLT into U.S. patent practice and examine if such changes would result in the best patent practice. I propose that the best practice takes into account underlying patent policies in such instances in which the changes …
Community Acequias In Colorado's Rio Culebra Watershed: A Customary Commons In The Domain Of Prior Appropriation, Gregory A. Hicks, Devon G. Peña
Community Acequias In Colorado's Rio Culebra Watershed: A Customary Commons In The Domain Of Prior Appropriation, Gregory A. Hicks, Devon G. Peña
Articles
This article presents an account of the landscape and water institutions of the acequia communities of Colorado's Rio Culebra watershed. The physical and social landscape of the Culebra watershed, a product of water institutions introduced by Hispano settlers in the years immediately following the Mexican War, and the persistence of those institutions after the introduction of the system of prior appropriation, offers an instance of a successful engagement of community water institutions in the creation of a sustainable and resource-rich watershed landscape. The ultimate goals of this article are threefold. First, the article describes the acequialandscape and its social, …
Surveys For Gray Whales, Eschrichtius Robustus, Near Cape Caution, British Columbia, Summer 2003, William Megill, Lei Lani Stelle, Becky Woodward
Surveys For Gray Whales, Eschrichtius Robustus, Near Cape Caution, British Columbia, Summer 2003, William Megill, Lei Lani Stelle, Becky Woodward
Articles
The Coastal Ecosystems Research Foundation conducted several surveys for gray whales on the southern Central Coast of British Columbia during the summer of 2003. Three surveys were conducted in CERF’s usual study area near Cape Caution, and three along the west coast of Calvert Island. Additional shorter surveys were also conducted of the Rivers Inlet / Smith Sound region north of Cape Caution. A total of 50 animals were identified from the pigmentation on their flanks. Twelve of these were new to the area in 2003. All but three were photographed. The animals not photographed (due to a camera malfunction) …
Optical Switches Using Electro-Optical Effects In Liquid Crystals, Yuliya Semenova, S. Dovgalets, Yuri Panarin, Gerald Farrell
Optical Switches Using Electro-Optical Effects In Liquid Crystals, Yuliya Semenova, S. Dovgalets, Yuri Panarin, Gerald Farrell
Articles
A simple displacement sensor based on a bent singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure is proposed and experimentally investigated. The sensor offers a wider displacement range, not limited by the risk of fiber breakage, as well as a three-fold increase in displacement sensitivity by comparison with a straight SMS structure sensor. This sensor can be interrogated by either an optical spectral analyzer (OSA) or a ratiometric interrogation system: (1) if interrogated by an OSA assuming a resolution of 1 pm, it has a sensitivity of 28.2 nm for a displacement measurement range from 0 to 280 μm; (2) if interrogated by a …
The Prospective Process Through Scenario Thinking For The Built And Human Environment: A Tool For Exploring Urban Futures, John Ratcliffe, Lorcan Sirr
The Prospective Process Through Scenario Thinking For The Built And Human Environment: A Tool For Exploring Urban Futures, John Ratcliffe, Lorcan Sirr
Articles
We are currently living through an era where we can, and need to, create exciting new possibilities in the way we think about, plan, design and build new places and spaces for working and living. At the same time, two irresistible forces – change and complexity – face decision-makers charged with framing and executing future policy and practice for the built and human environment. This paper generally argues the case for employing a ‘prospective’ process through scenario thinking for strategic planning and management in the urban arena. It does not attempt to identify or explore the advances made in planning …
[email protected]: Toward A Critical Theory Of Cyberspace, A. Michael Froomkin
[email protected]: Toward A Critical Theory Of Cyberspace, A. Michael Froomkin
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Racial Double Helix: Watson, Crick, And Brown V. Board Of Education (Our No-Bell Prize Award Speech) Brown@50 Symposium - Inaugural Charles Hamilton Houston Lecture, Richard Delgado, Jean Stefancic
The Racial Double Helix: Watson, Crick, And Brown V. Board Of Education (Our No-Bell Prize Award Speech) Brown@50 Symposium - Inaugural Charles Hamilton Houston Lecture, Richard Delgado, Jean Stefancic
Articles
No abstract provided.
Equal Access And The Public Forum: Pinette's Imbalance Of Free Speech And Establishment, Alberto B. Lopez
Equal Access And The Public Forum: Pinette's Imbalance Of Free Speech And Establishment, Alberto B. Lopez
Articles
Donna's Law would allow individuals who fear suicide to prevent their own impulsive gun purchases. Research shows that many people would sign up, and versions of Donna's Law have passed in Washington State and Virginia. This study is the first to assess public support for enacting Donna's Law. We find broad support overall, including majority support among Republicans and gun owners. There is room for consensus around this voluntary measure to reduce gun suicide.
Comparative Study Of Spectral Reflectance Estimation Based On Broad-Band Imaging Systems, Francisco Imai, Lawrence Taplin, Ellen Day
Comparative Study Of Spectral Reflectance Estimation Based On Broad-Band Imaging Systems, Francisco Imai, Lawrence Taplin, Ellen Day
Articles
We have been practicing spectral color estimation for museum artwork imaging and spectral estimation. We have had success using both narrow-band imaging based on a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) and various broad-band imaging approaches using the same monochromatic digital camera system. Details about our spectral color imaging system description, imaging procedures and the performance of spectral estimation methods used can be found in our previous technical reports.1,2 In previous reports we focused in methods of reconstruction from narrow-band images using LCTF, while we only reported preliminary analyses of reconstruction from wide-band images using six glass filtered images and a …
Constraints On Cosmic Dynamics, Manasse Mbonye
Constraints On Cosmic Dynamics, Manasse Mbonye
Articles
Also archived at: arXiv:gr-qc/0309135 v1 30 Sep 2003 Observationally, the universe appears virtually critical. Yet, there is no simple explanation for this state. In this article we advance and explore the premise that the dynamics of the universe always seeks equilibrium conditions. Vacuum-induced cosmic accelerations lead to creation of matter-energy modes at the expense of vacuum energy. Because they gravitate, such modes constitute inertia against cosmic acceleration. On the other extreme, the would-be ultimate phase of local gravitational collapse is checked by a phase transition in the collapsing matter fields leading to a de Sitter-like fluid deep inside the black …
Active Spectral Imaging, Melissa Nischan, Rose Joseph, Justin Libby
Active Spectral Imaging, Melissa Nischan, Rose Joseph, Justin Libby
Articles
With the ability to image a scene in tens to hundreds of spectral bands, multispectral and hyperspectral imaging sensors have become powerful tools for remote sensing. However, spectral imaging systems that operate at visible through nearinfrared wavelengths typically rely on solar illumination. This reliance gives rise to a number of limitations, particularly with regard to military applications. Actively illuminating the scene of interest offers a way to address these limitations while providing additional advantages. We have been exploring the benefits of using active illumination with spectral imaging systems for a variety of applications. Our laboratory setup includes multispectral and hyperspectral …
Expert Information And Expert Evidence: A Preliminary Taxonomy, Samuel R. Gross, Jennifer L. Mnookin
Expert Information And Expert Evidence: A Preliminary Taxonomy, Samuel R. Gross, Jennifer L. Mnookin
Articles
Federal Rule of Evidence 702 speaks in very general terms. It governs every situation in which "scientific, technical or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of fact," and provides that, in that situation, "a witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, or education, may testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otherwise . . . .' In 2000, following a trio of Supreme Court cases interpreting Rule 702, the Rule was amended to include a third requirement, in addition to the helpfulness of the testimony and the qualifications of the witness: reliability. Under Rule 702 …
Bayh-Dole Reform And The Progress Of Biomedicine, Arti K. Rai, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Bayh-Dole Reform And The Progress Of Biomedicine, Arti K. Rai, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Articles
Allowing universities to patent the results of government-sponsored research sometimes works against the public interest.
Bayh-Dole Reform And The Progress Of Biomedicine, Arti K. Rai, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Bayh-Dole Reform And The Progress Of Biomedicine, Arti K. Rai, Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Articles
Advances in fundamental biomedical research play an important and growing role in the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic products. Although the development of pharmaceutical end products has long been a proprietary enterprise, biomedical research comes from a very different tradition of open science. Within this tradition, long-standing norms call for relatively unfettered access to fundamental knowledge developed by prior researchers. The tradition of open science has eroded considerably over the past quarter century as proprietary claims have reached farther upstream from end products to cover fundamental discoveries that provide the knowledge base for future product development.
Preparing For Climatic Change: The Water, Salmon, And Forests Of The Pacific Northwest, Philip W. Mote, Edward A. Parson, Alan F. Hamlet, William S. Keeton, Dennis Lettenmaier, Nathan Mantua, Edward L. Miles, David W. Peterson, David L. Peterson, Richard Slaughter, Amy K. Snover
Preparing For Climatic Change: The Water, Salmon, And Forests Of The Pacific Northwest, Philip W. Mote, Edward A. Parson, Alan F. Hamlet, William S. Keeton, Dennis Lettenmaier, Nathan Mantua, Edward L. Miles, David W. Peterson, David L. Peterson, Richard Slaughter, Amy K. Snover
Articles
The impacts of year-to-year and decade-to-decade climatic variations on some of the Pacific Northwest’s key natural resources can be quantified to estimate sensitivity to regional climatic changes expected as part of anthropogenic global climatic change. Warmer, drier years, often associated with El Niño events and/or the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, tend to be associated with below-average snowpack, streamflow, and flood risk, below-average salmon survival, below-average forest growth, and above-average risk of forest fire. During the 20th century, the region experienced a warming of 0.8 ◦C. Using output from eight climate models, we project a further warming of …
Understanding Climatic Impacts, Vulnerabilities, And Adaptation In The United States: Building A Capacity For Assessment, Edward A. Parson, Robert W. Corell, Eric J. Barron, Virginia Burkett, Anthony Janetos, Linda Joyce, Thomas R. Karl, Michael C. Maccracken, Jerry Melillo, M. Granger Morgan, David S. Schimel, Thomas Wilbanks
Understanding Climatic Impacts, Vulnerabilities, And Adaptation In The United States: Building A Capacity For Assessment, Edward A. Parson, Robert W. Corell, Eric J. Barron, Virginia Burkett, Anthony Janetos, Linda Joyce, Thomas R. Karl, Michael C. Maccracken, Jerry Melillo, M. Granger Morgan, David S. Schimel, Thomas Wilbanks
Articles
Based on the experience of the U.S. National Assessment, we propose a program of research and analysis to advance capability for assessment of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation options. We identify specific priorities for scientific research on the responses of ecological and socioeconomic systems to climate and other stresses; for improvement in the climatic inputs to impact assessments; and for further development of assessment methods to improve their practical utility to decision-makers. Finally, we propose a new institutional model for assessment, based principally on regional efforts that integrate observations, research, data, applications, and assessment on climate and linked environmental-change issues. …