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Articles 3811 - 3840 of 5190
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Long-Term Evolution Of Massive Black Hole Binaries. Ii. Binary Evolution In Low-Density Galaxies, Peter Berczik, David Merritt, Rainer Spurzem
Long-Term Evolution Of Massive Black Hole Binaries. Ii. Binary Evolution In Low-Density Galaxies, Peter Berczik, David Merritt, Rainer Spurzem
Articles
We use direct-summation N-body integrations to follow the evolution of binary black holes at the centers of galaxy models with large, constant-density cores. Particle numbers as large as 0.4 × 106 are considered. The results are compared with the predictions of loss-cone theory, under the assumption that the supply of stars to the binary is limited by the rate at which they can be scattered into the binary’s influence sphere by gravitational encounters. The agreement between theory and simulation is quite good; in particular, we are able to quantitatively explain the observed dependence of binary hardening rate on N. We …
Time-Dependent Models For Dark Matter At The Galactic Center, Gianfranco Bertone, David Merritt
Time-Dependent Models For Dark Matter At The Galactic Center, Gianfranco Bertone, David Merritt
Articles
The prospects for indirect detection of dark matter at the Galactic center with gamma-ray experiments like the space telescope GLAST, and Air Cherenkov Telescopes like HESS, CANGAROO, MAGIC and VERITAS, depend sensitively on the mass profile within the inner parsec. We calculate the distribution of dark matter on sub-parsec scales by integrating the time-dependent Fokker-Planck equation, including the effects of self-annihilations, scattering of dark matter particles by stars, and capture in the supermassive black hole. We consider a variety of initial dark matter distributions, including models with very high densities (“spikes”) near the black hole, and models with “adiabatic compression” …
Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey Of 3cr Radio Source Counterparts At Low Redshift, Juan Madrid, Marco Chiaberge, David Floyd, David Axon, Christopher P. O'Dea, Stefi A. Baum, Et Al.
Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey Of 3cr Radio Source Counterparts At Low Redshift, Juan Madrid, Marco Chiaberge, David Floyd, David Axon, Christopher P. O'Dea, Stefi A. Baum, Et Al.
Articles
We present newly acquired images of the near-infrared counterpart of 3CR radio sources. All the sources were selected to have a redshift of less than 0.3 to allow us to obtain the highest spatial resolution. The observations were carried out as a snapshot program using the Near-Infrared Camera and Multiobject Spectrograph (NICMOS) on-board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). In this paper we describe 69 radio galaxies observed for the first time with NICMOS during HST cycle 13. All the objects presented here are elliptical galaxies. However, each of them has unique characteristics such as close companions, dust lanes, unresolved nuclei, …
Informational Efficiency: An Empirical Test In Asian Currency Crisis, Zhaohui Zhang, Khondkar E. Karim
Informational Efficiency: An Empirical Test In Asian Currency Crisis, Zhaohui Zhang, Khondkar E. Karim
Articles
In this paper, we examine whether the trading of the equities of the U.S. international lenders was informationally efficient when the IMF announced its term loan agreement concerning South Korea in late 1997. More specifically, we test whether the foreign exposure levels of different lenders can be distinguished and used by investors to rapidly price the lenders’ stocks proportionally according to the foreign exposure levels. A cross-sectional CAR regression model id used. The evidence indicates that the market is informationally efficient in trading the lenders’ equities during the IMF assistance of South Korea as investors incorporated the foreign exposure into …
Characterization Of Surface Roughness Effects On Pressure Drop In Single-Phase Flow In Minichannels, Satish G. Kandlikar, Derek Schmitt, Andres L. Carrano, James B. Taylor
Characterization Of Surface Roughness Effects On Pressure Drop In Single-Phase Flow In Minichannels, Satish G. Kandlikar, Derek Schmitt, Andres L. Carrano, James B. Taylor
Articles
Roughness features on the walls of a channel wall affect the pressure drop of a fluid flowing through that channel. This roughness effect can be described by (i) flow area constriction and (ii) increase in the wall shear stress. Replotting the Moody's friction factor chart with the constricted flow diameter results in a simplified plot and yields a single asymptotic value of friction factor for relative roughness values of e/ D> 0.03 in the fully developed turbulent region. After reviewing the literature, three new roughness parameters are proposed (maximum profile peak height Rp, mean spacing of profile irregularities Rsm, and …
Hubble Space Telescope Stis Spectroscopy Of The Lyα Emission Line In The Central Dominant Galaxies In A426, A1795, And A2597: Constraints On Clouds In The Intracluster Medium, Stefi A. Baum, Ari Laor, Christopher P. O'Dea, Jennifer Mack, Anton M. Koekemoer
Hubble Space Telescope Stis Spectroscopy Of The Lyα Emission Line In The Central Dominant Galaxies In A426, A1795, And A2597: Constraints On Clouds In The Intracluster Medium, Stefi A. Baum, Ari Laor, Christopher P. O'Dea, Jennifer Mack, Anton M. Koekemoer
Articles
We report on HST/STIS spectra of the Ly-Alpha emission in the central dominant galaxies in three rich clusters of galaxies. We find evidence for a population of clouds in the intracluster medium. We detect 10 Ly-Alpha absorption systems towards the nucleus of NGC1275 with columns of N(HI) ~10^12 to 10^14 cm^−2. These columns would not have been detected in the 21 cm line, but are easily detected in the Ly-Alpha line. Most of the absorption features are located in the broad wings of the emission line. The detected absorption features are most consistent with associated nuclear absorption systems. There is …
Come Le Piccole Imprese Llogistiche Italiane Utilizzano I'Ict, Pietro Evangelista, Renzo Provedel, Edward Sweeney
Come Le Piccole Imprese Llogistiche Italiane Utilizzano I'Ict, Pietro Evangelista, Renzo Provedel, Edward Sweeney
Articles
No abstract provided.
Disparity: The Normative And Empirical Failure Of The Federal Guidelines, Albert Alschuler
Disparity: The Normative And Empirical Failure Of The Federal Guidelines, Albert Alschuler
Articles
No abstract provided.
A Quantitative Assessment Of The Benefit Of A Learning Community Environment, Mario H. Castro-Cedeno
A Quantitative Assessment Of The Benefit Of A Learning Community Environment, Mario H. Castro-Cedeno
Articles
An introductory course in manufacturing processes was taught to a cohort of engineering technology students participating in a learning community (LC) experiment and to a group of non-participating students. The LC students were all freshmen and took all the courses as a group. They were encouraged to work in teams. Non-LC students were also encouraged to work in teams but their class schedules were not coordinated. Data were collected on test scores, homework scores, and homework completion rates. The data show that the standard deviation of the grades distribution is significantly smaller for the LC group and that outliers with …
Xbrl Usage: A Socio-Economic Perspective, Robert E. Pinsker, Stephen C. Gara, Khondkar Karim
Xbrl Usage: A Socio-Economic Perspective, Robert E. Pinsker, Stephen C. Gara, Khondkar Karim
Articles
eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) represents a standard format for exchanging business information which is capable of narrowing the reporting gap between public companies, regulators, and interested members of society (i.e., banks, investors, etc.). Through the use of tags, XBRL provides a standard language for reporting both financial and nonfinancial information not previously seen in the reporting environment, across different software applications. As a result, interested stakeholders can gain access to public information much more quickly and transparently than ever before. The current paper reports the corporate and regulatory usage of XBRL, as well as its potential impacts on various …
Comparing The Gut Flora Of Irish Breastfed And Formula-Fed Neonates Aged Between Birth And 6 Weeks Old, Gordon Cooke, John Behan, Nicola Clarke, Winifred Gorman, Mary Costello
Comparing The Gut Flora Of Irish Breastfed And Formula-Fed Neonates Aged Between Birth And 6 Weeks Old, Gordon Cooke, John Behan, Nicola Clarke, Winifred Gorman, Mary Costello
Articles
The exact composition of the complex microsystem that constitutes the gut flora continues to be explored as molecular methodology supplements traditional microbiological studies. The current study reports a random analysis of the faecal flora composition for 31 neonates in the 0–1 day age group, 41 neonates aged 2–5 days and 33 6-week-old neonates. All infants, born at the National Maternity Hospital, Ireland, were considered healthy, full-term normal deliveries and were either exclusively breastfed or formula-fed from birth. Microbiological and biochemical analyses of the faecal samples were used to specifically enumerate Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacteroides spp., …
Testing For A Critical Juncture: Change In The Ictu’S Influence Over Public Policy In 1959, John Hogan
Testing For A Critical Juncture: Change In The Ictu’S Influence Over Public Policy In 1959, John Hogan
Articles
The paper seeks to improve our understanding of the concept of critical junctures. Critical junctures have been used to provide avenues for exploring change in historical institutionalism. However, the critical junctures concept, as it has developed, lacks rigour. We have no means of saying, with certainty, what is a critical juncture. If we cannot define a critical juncture the issue of path dependency becomes nebulous, as we cannot be certain as to path origins. Over the years the critical junctures concept has been used in conjunction with “watersheds” in politics, but without any quantifications. This has left the approach in …
Bima Millimeter-Wave Observations Of The Core-Jet And Molecular Gas In The Fr I Radio Galaxy Ngc 3801, Mousumi Das, Stuart N. Vogel, Gijs A. Verdoes Kleijn, Christopher P. O'Dea, Stefi A. Baum
Bima Millimeter-Wave Observations Of The Core-Jet And Molecular Gas In The Fr I Radio Galaxy Ngc 3801, Mousumi Das, Stuart N. Vogel, Gijs A. Verdoes Kleijn, Christopher P. O'Dea, Stefi A. Baum
Articles
We present BIMA 3 mm observations of the radio continuum source and the molecular gas disk in the radio loud Fanaroff & Riley Type I (FR I) galaxy NGC 3801. We have detected a continuum source in the nucleus and determined that it has a flat millimeter-wave spectrum, suggesting that the emission is non-thermal and due to an AGN; the radio core is not evident in existing VLA observations. We also map the extended 3 mm emission from the previously known radio jets. In addition, we detect CO (1–0) emission associated with the dust disk observed in previous HST images. …
Go Mobile » Access By Rochester Institute Of Technology Core Collapse Via Coarse Dynamic Renormalization, Andras Szell, David Merritt, Ioannis Kevrekidis
Go Mobile » Access By Rochester Institute Of Technology Core Collapse Via Coarse Dynamic Renormalization, Andras Szell, David Merritt, Ioannis Kevrekidis
Articles
In the context of the recently developed “equation-free” approach to computer-assisted analysis of complex systems, we extract the self-similar solution describing core collapse of a stellar system from numerical experiments. The technique allows us to side-step the core “bounce” that occurs in direct N-body simulations due to the small-N correlations that develop in the late stages of collapse, and hence to follow the evolution well into the self-similar regime.
Two Clusters Of Galaxies With Radio-Quiet Cooling Cores, Megan Donahue, G. Mark Voit, Christopher P. O'Dea, Stefi A. Baum, William B. Sparks
Two Clusters Of Galaxies With Radio-Quiet Cooling Cores, Megan Donahue, G. Mark Voit, Christopher P. O'Dea, Stefi A. Baum, William B. Sparks
Articles
Radio lobes inflated by active galactic nuclei at the centers of clusters are a promising candidate for halting condensation in clusters with short central cooling times because they are common in such clusters. In order to test the AGNheating hypothesis, we obtained Chandra observations of two clusters with short central cooling times yet no evidence for AGN activity: Abell 1650 and Abell 2244. The cores of these clusters indeed appear systematically different from cores with more prominent radio emission. They do not have significant central temperature gradients, and their central entropy levels are markedly higher than in clusters with stronger …
The Infrared-Dominated Jet Of 3c 401, Marco Chiaberge, William Sparks, F. Duccio Macchetto, Eric Perlman, Alessandro Capetti, Barbara Balmaverde, David Floyd, Christopher P. O'Dea, David J. Axon
The Infrared-Dominated Jet Of 3c 401, Marco Chiaberge, William Sparks, F. Duccio Macchetto, Eric Perlman, Alessandro Capetti, Barbara Balmaverde, David Floyd, Christopher P. O'Dea, David J. Axon
Articles
We present a Hubble Space Telescope image of the FR II radio galaxy 3C 401, obtained at 1.6µm with the NICMOS camera in which we identify the infrared counterpart of the brightest region of the radio jet. The jet has a complex radio structure and brightens where bending occurs, most likely as a result of relativistic beaming. We analyze archival data in the radio, optical and X-ray bands and we derive its spectral energy distribution. Differently from all of the previously known optical extragalactic jets, the jet in 3C 401 is not detected in the X-rays even in a long …
A Case-Based Technique For Tracking Concept Drift In Spam Filtering, Sarah Jane Delany, Padraig Cunningham, Alexey Tsymbal, Lorcan Coyle
A Case-Based Technique For Tracking Concept Drift In Spam Filtering, Sarah Jane Delany, Padraig Cunningham, Alexey Tsymbal, Lorcan Coyle
Articles
Spam filtering is a particularly challenging machine learning task as the data distribution and concept being learned changes over time. It exhibits a particularly awkward form of concept drift as the change is driven by spammers wishing to circumvent spam filters. In this paper we show that lazy learning techniques are appropriate for such dynamically changing contexts. We present a case-based system for spam filtering that can learn dynamically. We evaluate its performance as the case-base is updated with new cases. We also explore the benefit of periodically redoing the feature selection process to bring new features into play. Our …
The Low End Of The Supermassive Black Hole Mass Function: Constraining The Mass Of A Nuclear Black Hole In Ngc 205 Via Stellar Kinematics, Monica Valluri, Laura Ferrarese, David Merritt, Charles L. Joseph
The Low End Of The Supermassive Black Hole Mass Function: Constraining The Mass Of A Nuclear Black Hole In Ngc 205 Via Stellar Kinematics, Monica Valluri, Laura Ferrarese, David Merritt, Charles L. Joseph
Articles
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images and spectra of the nucleated dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 205 are combined with 3-integral axisymmetric dynamical models to constrain the mass MBH of a putative nuclear black hole. This is only the second attempt, after M33, to use resolved stellar kinematics to search for a nuclear black hole with mass below 106 solar masses. We are unable to identify a best-fit value of MBH in NGC 205; however, the data impose a upper limit of 2.2×104M⊙ (1σ confidence) and and upper limit of 3.8×104M⊙ (3σ confidence). This upper limit is consistent with the extrapolation of …
Air Bubble-Induced Light-Scattering Effect On Image Quality In 193 Nm Immersion Lithography, Yongfa Fan, Neal Lafferty, Anatoly Bourov
Air Bubble-Induced Light-Scattering Effect On Image Quality In 193 Nm Immersion Lithography, Yongfa Fan, Neal Lafferty, Anatoly Bourov
Articles
As an emerging technique, water immersion lithography, offers the capability of reducing critical dimensions by increasing the numerical aperture that is due to the higher refractive indices of immersion liquids than that of air. However, in the process of forming a water fluid layer between the resist and the lens surfaces, air bubbles are often created because of the high surface tension of water. The presence of air bubbles in the immersion layer will degrade the image quality because of the inhomogeneity-induced light scattering in the optical path. Analysis by geometrical optics indicates that the total reflection of light causes …
Municipal Wireless: A Primer For Public Discussion, David M. Shein
Municipal Wireless: A Primer For Public Discussion, David M. Shein
Articles
Though there is great diversity and continuing innovation in municipal networks, a number of distinct technological and economic approaches have emerged that are common to virtually all municipal and community deployments. This paper considers each major aspect of municipal wireless deployment in terms of how communities make decisions about each of these elements. We look first at some of the critical terms and technologies involved in this discussion, as well as the various concrete applications and benefits that wireless networks have to offer. We then consider the various organizational and managerial approaches that have been implemented. Finally we talk about …
The Acs Virgo Cluster Survey. Vii. Resolving The Connection Between Globular Clusters And Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies, Monica Haşegan, Andrés Jordán, Patrick Côté, David Merritt, Et Al.
The Acs Virgo Cluster Survey. Vii. Resolving The Connection Between Globular Clusters And Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies, Monica Haşegan, Andrés Jordán, Patrick Côté, David Merritt, Et Al.
Articles
We investigate the connection between globular clusters and ultracompact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) by examining the properties of 10 compact, high-luminosity (-11.8 MV -10.8) objects associated with M87 (NGC 4486, VCC 1316), the cD galaxy in the Virgo Cluster. These objects, most of which were previously classified as M87 globular clusters, were selected from a combination of ground- and space-based imaging surveys. Our observational database for these objects—which we term DGTOs, or "dwarf-globular transition objects"—includes Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) F475W and F850LP imaging from the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey, integrated-light spectroscopy from Keck/ESI, and archival F606W WFPC2 imaging. We …
Spectral Signature Databases And Their Application/Misapplication To Modeling And Exploitation Of Multispectral/Hyperspectral Data, Carl Salvaggio, Lon E. Smith, Emily Antoine
Spectral Signature Databases And Their Application/Misapplication To Modeling And Exploitation Of Multispectral/Hyperspectral Data, Carl Salvaggio, Lon E. Smith, Emily Antoine
Articles
Spectral signature databases abound in the field of remote sensing. Scientists use these databases to assist in their analysis everyday. Many decisions are made about hyperspectral data and the observations made with this data based on the assumption that these databases contain “ground truth” representations of the signatures for materials sensed. For the most part, this is true if the team collecting the signatures that populate these databases follow sound practices when collecting this data. The data does, however, represent a very specific picture of the “truth”. Signatures found in databases represent a specific collection configuration or geometry. The source …
Performance Comparison Of Hyperspectral Target Detection Algorithms In Altitude Varying Scenes, Adam P. Cisz, John Schott
Performance Comparison Of Hyperspectral Target Detection Algorithms In Altitude Varying Scenes, Adam P. Cisz, John Schott
Articles
Many different hyperspectral target detection algorithms have been developed and tested under various assumptions, methods, and data sets. This work examines the spectral angle mapper (SAM), adaptive coherence estimator (ACE), and constrained energy maximization (CEM) algorithms. Algorithm performance is examined over multiple images, targets, and backgrounds. Methods to examine algorithm performance are plentiful and several different metrics are used here. Quantitative metrics are used to make direct comparisons between algorithms. Further analysis using visual performance metrics is made to examine interesting trends in the data. Results show an increase in detection algorithm performance as image altitude increases and spatial information …
Gas Plume Species Identification In Airborne Lwir Imagery Using Constrained Stepwise Regression Analyses, David Pogorzala, David W. Messinger, Carl Salvaggio, John Schott
Gas Plume Species Identification In Airborne Lwir Imagery Using Constrained Stepwise Regression Analyses, David Pogorzala, David W. Messinger, Carl Salvaggio, John Schott
Articles
Identification of constituent gases in effluent plumes is performed using linear least-squares regression techniques. Airborne thermal hyperspectral imagery is used for this study. Synthetic imagery is employed as the test-case for algorithm development. Synthetic images are generated by the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) Model. The use of synthetic data provides a direct measure of the success of the algorithm through the comparison with truth map outputs. In image test-cases, plumes emanating from factory stacks will have been identified using a separate detection algorithm. The gas identification algorithm being developed in this work is performed only on …
Megacollect 2004: Hyperspectral Collection Experiment Of Terrestrial Targets And Backgrounds Of The Rit Megascene And Surrounding Area (Rochester, Ny), Nina G. Raqueno, Lon E. Smith, David W. Messinger, Carl Salvaggio, Rolando V. Raqueno, John Schott
Megacollect 2004: Hyperspectral Collection Experiment Of Terrestrial Targets And Backgrounds Of The Rit Megascene And Surrounding Area (Rochester, Ny), Nina G. Raqueno, Lon E. Smith, David W. Messinger, Carl Salvaggio, Rolando V. Raqueno, John Schott
Articles
This paper describes a collaborative collection campaign to spectrally image and measure a well characterized scene for hyperspectral algorithm development and validation/verification of scene simulation models (DIRSIG). The RIT Megascene, located in the northeast corner of Monroe County near Rochester, New York, has been modeled and characterized under the DIRSIG environment and has been simulated for various hyperspectral and multispectral systems (e.g., HYDICE, LANDSAT, etc.). Until recently, most of the electro-optical imagery of this area has been limited to very high altitude airborne or orbital platforms with low spatial resolutions. Megacollect 2004 addresses this shortcoming by bringing together, in June …
Target Detection In A Structured Background Environment Using An Infeasibility Metric In An Invariant Space, Emmett J. Ientilucci, John R. Schott
Target Detection In A Structured Background Environment Using An Infeasibility Metric In An Invariant Space, Emmett J. Ientilucci, John R. Schott
Articles
This paper develops a hybrid target detector that incorporates structured backgrounds and physics based modeling together with a geometric infeasibility metric. More often than not, detection algorithms are usually applied to atmospherically compensated hyperspectral imagery. Rather than compensate the imagery, we take the opposite approach by using a physics based model to generate permutations of what the target might look like as seen by the sensor in radiance space. The development and status of such a method is presented as applied to the generation of target spaces. The generated target spaces are designed to fully encompass image target pixels while …
Henry Kandrup's Ideas About Relaxation Of Stellar Systems, David Merritt
Henry Kandrup's Ideas About Relaxation Of Stellar Systems, David Merritt
Articles
Henry Kandrup wrote prolifically on the problem of relaxation of stellar systems. His picture of relaxation was significantly more refined than the standard description in terms of phase mixing and violent relaxation. In this article, I summarize Henry’s work in this and related areas.
Hst [Hubble Space Telescope]/Stis [Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph] Low Dispersion Spectroscopy Of Three Compact Steep Spectrum Sources: Evidence For Jet-Cloud Interaction, Alvaro Labiano, Christopher P. O'Dea, Richard Gelderman, David J. Axon, Stefi A. Baum, Et Al.
Hst [Hubble Space Telescope]/Stis [Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph] Low Dispersion Spectroscopy Of Three Compact Steep Spectrum Sources: Evidence For Jet-Cloud Interaction, Alvaro Labiano, Christopher P. O'Dea, Richard Gelderman, David J. Axon, Stefi A. Baum, Et Al.
Articles
We present Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph long-slit spectroscopy of the emission line nebulae in the compact steep spectrum radio sources 3C 67, 3C 277.1, and 3C 303.1. We derive BPT (Baldwin- Philips-Terlevich; Baldwin et al. 1981) diagnostic emission line ratios for the nebulae which are consistent with a mix of shock excitation and photoionization in the extended gas. In addition, line ratios indicative of lower ionization gas are found to be associated with higher gas velocities. The results are consistent with a picture in which these galaxy scale radio sources interact with dense clouds in the interstellar medium of …
A Polarized Clutter Measurement Technique Based On The Governing Equation For Polarimetric Remote Sensing In The Visible To Near Infrared, James Ii Shell, John R. Schott
A Polarized Clutter Measurement Technique Based On The Governing Equation For Polarimetric Remote Sensing In The Visible To Near Infrared, James Ii Shell, John R. Schott
Articles
Polarization adds another dimension to the spatial intensity and spectral information typically acquired in remote sensing. Polarization imparted by surface reflections contains unique and discriminatory signatures which may augment spectral target-detection techniques. While efforts have been made toward quantifying the polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pBRDF) responsible for target material polarimetric signatures, little has been done toward developing a description of the polarized background or scene clutter. An approach is presented for measuring the pBRDF of background materials such as vegetation. The governing equation for polarized radiance reaching a sensor aperture is first developed and serves as a basis for …
The Advanced Camera For Surveys Virgo Cluster Survey. V. Surface Brightness Fluctuation Calibration For Giant And Dwarf Early-Type Galaxies, Simona Mei, John Blakeslee, John L. Tonry, Andrés Jordán, Eric W. Peng, Patrick Côté, Laura Ferrarese, Michael J. West, David Merritt, Miloš Milosavljević
The Advanced Camera For Surveys Virgo Cluster Survey. V. Surface Brightness Fluctuation Calibration For Giant And Dwarf Early-Type Galaxies, Simona Mei, John Blakeslee, John L. Tonry, Andrés Jordán, Eric W. Peng, Patrick Côté, Laura Ferrarese, Michael J. West, David Merritt, Miloš Milosavljević
Articles
As part of the Advanced Camera for Survey(ACS) Virgo Cluster Survey, we have measured Surface Brightness Fluctuations (SBF) in a sample of 100 early-type Virgo galaxies. Distances derived from these measurements are needed to explore the three-dimensional structure of the Virgo Cluster, study the intrinsic parameters of globular clusters associated with the program galaxies, and compare with the galaxy distances derived from globular cluster luminosity functions. Our SBF measurements have been performed in the F850LP bandpass of the Wide Field Channel of the ACS on the Hubble Space Telescope. These are the first measurements of this kind, and we present …