Digital Commons Network^™

Co-Location, Co-Location, Co-Location: Land Use And Housing Priorities Reimagined, Lee Anne Fennell

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No abstract provided.

Toward A New Understanding Of Creative Dynamics: From One-Size-Fits-All Models To Multiple And Dynamic Forms Of Creativity, Stephen Cummings, Chris Bilton, Dt Ogilvie

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This article proposes an alternative to a managerial "best practice" approach to creativity based on the notion of creativity as a singular concept. Our alternative draws on three fundamental ideas that are emerging in different pockets of the creativity literature in a way that can be readily conceptualized and applied in practice. The first idea is that creativity is really about "creativities", or a cluster of different and discrete qualities that can be combined to suit the context in which they operate. The second is that creativity is not static: it is about "creativitying", or the action and the practice …

Bioresponsive Antisense Dna Gold Nanobeacons As A Hybrid In Vivo Theranostics Platform For The Inhibition Of Cancer Cells And Metastasis, Chenchen Bao, Joao Conde, James Curtin, Daxiang Cui, Furong Tian, Natalie Artzi

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Gold nanobeacons can be used as a powerful tool for cancer theranostics. Here, we proposed a nanomaterial platform based on gold nanobeacons to detect, target and inhibit the expression of a mutant Kras gene in an in vivo murine gastric cancer model. The conjugation of fluorescently-labeled antisense DNA hairpin oligonucleotides to the surface of gold nanoparticles enables using their localized surface plasmon resonance properties to directly track the delivery to the primary gastric tumor and to lung metastatic sites. The fluorescently labeled nanobeacons reports on the interaction with the target as the fluorescent Cy3 signal is quenched by the gold …

Measures With Multiple Purposes: Puzzles From Ec-Seal Products, Donald H. Regan

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European Communities—Measures Prohibiting the Importation and Marketing of Seal Products is the first case in which the dispute system of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has wrestled with a regulation that pursued multiple conflicting, legitimate purposes. (I will explain later why Brazil—Retreaded Tyres is not such a case.) This generates puzzles about applying the definition of a “technical regulation” to complex measures; about whether an exception to a ban can be justified by a purpose different from that of the ban; and about how to apply “less restrictive alternative” analysis to measures with multiple goals. The first of these puzzles …

Diary Of A Cataract Surgeon 2045, Claire E. Mcdonnell

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No abstract provided.

Loss Of Foxm1 Results In Reduced Somatotrope Cell Number During Mouse Embryogenesis., Michael J Calderon, Adam G Ploegman, Brock Bailey, Deborah O Jung, Amy M Navratil, Buffy S Ellsworth

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FOXM1, a member of the forkhead box transcription factor family, plays a key role in cell cycling progression by regulating the expression of critical G1/S and G2/M phase transition genes. In vivo studies reveal that Foxm1 null mice have a 91% lethality rate at e18.5 due to significant cardiovascular and hepatic hypoplasia. Thus, FOXM1 has emerged as a key protein regulating mitotic division and cell proliferation necessary for embryogenesis. In the current study, we assess the requirement for Foxm1 in the developing pituitary gland. We find that Foxm1 is expressed in the pituitary at embryonic days 10.5-e18.5 and localizes with …

The Invention Of Low-Value Speech, Genevieve Lakier

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No abstract provided.

Marx, Law, Ideology, Legal Positivism, Brian Leiter

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No abstract provided.

Of Property Rights And Rights To Property, James E. Krier

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In 2004, President George W. Bush said, “I believe in private property so much, I want everyone in America to have some.” Much earlier, in 1948, an economics professor from the University of Texas expressed the same sentiment in strikingly similar terms. When asked by an investigatory committee of the Texas legislature whether he favored private property, he replied, “I do . . . and so strongly that I want everyone in Texas to have some.” Even putting aside the possibility that the President’s speechwriters found inspiration in an unacknowledged source, there are several interesting things to note about these …

Finding, Sharing And Risk Of Loss: Of Whales, Bees And Other Valuable Finds In Iceland, Denmark And Norway, William I. Miller, Helle Vogt

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The focus of the paper is twofold: the first part is about how property rights were assigned and ranked in finds, both in those items such as bees, rings and other valuables which were previously owned, and also in those things, like whales, which were unowned. We focus on Icelandic, Danish and Norwegian laws from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, yet most of the provisions were copied into later laws and were in force up until modern times, some even current now. The second part treats the question of how risks of loss were handled, and how simple forms of …

Vitamin D As An Adjunctive Therapy In Asthma. Part 2: A Review Of Human Studies, Conor Kerley, Basil Elnazir, John Faul, Liam Cormican

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Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is highly prevalent worldwide, with adverse effects on bone health but also potentially other unfavorable consequences. VDD and asthma-incidence/severity share many common risk factors, including winter season, industrialization, poor diet, obesity, dark skin pigmentation, and high latitude. Multiple anatomical areas relevant to asthma contain both the enzyme responsible for producing activated vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor suggesting that activated vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D) may have important local effects at these sites. Emerging evidence suggests that VDD is associated with increased airway hyperresponsiveness, decreased pulmonary function, worse asthma control, and possibly decreased response to …

Vitamin D As An Adjunctive Therapy In Asthma. Part 1: A Review Of Potential Mechanisms, Conor Kerley, Basil Elnazir, John Faul, Liam Cormican

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Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is highly prevalent worldwide. The classical role for vitamin D is to regulate calcium absorption form the gastrointestinal tract and influence bone health. Recently vitamin D receptors and vitamin D metabolic enzymes have been discovered in numerous sites systemically supporting diverse extra-skeletal roles of vitamin D, for example in asthmatic disease. Further, VDD and asthma share several common risk factors including high latitude, winter season, industrialization, poor diet, obesity, and dark skin pigmentation. Vitamin D has been demonstrated to possess potent immunomodulatory effects, including effects on T cells and B cells as well as increasing production …

Rnai-Based Glyconanoparticles Trigger Apoptotic Pathways For In Vitro And In Vivo Enhanced Cancer-Cell Killing, Joao Conde, Furong Tian, Yulan Hernandez, Chenchen Bao, Pedro Baptista, Daxiang Cui, Tobias Stoeger, Jesus M. De La Fuentec

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biotechnology and material science due to their amazing physical, chemical and biological properties. Here, siRNA GlycoNPs (AuNP@PEG@Glucose@siRNA) in comparison to PEGylated GlycoNPs (AuNP@PEG@Glucose) were applied in vitro to a luciferase-CMT/167 adenocarcinoma cancer cell line and in vivo via intratracheal instillation directly into the lung of B6 albino mice grafted with luciferase-CMT/167 adenocarcinoma cells. siRNA GlycoNPs but not PEGylated GlycoNPs induced the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Fas/CD95 and caspases 3 and 9 in CMT/167 adenocarcinoma cells in a dose dependent manner, independent from the inflammatory response, evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage cell counting. Moreover, in vivo pulmonary delivered siRNA GlycoNPs …

Building A Model Of Tumorigenesis: A Small Group Activity For A Cancer Biology/Cell Biology Course, Leslie Kate Wright

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The multistep nature of tumorigenesis is a foundational concept in the context of Cancer Biology. Many students do not appreciate the complex nature of cancer development nor do they understand how scientists are able to unravel the molecular pathways that lead to tumorigenesis. In this small group activity, students are presented with background information about the multistep nature of tumorigenesis and complete a priming activity that allows them to brainstorm and discuss experimental design. Students are then presented with data from the landmark manuscript, published in 1998 by Vogelstein et al., describing the first pathway of genetic alterations associated …

Why "Live-And-Let-Live" Is Not A Viable Solution To The Difficult Problems Of Religious Accommodation In The Age Of Sexual Civil Rights, Mary Anne Case

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No abstract provided.

Raman Micro Spectroscopy For In Vitro Drug Screening: Subcellular Localisation And Interactions Of Doxorubicin, Zeineb Farhane, Franck Bonnier, Alan Casey, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Vibrational spectroscopy, including Raman spectroscopy, has been widely used over the last few years to explore potential biomedical applications. Indeed, Raman spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a powerful non-invasive tool in cancer diagnosis and monitoring. In confocal microscopic mode, the technique is also a molecularly specific analytical tool with optical resolution which has potential applications in subcellular analysis of biochemical processes, and therefore as an in vitro screening tool of the efficacy and mode of action of, for example, chemotherapeutic agents.

In order to demonstrate and explore the potential in this field, established, model chemotherapeutic agents can be valuable. …

Valorization Of Fish By-Products: Rheological, Textural And Microstructural Properties Of Mackerel Skin Gelatins, Zied Khiari, Daniel Rico, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Catherine Barry-Ryan

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The fish processing industry generates significant amounts of waste which is usually discarded. The present study investigated the recovery of gelatins from Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) skins after pre-treatment with different environmentally-friendly organic acids (acetic, citric, lactic, tartaric or malic acid). The chemical composition, the rheological and the textural properties as well as the microstructural characteristics of the extracted gelatins were analysed and compared to commercial bovine hide gelatin. Although the organic acid used in the pre-treatment step did not affect the extraction yield and the chemical composition of the prepared gelatins, differences were observed in terms of rheology and …

Employing Response Surface Methodology For The Optimization Of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Of Lutein And Β-Carotene From Spinach, David A. Lightfoot, Ammar Altemimi, Mary Kinsel, Dennis G. Watson

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Abstract: The extraction of lutein and β-carotene from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves is important to the dietary supplement industry. A Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to investigate the effect of process variables on the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of lutein and β-carotene from spinach. Three independent variables, extraction temperature (°C), extraction power (%) and extraction time (min) were studied. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) followed by UV visualization and densitometry was used as a simple and rapid method for both identification and quantification of lutein and β-carotene during UAE. Methanol extracts of leaves from spinach and authentic …

Multivariate Statistical Methodologies Applied In Biomedical Raman Spectroscopy: Assessing The Validity Of Partial Least Squares Regression Using Simulated Model Datasets., Mark Keating

Articles

Raman spectroscopy is fast becoming a valuable analytical tool in a number of biomedical scenarios, most notably disease diagnostics. Importantly, the technique has also shown increasing promise in the assessment of drug interactions on a cellular and subcellular level, particularly when coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. However, an important consideration, both with Raman spectroscopy and the associated statistical methodologies, is the accuracy of these techniques and more specifically the sensitivities which can be achieved and ultimately the limits of detection of the various methods. The purpose of this study is thus the construction of a model simulated data set with …

Reflections On Comity In The Law Of American Federalism, Gil Seinfeld

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Comity is a nebulous concept familiar to us from the law of international relations. Roughly speaking, it describes a set of reciprocal norms among nations that call for one state to recognize, and sometimes defer to, the laws, judgments, or interests of another. Comity also features prominently in the law of American federalism, but in that context, it operates within limits that have received almost no attention from scholarly commentators. Specifically, although courts routinely describe duties that run from one state to another, or from the federal government to the states, as exercises in comity, they almost never rely on …

Ec – Seal Products: Seals And Sensibilities (Tbt Aspects Of The Panel And Appellate Body Reports), Donald H. Regan

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The EC-Seal Products case stemmed from complaints by Canada and Norway against European Union regulations that effectively banned the importation and marketing of seal products from those countries. The EU said it had responded to European moral outrage at the killing of seals. Canada and Norway challenged the regime under various provisions of the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement and the GATT. This article considers TBT aspects of the Panel and Appellate Body decisions. It discusses issues such as whether there is any bright line to be drawn between legitimate and illegitimate purposes in regulation, the proper legal meaning …

Spectropathology For The Next Generation: Quo Vadis?, Hugh Byrne, Malgorzata Baranska, Gerwin J. Pupples, Nick Stone, Bayden Wood, Kathleen M. Gough, Peter Lasch, Phil Heraud, Josep Sulé-Suso, Ganesh Sockalingum

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Although the potential of vibrational spectroscopy for biomedical applications has been well demonstrated, translation into clinical practice has been relatively slow. This Editorial assesses the challenges facing the field and the potential way forward. While many technological challenges have been addressed to date, considerable effort is still required to gain acceptance of the techniques among the medical community, standardise protocols, extend to a clinically relevant scale, and ultimately assess the health economics underlying clinical deployment. National and international research networks can contribute much to technology development and standardisation. Ultimately, large-scale funding is required to engage in clinical trials and instrument …

Optical Diagnostics – Spectropathology For The Next Generation, Malgorzata Baranska, Hugh Byrne

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Potential Of Biofluid Components To Modify Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity, Gordon Chambers, Anna Murphy, Kate Sheehy, Alan Casey

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Abstract

Establishing realistic exposure scenarios is critical for cytotoxic investigation of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in the gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated the potential interaction with and effect of biofluid components, namely cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid, on AgNP toxicity. Two cell lines corresponding to organs related to the biofluid components were employed. These were HepG-2 a hepatocellular carcinoma derived from liver tissue and Hep2 an epithelial cell line. Physiochemical and cytotoxic screening was performed and the ability of biofluid components to modify AgNP cytotoxicity was explored. No alteration to the physiochemical characteristics of AgNP by biofluid components was …

Sequential Structural And Fluid Dynamics Analysis Of Balloon-Expandable Coronary Stents: A Multivariable Statistical Analysis, David Martin, Fergal Boyle

Articles

Several clinical studies have identified a strong correlation between neointimal hyperplasia following coronary stent deployment and both stent-induced arterial injury and altered vessel hemodynamics. As such, the sequential structural and fluid dynamics analysis of balloon-expandable stent deployment should provide a comprehensive indication of stent performance. Despite this observation, very few numerical studies of balloon-expandable coronary stents have considered both the mechanical and hemodynamic impact of stent deployment. Furthermore, in the few studies that have considered both phenomena, only a small number of stents have been considered. In this study, a sequential structural and fluid dynamics analysis methodology was employed to …

An Unapologetic Defense Of The Classical Liberal Constitution, Richard A. Epstein

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No abstract provided.

At The Fontier Of The Younger Doctrine: Reflections On Google V. Hood, Gil Seinfeld

Articles

On December 19, 2014, long-simmering tensions between Mississippi Attorney General Jim Hood and the search engine giant Google boiled over into federal court when Google filed suit against the Attorney General to enjoin him from bringing civil or criminal charges against it for alleged violations of the Mississippi Consumer Protection Act. Hood had been investigating and threatening legal action against Google for over a year for its alleged failure to do enough to prevent its search engine, advertisements, and YouTube website from facilitating public access to illegal, dangerous, or copyright protected goods. The case has garnered a great deal of …

Multivariate Statistical Methodologies Applied In Biomedical Raman Spectroscopy: Assessing The Validity Of Partial Least Squares Regression Using Simulated Model Datasets, Mark E. Keating, Haq Nawaz, Franck Bonnier, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Raman spectroscopy is fast becoming a valuable analytical tool in a number of biomedical scenarios, most notably disease diagnostics. Importantly, the technique has also shown increasing promise in the assessment of drug interactions on a cellular and subcellular level, particularly when coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. However, an important consideration, both with Raman spectroscopy and the associated statistical methodologies, is the accuracy of these techniques and more specifically the sensitivities which can be achieved and ultimately the limits of detection of the various methods. The purpose of this study is thus the construction of a model simulated data set with …

Hydrologic And Erosion Responses Of Sagebrush Steppe Following Juniper Encroachment, Wildfire, And Tree Cutting, Frederick B. Pierson, Christopher Jason Williams, Stuart P. Hardegree, Patrick E. Clark, Patrick R. Kormos, Osama Z. Al-Hamdan

Articles

Extensive woodland expansion in the Great Basin has generated concern regarding ecological impacts of tree encroachment on sagebrush rangelands and strategies for restoring sagebrush steppe. This study used rainfall (0.5 m² and 13 m² scales) and concentrated flow simulations and measures of vegetation, ground cover, and soils to investigate hydrologic and erosion impacts of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) encroachment into sagebrush steppe and to evaluate short-term effects of burning and tree cutting on runoff and erosion responses. The overall effects of tree encroachment were a reduction in understory vegetation and formation of highly erodible, bare intercanopy …

Cell Viability Assessment Using The Alamar Blue Assay: A Comparison Of 2d And 3d Cell Culture Models, Franck Bonnier, Mark Keating, Tomasz P. Wrobel, Katarsyna Majzner, Malgorzata Baranska, Amaya Garcia, Alfonso Blanco, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Comparisons of 2D and 3D cell culture models in literature have indicated differences in cellular morphology and metabolism, commonly attributed the better representation of in vivo conditions of the latter cell culture environment. Thus, interest in the use of 3D collagen gels for in vitro analysis has been growing. Although comparative studies to date have indicated an enhanced resistance of cells on collagen matrices against different toxicants, in the present study it is demonstrated that non-adapted protocols can lead to misinterpretation of results obtained from classical colorometric dye-based cytotoxic assays. Using the well established Alamar Blue assay, the …