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Articles 2671 - 2700 of 2927
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Honest Scientist's Guide To Dna Evidence, Richard O. Lempert
The Honest Scientist's Guide To Dna Evidence, Richard O. Lempert
Articles
The honest scientist recognizes that she herself is a test instrument, and a fallible one at that. Subjectivity inescapably enters into any human endeavor, and should not be denied. DNA testing is rife with subjective elements, no place more so than at the crucial stage of deciding whether a match exists. On the one hand, non-matching extraneous bands may sometimes be properly disregarded and patterns that do not quite meet objective matching criteria may be appropriately regarded as incriminatory matches. On the other hand, band patterns that do meet objective matching criteria may be treated as exonerative depending on how …
The Trace Of An Abelian Group:An Application To Digraphs, J. M. Burns, Brendan Goldsmith
The Trace Of An Abelian Group:An Application To Digraphs, J. M. Burns, Brendan Goldsmith
Articles
The trace of a finite Abelian group is used to give a short proof of a result of Arlinghaus and Harary on the digraph number of such a group
Taxation Of Damages After Schleier - Where Are We And Where Do We Go From Here?, Douglas A. Kahn
Taxation Of Damages After Schleier - Where Are We And Where Do We Go From Here?, Douglas A. Kahn
Articles
This article will examine the reasoning of the Schleier decision and speculate as to how taxation of pre-1996 damages will likely apply in light of Schleier. First, the article will set forth a very brief history of the judicial and administrative constructions of the statutory exclusion, and explore tax policy justifications for providing an exclusion from gross income for certain damages. These latter two items (set forth in Parts II and III of this article) are areas that have been extensively addressed previously by several commentators, including the author of this article.' The reason for exploring tax policy issues is …
Probability And Proof In State V. Skipper: An Internet Exchange, Ronald J. Allen, David J. Balding, Peter Donnelly, Richard D. Friedman, David H. Kaye, Lewis Henry Larue, Roger C. Park, Bernard Robertson, Alexander Stein
Probability And Proof In State V. Skipper: An Internet Exchange, Ronald J. Allen, David J. Balding, Peter Donnelly, Richard D. Friedman, David H. Kaye, Lewis Henry Larue, Roger C. Park, Bernard Robertson, Alexander Stein
Articles
This is not a conventional article. It is an edited version of messages sent to an Internet discussion list. The listings begin with the mention of a recent opinion of the Connecticut Supreme Court, parts of which are reproduced below. The listings soon move to broader issues concerning probability and other formal systems, their limitations, and their uses either in court or as devices for understanding legal proof.
On The Efficiency Of Secured Lending, David G. Carlson
On The Efficiency Of Secured Lending, David G. Carlson
Articles
The article challenges the Law and Economics movement's assertion that secured lending is inefficient, arguing instead that it can be efficient by reducing risk and lowering the cost of credit. Carlson contests the movement's reliance on outdated theories like the Modigliani-Miller model, which he believes fails to account for real-world factors such as time and risk. He posits that secured lending can prevent debtor misbehavior, thereby making credit more accessible and reducing risks for creditors.
On The Contribution Of Baseball To American Legal Theory, Charles M. Yablon
On The Contribution Of Baseball To American Legal Theory, Charles M. Yablon
Articles
The article explores the influence of baseball on American legal theory, arguing that baseball's rules and traditions have significantly shaped legal thought. It posits that baseball's structured yet flexible system, which acknowledges both luck and skill, offers valuable insights into legal principles and methodologies. The author contends that legal scholars have drawn parallels between baseball and law, leading to new perspectives in jurisprudence.
Chaos, Period-Doubling And Reverse Bifurcations In An Optically Injected Semiconductor Laser, Vassilios Kovanis, Athanasios Gavrielides, Thomas Simpson
Chaos, Period-Doubling And Reverse Bifurcations In An Optically Injected Semiconductor Laser, Vassilios Kovanis, Athanasios Gavrielides, Thomas Simpson
Articles
In conclusion, we have observed a reverse bifurcation from chaotic to periodic dynamics in a semiconductor laser subject to strong optical injection at its free-running frequency. Spontaneous emission noise effects obscure specific spectral features in the reverse period-doubling region, but by measuring the dynamic parameters of the laser we have shown that the coupled complex-field and carrier density model accounts for the observed spectra.
Controlling Unstable Periodic Orbits In A Nonlinear Optical System: The Ikeda Map, Paul Alsing, Athanasios Gavrielides, Vassilios Kovanis
Controlling Unstable Periodic Orbits In A Nonlinear Optical System: The Ikeda Map, Paul Alsing, Athanasios Gavrielides, Vassilios Kovanis
Articles
With the publication of the seminal paper by Ott, Grebogi and Yorke (OGY) [l] the concept of controlling chaos has become part of the lexicon of physicists and engineers dealing with chaotic nonlinear dynamical systems. The authors showed that by using small, judiciously applied perturbations the unstable periodic orbits, which are dense in a chaotic attractor, could be stabilized. The strength of their approach lies in the absence of the necessity for any a priori analytical model of the chaotic system in order to affect the control. The information required to construct the controlling perturbations can be extracted from experimental …
Bioethics In The Language Of The Law, Carl E. Schneider
Bioethics In The Language Of The Law, Carl E. Schneider
Articles
What happens when the language of the law becomes a vulgar tongue? What happens, more particularly, when parties to bioethical discourse are obliged to borrow in their daily controversies the ideas, and even the language, peculiar to judicial proceedings? How suited are the habits, taste, and language of the judicial magistrate to the political, and more particularly, the bioethical, questions of our time? We ask these questions because, as the incomparable Tocqueville foresaw, Americans today truly do resolve political-and moral--questions into judicial questions. As Abraham Lincoln hoped, the Constitution "has become the political religion of the nation," and many Americans …
The Partial Republican, John O. Mcginnis
Experimental Stark Shift Of Several Nii And Oii Spectral Lines, Mara Scepanovic, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Stevan Djenize, Mihajlo Platisa, Jaroslav Labat
Experimental Stark Shift Of Several Nii And Oii Spectral Lines, Mara Scepanovic, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Stevan Djenize, Mihajlo Platisa, Jaroslav Labat
Articles
Stark shift of four NII and seven OII spectral lines have been measured for the first time in the linear low pressure pulsed arc plasma and compared with existing theoretical values.
The Paradoxical Success Of Fuzzy Logic, Charles Elkan
The Paradoxical Success Of Fuzzy Logic, Charles Elkan
Articles
1993 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Applications of fuzzy logic in heuristic control have been highly successful, but which aspects of fuzzy logic are essential to its practical usefulness? This paper shows that an apparently reasonable version of fuzzy logic collapses mathematically to two-valued logic. Moreover, there are few if any published reports of …
Fuzzy Knowledge-Based Approach To Treating Uncertainty In Inventory Control, Dobrilla Petrovic, Edward Sweeney
Fuzzy Knowledge-Based Approach To Treating Uncertainty In Inventory Control, Dobrilla Petrovic, Edward Sweeney
Articles
Inventory control in complex manufacturing environments encounters various sources of uncertainity and imprecision. This paper presents one fuzzy knowledge-based approach to solving the problem of order quantity determination, in the presence of uncertain demand, lead time and actual inventory level. Uncertain data are represented by fuzzy numbers, and vaguely defined relations between them are modeled by fuzzy if-then rules. The proposed representation and inference mechanism are verified using a large numbers of examples. The results of three representative cases are summarized. Finally a comparison between the developed fuzzy knowledge-based and traditional, probabilistic approaches is discussed.
Bad Faith Refusal To Settle By Liability Insurers: Some Implications Of The Judgment-Proof Problem, Alan O. Sykes
Bad Faith Refusal To Settle By Liability Insurers: Some Implications Of The Judgment-Proof Problem, Alan O. Sykes
Articles
No abstract provided.
Of Richard Epstein And Other Radical Feminists, Mary Anne Case
Of Richard Epstein And Other Radical Feminists, Mary Anne Case
Articles
My goal in this discussion is to persuade all members of the Federalist Society that they are or should be feminists. I shall pursue this goal in two ways: first by setting forth an expansive definition of feminist jurisprudence; secondly by showing that anyone who combines the two commitments Richard Epstein urges on feminists-commitments to the descriptive message of sociobiology and to the normative message of libertarianism-must inevitably be, not merely a feminist, but a very radical feminist indeed. In short, feminism is for everyone, especially for Richard Epstein.
Faculty-Edited Law Journals, Richard A. Epstein
The President And The Administration, Cass R. Sunstein, Lawrence Lessig
The President And The Administration, Cass R. Sunstein, Lawrence Lessig
Articles
No abstract provided.
Fast Tcm Decoding: Phase Quantization And Integer Weighting, Frank Carden, Michael D. Ross, Brian T. Kopp, William P. Osborne
Fast Tcm Decoding: Phase Quantization And Integer Weighting, Frank Carden, Michael D. Ross, Brian T. Kopp, William P. Osborne
Articles
TCM, combining modulation and coding, achieves coding gains over conventional uncoded multilevel modulation without the attendant bandwidth expansion. Since TCM was proposed Ungerboeck (1982, 1987) substantial work has done in this area. A large portion of the TCM work has been in the area of high-speed data transmission over voice grade modems using quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM. QAM, not having a constant envelope, is unattractive for employing a TWT with its nonlinear behavior as the power stage. Additional work has been done in utilizing M-ary PSK with TCM. Simulations by Taylor and Chan (1981) utilizing a 4-state convolutional code demonstrated …
Character Impeachment Evidence: The Asymmetrical Interaction Between Personality And Situation, Richard D. Friedman
Character Impeachment Evidence: The Asymmetrical Interaction Between Personality And Situation, Richard D. Friedman
Articles
In Part I of this Comment, I present a short version of my argument against the admissibility of character impeachment evidence of criminal defendants, showing how the key elements ofthis argument are present in Professor Uviller's own Article. In Part II, I suggest that, notwithstanding Professor Uviller's comments to the contrary, an asymmetrical result-never admitting character evidence to impeach criminal defendants but admitting such evidence in some circumstances to impeach other witnesses- is perfectly reasonable. Finally, in Part III, I contend that Professor Uviller's interesting judicial surveys support the solution I have proposed for the problem of character impeachment evidence.
On Endomorphisms And Automorphisms Of Some Pure Subgroups Of The Baer-Specker Group, A. L.S. Corner, Brendan Goldsmith
On Endomorphisms And Automorphisms Of Some Pure Subgroups Of The Baer-Specker Group, A. L.S. Corner, Brendan Goldsmith
Articles
The endomoprhism algebras of certain pure subgroups of the Baer-Specker group are investigated to answer a question of Irwin. Automorphism groups of these Abelian groups are investigated and a realization theme is established.
Everyman's Fourth Amendment: Privacy Or Mutual Trust Between Government And Citizen, Scott E. Sundby
Everyman's Fourth Amendment: Privacy Or Mutual Trust Between Government And Citizen, Scott E. Sundby
Articles
No abstract provided.
Cyclic Voltammetry Of Polypyrroledodecylbenzenesulfonate Layers, T. Mccormac, W. Breen, A. Mcgee, John Cassidy, M. E.G. Lyons
Cyclic Voltammetry Of Polypyrroledodecylbenzenesulfonate Layers, T. Mccormac, W. Breen, A. Mcgee, John Cassidy, M. E.G. Lyons
Articles
Polypyrrole was deposited from solutions of NaCIO. and NaDBS, where DBS is dodecylbenzenesulfonate in aqueous solu\ion and characterizcd by voltammetry. It is found that the absence of the so-called 'double laver charging current' during cyclic voltammetry of the layers formed from solutions with surfactant is not because of' the" order in morphology of the layer, but irreversible incorporation of' the surfactant anion.
Paths, Cycles And Wheels In Graphs Without Antitriangles, Stanislaw Radziszowski, Xia Jin
Paths, Cycles And Wheels In Graphs Without Antitriangles, Stanislaw Radziszowski, Xia Jin
Articles
We investigate paths, cycles and wheels in graphs with independence number of at most 2, in particular we prove theorems characterizing all such graphs which are hamiltonian. Ramsey numbers of the form R (G,K3), for G being a path, a cycle or a wheel, are known to be 2n (G) - 1, except for some small cases. In this paper we derive and count all critical graphs 1 for these Ramsey numbers.
On (N,5,3)-Turan Systems, Elizabeth Boyer, Donald Kreher, Stanislaw Radziszowski
On (N,5,3)-Turan Systems, Elizabeth Boyer, Donald Kreher, Stanislaw Radziszowski
Articles
The minimal number of triples required to represent all quintuples on an n-element set is determined for n <= 13 and all extremal constructions are found. In particular we establish that there is a unique minimal system on 13 points, namely the 52 collinear triples of the projective plane of order 3.
Dielectric Response Of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Cells, Yuri Panarin, Huan Xu, Seamus Mac Lughadha, Jagdish Vij
Dielectric Response Of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Cells, Yuri Panarin, Huan Xu, Seamus Mac Lughadha, Jagdish Vij
Articles
No abstract provided.
Experts, Stories, And Information, Richard O. Lempert
Experts, Stories, And Information, Richard O. Lempert
Articles
In the infancy of the jury trial, there were no witnesses. The jury was self-informing. Members of the jury were drawn from the community. It was expected that they would know, either firsthand or on the basis of what they had heard, the true facts of any disputed incident, and they were gathered together to say what those facts were. Ronald Allen and Joseph Miller, in their insightful paper, see the ideal of the self-informing jury as very much alive today. Allen and Miller tell us that jurors ideally should experience firsthand the factual information needed to arrive at rational …
A Note On Distributed Estimation And Sufficiency, R. Viswanathan
A Note On Distributed Estimation And Sufficiency, R. Viswanathan
Articles
In relation to distributed parameter estimation, the notion of local and global sufficient statistics is introduced. It is shown that when a sufficiency condition is satisfied by the probability distribution of a random sample, a global sufficient statistic is obtainable as a function of local sufficient statistics. Several standard distributions satisfy the said sufficiency condition.
Dna, Science And The Law: Two Cheers For The Ceiling Principle, Richard O. Lempert
Dna, Science And The Law: Two Cheers For The Ceiling Principle, Richard O. Lempert
Articles
The ceiling principle is an intentionally conservative way of estimating the frequency with which individuals who share particular alleles appear in the general population. It establishes frequencies for each allele by taking random samples of 100 individuals from each of 15 to 20 populations and using the largest frequency with which the allele is found in any of these populations or 5 percent, whichever is larger, as an estimate of the allele's frequency in the population of interest. These frequencies are then multiplied to yield an estimate of the likelihood that a randomly selected person would exhibit the same allelic …
Legal Scholarship Today, Richard A. Posner
The Tension Between Rules And Discretion In Family Law: A Report And Reflection, Carl E. Schneider
The Tension Between Rules And Discretion In Family Law: A Report And Reflection, Carl E. Schneider
Articles
The history of law is many things. But one of them is the story of an unremitting struggle between rules and discretion. The tension between these two approaches to legal problems continues to pervade and perplex the law today. Perhaps nowhere is that tension more pronounced and more troubling than in family law. It is probably impossible to practice family law without wrestling with the imponderable choice between rules and discretion. Consider, for example, how many areas of family law are now being fought over in-just those terms. For decades we have lived with an abundantly discretionary way of resolving …