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Gender-Specific Facilitators And Barriers To Health-Related Quality Of Life In Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: A Mixed Methods Study, Leigh Ann Bray Jan 2018

Gender-Specific Facilitators And Barriers To Health-Related Quality Of Life In Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: A Mixed Methods Study, Leigh Ann Bray

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BACKGROUND: With the life expectancy of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) doubling over the last two decades, it is critical that healthcare providers address both quantity and quality of life. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) encompasses physical, social, psychological, and functional aspects of daily living and how CF impacts each one. Women with CF consistently report having an overall poorer quality of life across international studies, but the cause of the gender difference is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences in HRQoL and then build upon those results to better understand gender-specific facilitators and barriers …

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The Effects Of Growth Hormone In Human Melanoma Cell Lines, Ashiya Buckels Jan 2018

The Effects Of Growth Hormone In Human Melanoma Cell Lines, Ashiya Buckels

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Melanoma is less common than basal and squamous cell skin cancers, but is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. ~90% of melanomas carry a mutation in the RAS-RAF pathway, which promotes progression by constitutive activation of the extracellular sig-nal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. BRAF inhibition is an effective line of therapy for advance melanoma, but patients often progress due to the development of several forms of treatment resistance. Therapeutic resistance often results in increased invasion and migration of the cancer into proximal and distant tissues leading to the formation of metastasis. Examination of various cancer genomics data sets using …

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Multimodal Imaging (Fmri Bold Task, Functional Connectivity & Spectroscopy) Longitudinal Analysis Of Antipsychotic Treatment Effects In Unmedicated Patients With Schizophrenia, Elyse Cadena Jan 2018

Multimodal Imaging (Fmri Bold Task, Functional Connectivity & Spectroscopy) Longitudinal Analysis Of Antipsychotic Treatment Effects In Unmedicated Patients With Schizophrenia, Elyse Cadena

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Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects around 1% of the world’s population. Antipsychotic medication does not effectively treat all symptoms as around 1/3 of those diagnosed will remain unresponsive to treatment. Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) present dysfunction in cognitive control processes compared to healthy controls (HC). Neuroimaging SZ studies report abnormalities in brain function and neurochemistry, although the majority of these studies involve medicated patients. To better determine SZ brain abnormalities, it is vital to characterize brain function without the confounding effect of antipsychotic medication, determine the extent of medication’s effects on brain function, and the relationship with symptom …

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Mitochondria-To-Nucleus Retrograde Signaling And Its Role In Cancer, Trevor Carden Jan 2018

Mitochondria-To-Nucleus Retrograde Signaling And Its Role In Cancer, Trevor Carden

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Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a hallmark of cancer. Mitochondria are essential, cellular organelles that participate in processes including energy production, calcium homeostasis and steroid metabolism. Mitochondria have been more recently appreciated for their role in cellular signaling, bringing about a greater understanding of their role in many diseases including cancer. Retrograde signaling is a mechanism by which the nucleus responds to mitochondrial dysfunction by modulating its own transcriptional programs to maintain metabolic and cellular processes. Many genes have already been identified as participants in or mediators of this signaling mechanism; these include cell signaling, metabolic and structural genes as well …

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The Mechanism Of Tgf-Β Function In Development Of The Axial Skeleton, Ga I Ban Jan 2018

The Mechanism Of Tgf-Β Function In Development Of The Axial Skeleton, Ga I Ban

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THE MECHANISM OF TGF-β FUNCTION IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE AXIAL SKELETON GA I BAN CELL, MOLECULAR DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY ABSTRACT Back pain is caused by degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVD). IVD consists of two compartments: the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the nucleus pulposus (NP). One strategy for treatment of IVD degeneration is stem cell therapy, which would require an in-depth knowledge of how the IVD develops. Currently, the molecular mechanism of IVD development are not well defined. AF and vertebral bodies (VB) are derived from the same embryonic progenitor, sclerotome. Specification of sclerotome is determined by complex interactions among various growth …

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Psychosocial Job Stress And Oxidative Stress In Emergency Department Nurses, Rupkatha Bardhan Jan 2018

Psychosocial Job Stress And Oxidative Stress In Emergency Department Nurses, Rupkatha Bardhan

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Job stress often causes work-related physical injuries and chronic exposure to such environment may lead to poor health outcomes. Job stress in recent years has grown significantly within the workforce due to performance pressure, long work hours and poor pay structures. Nurses work in the forefront to save patients’ lives. High job demand in this noble profession often leads to progressive decline in physical and mental health. There are existing reports that nurses in the United States (US) suffer from “burnout” syndrome which may also negatively affect patient care. There are very few studies that measured work-related stress in nurses …

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Wear, Corrosion, And Micromotion In Retrieval And Autopsy Components Of Tkr, Heath Mitchell Baskin Jan 2018

Wear, Corrosion, And Micromotion In Retrieval And Autopsy Components Of Tkr, Heath Mitchell Baskin

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Total knee replacement (TKR) is used to remedy end-stage joint deterioration. Despite advancements in TKR design, thousands of patients still experience aseptic loosening and the revision surgeries that follow. Wear and corrosion processes can lead to the harmful production of debris, causing osteolysis in the periprosthetic space. This study seeks to quantify the relationships of wear, corrosion, and micromotion as it relates to aseptic loosening in TKR. 17 TKR devices harvested at revision surgeries and 6 necropsy devices available through UAB’s retrieval program were scored for wear and inflammatory cell-induced corrosion (ICIC). All devices were implanted ≤ 10 years. All …

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Connecting Cilium Proteins Bbs5 And Mks6 And Their Roles In Retinal Degeneration, Katie Leigh Bales Jan 2018

Connecting Cilium Proteins Bbs5 And Mks6 And Their Roles In Retinal Degeneration, Katie Leigh Bales

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The primary cilium is an evolutionary conserved structure with numerous motility and sensory-related functions, dynamically concentrating signaling molecules to developmental, homeostatic and sensory pathways. Rod and cone photoreceptor cells are highly modified primary cilia, which reside in the back of the eye within the neural retina and are responsible for dim light sensitivity and visual acuity/ color vision, respectfully. These cells require massive protein production and proper protein trafficking on a daily basis. The major protein complexes that govern protein trafficking within photoreceptors form the connecting cilium, are the transition zone which serves as a gatekeeper, regulating protein trafficking into …

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Immunophenotype In The Molecular Epidemiology Of Breast Cancer, Michael Behring Jan 2018

Immunophenotype In The Molecular Epidemiology Of Breast Cancer, Michael Behring

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This research analyzes the underlying genomic features of breast tumors during immune response, with the overall goal of discovering markers of how tumor immunity and the known features of disease pathology relate. We aimed to 1) identify and validate somatic copy number variation and RNA expression associated with nodal metastasis; 2) construct an array-based measure of tumor infiltrating immune cells and determine its prominent clinical and transcriptional features; and 3) examine the relationship between somatic mutations within p53 and tumor immune cell infiltration status. In two sets of data, gene-level copy number variation (CNV) and RNA expression from the primary …

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Racial Disparities In Oncology Clinical Trial Participation: A Qualitative Exploration, Soumya J. Niranjan Jan 2018

Racial Disparities In Oncology Clinical Trial Participation: A Qualitative Exploration, Soumya J. Niranjan

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Introduction: Current rates of participation for racial and ethnic minorities in cancer clinical trials are significantly lower when compared to non-Hispanic whites. The patients’ perspective on reasons for low participation is abundant. Yet, very little is known from the perspective of clinical and research professionals who are actively involved in patient recruitment. This study seeks to understand their perspective on how the external environment associated with the health care system contributes to limited participation of racial and ethnic minority groups in cancer clinical trials. To that effect, the health services utilization framework was utilized. Data/Methods: EMPaCT data with 91 qualitative …

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Aberrant Astrocyte Maturation Contributes To Rett Syndrome Pathogenesis, Natasha Lynn Pacheco Jan 2018

Aberrant Astrocyte Maturation Contributes To Rett Syndrome Pathogenesis, Natasha Lynn Pacheco

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Rett syndrome (RTT) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the transcriptional modulator, Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2). RTT is characterized by motor, behavioral and physiological deficits. MECP2 mutations are associated with other disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability, underscoring the important role of MeCP2 for typical brain function. Much of our understanding of MeCP2 function is derived from transcriptomic studies carried out over the last 10 years with the general assumption that alterations in the transcriptome correlate with proteomic changes. Advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have facilitated recent interest in the examination of global protein expression. In …

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Effect Of Dietary Compounds In Epigenetic Modulation And Microbial Alteration And Their Roles In Breast Tumor Inhibition, Bidisha Paul Jan 2018

Effect Of Dietary Compounds In Epigenetic Modulation And Microbial Alteration And Their Roles In Breast Tumor Inhibition, Bidisha Paul

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Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Current methods of chemoprevention and therapy have cytotoxic effects and have several short-term and long-term side effects. Therefore, the use of natural dietary bioactive compounds has gained prominence as safe and effective agents of chemoprevention and therapy. Genistein (GE), an isoflavone found in soy products, has been shown to exhibit several anticancer properties, particularly as an epigenetic modifier. We have observed that GE has the ability to alter the gut microbiome of germ-free mice humanized with fecal transplants from breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We …

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The Role Of Astrocytes In The Development Of Central Chemosensitivity, Kelsey Patterson Jan 2018

The Role Of Astrocytes In The Development Of Central Chemosensitivity, Kelsey Patterson

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In the two decades since MECP2 was identified as the causative gene in the majority of Rett Syndrome (RTT) cases, transgenic mouse models have played a critical role in our understanding of this X-linked neurodevelopmental disease. However, their exclusive use presents a limitation in translating findings from animal models to the clinic. Here, we characterized growth, anatomical, behavioral, and motor deficits in a novel zinc-finger nuclease murine RTT model from birth through adulthood. Male rats lacking the transcriptional regulatory protein, MeCP2 (Mecp2ZFN/y), are noticeably symptomatic as early as postnatal day (P) 21 and die prematurely, while females lacking one copy …

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The Role Of Pim Kinases In Hepatoblastoma Tumorigenicity, Stem Cell-Like Cancer Cell Maintenance, And Chemoresistance, Laura Lee Stafman Jan 2018

The Role Of Pim Kinases In Hepatoblastoma Tumorigenicity, Stem Cell-Like Cancer Cell Maintenance, And Chemoresistance, Laura Lee Stafman

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Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver malignancy in children. Despite increasing incidence, treatment has not changed significantly in the past 20 years, making the need for novel therapeutics imperative. Proviral Integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases that have been implicated in multiple other cancer types including the adult liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma. Emerging evidence has begun to elucidate a role for PIM kinases in stem-cell like cancer cells (SCLCCs). This subpopulation of cells is thought tobe responsible for tumor maintenance, recurrence, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to …

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The Role Of Glycosylation Initiation By Galnac-Ts In Iga Nephropathy, Tyler Stewart Jan 2018

The Role Of Glycosylation Initiation By Galnac-Ts In Iga Nephropathy, Tyler Stewart

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The autoimmune disease IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common cause of primary glo-merulonephritis, often resulting in end-stage renal disease. IgAN patients have elevated serum levels of immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) with autoantigenic galactose-deficient (gd) O-glycans. The gd-O-glycans occur at specific sites within IgA1 hinge-region. We hy-pothesized that GalNAc-Ts play a role in the formation of gd-IgA1, due to their role in determining glycosylation sites and densities. To better understand how GalNAc-Ts may change O-glycans of IgA1 in IgAN we characterized the complex glycosylation mecha-nism involved in mucin-type O-glycan synthesis of IgA1 hinge-region. In the first section of this work, we explore …

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Protein O-Glcnacylation In Hippocampal Hyperexcitability & Gabaergic Neurotransmission, Luke Thomas Stewart Jan 2018

Protein O-Glcnacylation In Hippocampal Hyperexcitability & Gabaergic Neurotransmission, Luke Thomas Stewart

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Plasticity at central synapses is a vital component of neuronal function and an intensively studied phenomenon thought to underlie learning and memory processes in brain structures including the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. A principle mechanism at work during long-term plasticity is the rapid and heavily regulated post-translational modification of synaptic proteins such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. A comparatively understudied modification is ‘O-GlcNAcylation’, a distinct form of monoglycosylation with rapid intracellular signaling capacity as opposed to the structural and extracellular signaling roles of O- and N-linked polysaccharide chains on conventionally glycosylated proteins. O-GlcNAcylated proteins are found in every cell type/tissue system …

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Pharmacological Inhibition Of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein To Protect Against Diabetes, Lance Thielen Jan 2018

Pharmacological Inhibition Of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein To Protect Against Diabetes, Lance Thielen

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The loss of functional beta cell mass represents a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Inadequate production of insulin, a glucose-lowering hormone, and elevated glucagon production, a gluconeogenic hormone, contribute to impaired glycemic control and hyperglycemia. This promotes a vicious cycle involving glucotoxicity and additional beta cell dysfunction. Currently there are no therapies that halt this process; however, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target. TXNIP was found to be the top glucose-induced gene in a human pancreatic islet microarray, is increased in mouse models of diabetes and diabetic human …

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The Effects Of Body Size, Growth, And History Of Diabetes On Glioma Risk, Rebecca Barnhill Little Jan 2018

The Effects Of Body Size, Growth, And History Of Diabetes On Glioma Risk, Rebecca Barnhill Little

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Many dietary exposures have weak or null associations with glioma risk. As nutrition can affect growth rate in adolescence, body size throughout the lifespan, and the propensity for Type 2 diabetes, the goal of this project was to examine the relationships between these surrogates of nutritional states and the risk of glioma. The aims of this project were to examine the associations between glioma risk and 1) self-reported body measures; 2) age when full height was attained; 3) and a history of diabetes. To investigate the first aim, 1,111 glioma cases and 1,096 community controls completed a structured interview to …

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Growth And Analysis Of Transition-Metal-Doped Znse-Based Materials And Thin Film Structures For Mid-Infrared Optoelectronic Applications, Zachary R. Lindsey Jan 2018

Growth And Analysis Of Transition-Metal-Doped Znse-Based Materials And Thin Film Structures For Mid-Infrared Optoelectronic Applications, Zachary R. Lindsey

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Transition metal (TM)-doped II-VI semiconductor thin films have been shown to be attractive materials for mid-infrared (mid-IR) laser sources due to broad applicability in the sensing and detection of a wide range of organic molecules. Specifically, when ZnSe is doped with Cr2+ ions, the resulting broadband emission characteristics in the 2-3 µm spectral range create the potential for tunable lasing in the mid-IR. This dissertation research is motivated by the need for low cost, efficient, portable materials to be incorporated into multilayered mid-IR optoelectronic devices providing appropriate optical confinement, efficient quantum confinement of carriers, and optical emission in the mid-IR …

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The Oxidative Tyrosine Modification, O,O’-Dityrosine, In Lung Disease, Morgan Locy Jan 2018

The Oxidative Tyrosine Modification, O,O’-Dityrosine, In Lung Disease, Morgan Locy

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The oxidative tyrosine modification, o,o′-dityrosine, has been identified in various pathologic conditions associated with oxidative stress in mammalian systems, and demonstrated to be important in physiologic processes in invertebrate organisms. The formation of o,o’-dityrosine is catalyzed by a heme peroxidase (hPx) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The understanding of this stable, covalent tyrosine modifica-tion in lung biology is limited. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases, including interstitial lung disease (ILD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). We observed that the oxidative protein modification, o,o’-dityrosine, was markedly ele-vated in the circulating plasma of ILD patients …

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Gender Differences In The Metabolism And Antidepressant Effects Of Ketamine, Emily Hugo Jan 2018

Gender Differences In The Metabolism And Antidepressant Effects Of Ketamine, Emily Hugo

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Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that interacts with the glutamatergic system, acting as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. At higher doses, ketamine produces negative psychotomimetic side effects, including hallucinations and delirium, leading to its abuse in the 1980s and 90s. Recently, it has been determined that at sub-anesthetic doses, it is a fast-acting antidepressant. Because ketamine elicits fast and long-lasting antidepressant responses in patients, it is being studied as a possible treatment option for those with major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Further, studies have shown that men and women respond to ketamine treatments differently, especially in long-term treatment, suggesting …

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Preventing Osteoarthritis By Targeting The Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling Pathway, Robert Dalton Chavez Jan 2018

Preventing Osteoarthritis By Targeting The Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling Pathway, Robert Dalton Chavez

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degenerated cartilage. In age-related OA, the molecular mechanisms that initiate cartilage erosion are not well defined. However, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is attenuated in the cartilage of patients with age-related OA and therefore may play a role in the disease. Degenerated cartilage has a rough surface and exhibits changes in stiffness. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), also known as lubricin, helps lubricate the surface of cartilage, and 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate synthase 2 (PAPSS2) helps maintain the stiffness of cartilage. Both PRG4 and PAPSS2 are regulated by TGF-β and down-regulated in OA cartilage. The present research elucidated …

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Characterization Of Membrane Associated Mucins In Ocular Surface Disease, Anna Ablamowicz Jan 2018

Characterization Of Membrane Associated Mucins In Ocular Surface Disease, Anna Ablamowicz

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Mucins on the ocular surface are found in the tear film and are attached to corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells on the eye. The bulbar conjunctiva of the ocular surface can be divided into four anatomical regions: temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior. The palpebral conjunctiva is the epithelial layer of the inner surfaces of the upper and lower eyelids. In the tears, mucins provide lubrication of the ocular surface through formation of a hydrophilic gel. The primary mucin in the tear film is MUC5AC which is secreted by goblet cells that are located in varying densities within the bulbar conjunctiva. …

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Parental Decision-Making In Use Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine, Meka B. Astin Jan 2018

Parental Decision-Making In Use Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine, Meka B. Astin

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One health care trend is the growing public interest in, and use of, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Research in the United States suggests that significant numbers of children are involved in various forms of alternative medicine. The purpose of this dissertation is to assess the predictors of parental decision-making of CAM use for their child using five categories of CAM therapies: alternative medical systems, biologically- based, mind-body, manipulative, and a separate and distinct category to include all CAM medical systems. Andersen’s health care Utilization Model (HUM), which holds that health service use is a function of predisposing, enabling, needs …

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A Study To Examine The Relationship Between Hospital Mergers And Patient Experience, Timothy William Attebery Jan 2018

A Study To Examine The Relationship Between Hospital Mergers And Patient Experience, Timothy William Attebery

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Since 2009, the United States has experienced another wave of hospital mergers. Consequently, health systems are getting larger and increasing their market concentration. How patients benefit from hospital consolidation remains an open issue for policy-makers, economists, health care executives, community leaders, politicians, government agencies, and others. One measure of healthcare consolidation’s impact, and its potential benefit/detriment, is how mergers affect patient experience, which, since 2007, has been measured by the standardized HCAHPS instrument. Hundreds of studies conducted over the past 50 years have found mergers trigger an internal, socially-disruptive effect in the first 12 to 24 months following the event …

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Examination Of The Dynamic Assembly Mechanism Of E. Coli Clpa, Elizabeth C. Duran Jan 2018

Examination Of The Dynamic Assembly Mechanism Of E. Coli Clpa, Elizabeth C. Duran

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E. coli ClpA is an AAA+ (ATPase Associated with diverse cellular Activities) chaperone that catalyzes the ATP-dependent unfolding and translocation of substrate proteins targeted for degradation into a protease, ClpP. ClpA, like many other AAA+ proteins, assembles into a hexameric ring competent for binding polypeptide substrate clients in the presence of ATP. Each ClpA protomer contains two nucleotide binding domains, NBD1 and NBD2. Recently, our lab applied hydrodynamic techniques to quantify the self-assembly mechanism of a closely related AAA+ chaperone, E. coli ClpB. Here we apply the techniques and analysis from that work to investigate the nucleotide-linked self-assembly mechanism of …

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Cerebral Vasospasm Detection And Treatment Using Transcranial Doppler Signal Analysis And Adaptive Medication Pump Mechanism, Khaled Elzaafarany Jan 2018

Cerebral Vasospasm Detection And Treatment Using Transcranial Doppler Signal Analysis And Adaptive Medication Pump Mechanism, Khaled Elzaafarany

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In the United States, many patients pass away due to delayed detection of Cerebral Vasospasm (CV). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is an efficient noninvasive, reliable device that can monitor the blood flow in various parts of the human brain like middle cerebral artery and basilar artery without any surgical intervention. It can help neurologists to diagnose many brain problems like edema, trauma, hemorrhage, and aneurysm. Unfortunately, continuous or even daily TCD monitoring is challenging due to the operator expertise and certification required in the form of a trained technologist, and certified physician to perform these studies. This barrier exists due to …

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Endodontic Post Retention With Resin Cements (Ilumi Fiber Post), Faimeena Farheen Jan 2018

Endodontic Post Retention With Resin Cements (Ilumi Fiber Post), Faimeena Farheen

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Objectives: Loss of post retention is the leading cause in the cemented post. There is no good method of bonding a fiber post in a post space with resin cements because adhesive cementation into a prepared post space is difficult- due to an inability to place, dry and light cure the adhesive and the cement. A new post system (iLumi) that transmits light to the apex of the post has recently been developed. We want to know if this system will improve post retention in each section (coronal, middle and apical) of the prepared post space and if this curing …

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Membrane Capacitance Derived From Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Is Associated With Insulin Resistance In Relatively Healthy U.S. Women, But Not Men, Valene Garr Barry Jan 2018

Membrane Capacitance Derived From Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Is Associated With Insulin Resistance In Relatively Healthy U.S. Women, But Not Men, Valene Garr Barry

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Current screening methods have failed to detect more than 50% of the 120 million U.S. adults with insulin resistance and/or metabolic syndrome, conditions that substantially increase one’s risk for cardiometabolic disease (CMD).1 Evidence exists that metabolic health is associated with cell membrane composition, which is reflected in the electrical properties of the body cell mass. The objective of this study was to determine whether bioimpedance spectroscopy can identify insulin resistance and/or metabolic syndrome by evaluating membrane capacitance (CM). We hypothesized that CM would be higher in individuals with insulin resistance and/or metabolic syndrome when compared to healthy individuals. This cross-sectional …

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Effects Of Medicaid Expansion On The Financial Performance Of Rural Hospitals, Keith Darryl Brady Jan 2018

Effects Of Medicaid Expansion On The Financial Performance Of Rural Hospitals, Keith Darryl Brady

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EFFECTS OF MEDICAID EXPANSION ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF RURAL HOSPITALS KEITH BRADY DOCTOR OF SCIENCE IN HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of Medicaid expansion on the financial performance of rural hospitals. The analysis compares Medicaid revenue, uncompensated care cost and operating margins between rural hospitals in states that expanded Medicaid and rural hospitals in states that did not expand Medicaid. Strategic Management Theory was used to develop a theoretical framework to address three primary hypotheses. Secondary data from the Medicare Cost Report (MCR), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality …

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