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Rhodopsin Trafficking And Retinal Function, Nicholas Joseph Reish Jan 2013

Rhodopsin Trafficking And Retinal Function, Nicholas Joseph Reish

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The health and maintenance of rod photoreceptors depends on the high-fidelity vectorial transport of rhodopsin from its site of synthesis in the inner segment to its final resting place in the outer segment disks. Multiple molecular interactions play a role in this process, including the interaction of the small GTPase rab11a with rhodopsin that was first described in vertebrates in amphibians. We found that the interaction of the small GTPase rab11a and rhodopsin is conserved in mammalian retina. This interaction is direct, is abrogated by human disease-causing truncation mutations in rhodopsin, and does not depend on the nucleotide binding status …

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A Bioinspired Multifunctional Nanomatrix For Cardiovascular Applications, Adinarayana Andukuri Jan 2013

A Bioinspired Multifunctional Nanomatrix For Cardiovascular Applications, Adinarayana Andukuri

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Bioinspired solutions for challenges faced by conventional therapies are rapidly emerging, especially as new and innovative improvements in medical devices are constantly being researched and developed. Stents are a common therapeutic device for cardiovascular diseases that have undergone incrementally developmental changes over the last two decades. However, there are concerns about in-stent restenosis with bare metal stents and incomplete endothelialization, late stent thrombosis, and late inflammatory responses with drug-eluting stents. New strategies for stents include the development of bioresorbable stents and the utilization of endothelial progenitor cell capture techniques. Despite the promise of recent developments aimed at overcoming the limitations …

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Implications Of Hatchling Sex Ratios And Survival In The Recovery Program For The Endangered Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle, Elizabeth Bevan Jan 2013

Implications Of Hatchling Sex Ratios And Survival In The Recovery Program For The Endangered Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle, Elizabeth Bevan

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The Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtle neared extinction during the mid-1980s, but due to intense conservation efforts its population is now gradually recovering. Hatchling sex ratios and natural predation on nests and hatchlings have been monitored at Rancho Nuevo, Mexico to optimize this species’ recovery. Sand and nest temperatures were evaluated for the 2009 - 2012 nesting seasons in the egg corrals and on the nesting beach. Temperatures were cool during the start of the nesting seasons (i.e. below pivotal temperature), and gradually rose and were at or above pivotal temperatures by mid–May. Temperatures remained warm for the remainder …

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Regulatory Mechanisms Of Pathogen-Mediated Cellular Stress Signaling In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Jon Lucas Boatwright Jan 2013

Regulatory Mechanisms Of Pathogen-Mediated Cellular Stress Signaling In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Jon Lucas Boatwright

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SA is a vital signaling molecule responsible for activation of plant defenses against various pathogen infections. Pathogen detection activates salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis which is paramount to local and systemic acquired resistance in addition to pathogenesis-related (PR) protein accumulation. Recently, NPR1, NPR3 and NPR4 were identified as SA binding proteins and signal transducers; however, conflicting results have been obtained concerning the nature of NPR1 as a SA receptor. These, and other, SA signaling pathways are often heavily influenced by phytohormone crosstalk, whether by inhibiting or potentiating effects. Pathogenic infection can additionally activate defense responses that require increased protein synthesis and …

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Effects Of Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda) And Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum) Intercropping Techniques On Intermittent Stream Macroinvertebrate Communities, Kelly L. Breland Jan 2013

Effects Of Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda) And Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum) Intercropping Techniques On Intermittent Stream Macroinvertebrate Communities, Kelly L. Breland

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Forestry management activities can influence hydrologic regimes of intermittent streams which can influence the macroinvertebrate community of these streams. To test the effects of various harvesting and intercropping techniques, five small watersheds (0.08-0.25 km2) in Greene County, AL have been monitored before and after various treatments. Modified rapid bioassesment protocols were used to sample each stream every two weeks prior to treatments and once a month following treatments. In an effort to capture the full seasonality of these intermittent streams, samples were collected for a full year following the first sampling date. Macroinvertebrate community data has been analyzed using multimetric …

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A Collaborative Social Computing Model For Transdisciplinary Problem Solving, Jerry Allen Higgs Jan 2013

A Collaborative Social Computing Model For Transdisciplinary Problem Solving, Jerry Allen Higgs

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The capacity to address and solve today's complex problems is becoming exceedingly more difficult because of the transdisciplinary nature of our current system of knowledge. Innovative solutions are no longer the by-products of centralized offices and laboratories. In fact, crafting solutions for truly complex problems requires a collaborative sharing of knowledge that transcends the artificial boundaries of departmentalized offices and research facilities. For decades, segmented information systems built on distributed platforms have kept transdisciplinary problem solving fragmented, without the ability to effectively share knowledge or data. This segmentation has stifled the progress of research reaching beyond the traditional boundaries of …

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Estimation And Forecasting Of Air Handling Condensate Recovery Using Multiple Regression Analysis And Time-Series Autoregressive Models, Atul Nandkumar Kajale Jan 2013

Estimation And Forecasting Of Air Handling Condensate Recovery Using Multiple Regression Analysis And Time-Series Autoregressive Models, Atul Nandkumar Kajale

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According to the U.S. Drought Monitor (University of Nebraska at Lincoln, 2011), the majority of the Southeastern states are classified as being in a state of moderate, severe, extreme, and or exceptional drought. The northern part of Alabama including Jefferson County falls into the "abnormal" drought category. Due to the prevailing drought conditions in the Southeastern U.S. in the recent past, it is necessary to conserve water resources by using them as efficiently and responsibly as possible. The increasing population, socioeconomic developments, and industrialization could have significant impacts on the way we consume water today. There will be an imbalance …

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Investigation Of Nanodiamonds With Si-V Defect Centers For Applications In Fluorescence-Based Sensing And Drug Delivery, Sonal Singh Jan 2013

Investigation Of Nanodiamonds With Si-V Defect Centers For Applications In Fluorescence-Based Sensing And Drug Delivery, Sonal Singh

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Fluorescent Nanodiamond (FND) offers a promising platform for many therapeutic applications involving drug and gene delivery, optical agents for bioimaging and labeling, and molecular detection. This is due to the potential to incorporate photostable luminescent vacancy-related defects into sub-10 nm diamond crystals which are biologically compatible and easy to functionalize. Moreover, the development of future nanoscale devices and arrays based on nanodiamonds (NDs) will require precise spatial control. Hence, the direct placement and manipulation (control of size, shape and chemical functionality) of brightly fluorescent sub-10 nm NDs offers potential for highly localized /specific imaging and sensing, while also providing the …

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The Phenotypic Expression Of Usp14 Deficiency Is Dependent Upon Genetic Background, Andrea Gail Marshall Jan 2013

The Phenotypic Expression Of Usp14 Deficiency Is Dependent Upon Genetic Background, Andrea Gail Marshall

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The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a critical role in regulating a diversity of cellular processes that are essential to neuronal function, such as synaptic transmission, axon guidance, and neurite outgrowth. Dysfunctions of the UPS are linked with many neurodegenerative disorders, including motor neuron diseases like spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although it is not known how UPS dysfunction contributes to disease pathology. The proteasome, an approximate 2.5 megadalton protein complex comprised of a 20S core particle and 19S regulatory particle, is the site of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in the cell. Recent studies have linked ubiquitin specific …

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In Vitro Prevascularization Of 3d Tissue Constructs, Lauren Marshall Jan 2013

In Vitro Prevascularization Of 3d Tissue Constructs, Lauren Marshall

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There is a need for more effective therapies to combat breast cancer. One reason for the inefficiency of therapeutics is that testing technologies currently employed in drug discovery and development are not reliable when transitioning drugs into human clinical trials. To supplement the currently used in vitro cell culture studies and in vivo animal studies, an in vitro three-dimensional breast tumor system has been suggested with integration of human cells, hydrogel biomaterials, 3D architecture, and endothelialized microchannels. Therefore, the objective of the thesis project, as an initial step in fabrication of the supplemental system for drug testing, is to fabricate …

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Cd5 Regulation Of T Helper Cell Differentiation And Cytokine Signaling, Donald J. Mcguire Jan 2013

Cd5 Regulation Of T Helper Cell Differentiation And Cytokine Signaling, Donald J. Mcguire

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CD5 is expressed on T and B1a cells and is an important regulator of cell survival and activation. Engagement of CD5 promotes cell survival through the activation of the serine threonine kinase CK2. Mice with genetic abrogation of CD5 binding to CK2 (CD5∆CK2bd) exhibited reduced severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis that was associated with increased activation induced cell death. In addition to inhibiting cell death, CD5 activation of CK2 significantly enhances Th17 differentiation. Loss of CD5-CK2 signaling reduces the generation of Th17 cells despite an unexpected increase in pSTAT3 levels. The mechanisms of CD5's enhancement of Th17 differentiation have not …

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Intrinsic And Extrinsic Factors Required For Cd4 T Memory Cell Formation And Function, Sarah B. Mollo Jan 2013

Intrinsic And Extrinsic Factors Required For Cd4 T Memory Cell Formation And Function, Sarah B. Mollo

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CD4 T cells are central to the organization of the immune response through the secretion of cytokines that recruit and activate other immune cells. Following infection and pathogen control, the majority of the effector CD4 T cells undergo apoptosis, leaving a subset that persists and gives rise to the memory T cell pool. Upon encountering the same pathogen, memory CD4 T cells respond rapidly, providing enhanced protection from re-infection. What determines which effector CD4 T cells will survive is unclear; however, there are a number of factors both intrinsic to the cell as well as external signals from the environment …

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Frequency Of Exercise Training's Effect On Psychological Outcomes In Older Women, William Neumeier Jan 2013

Frequency Of Exercise Training's Effect On Psychological Outcomes In Older Women, William Neumeier

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Objectives: Exercise training by older adults has demonstrated many health benefits, including improved cognition and psychological well-being. The optimal frequency of combined aerobic exercise training (AET) and resistance exercise training (RET) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine whether exercise improves body image, esteem, depression, and mood, among older women, and whether improvements differ by frequency of exercise. Methods: Post-menopausal women (N = 64) over the age of 60 (64.79 ± 3.74) were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 completed two exercise sessions (1 AET, 1 RET) per week, Group 2 completed four sessions …

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An Investigation Of The Sublethal Effects Of Carbon Dioxide On The Common Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus And The Carbonate Chemistry Of Its Nearshore Habitat, Roberta Challener Jan 2013

An Investigation Of The Sublethal Effects Of Carbon Dioxide On The Common Sea Urchin Lytechinus Variegatus And The Carbonate Chemistry Of Its Nearshore Habitat, Roberta Challener

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Increases in CO2 concentrations, whether from accumulation of metabolic waste under intensive culturing conditions or from increases in atmospheric levels, lead to decreases in seawater pH and carbonate saturation states. Lytechinus variegatus survive chronic exposure to hypercapnic conditions (pH 7.4 -7.8, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) 1738-4290 μatm) in synthetic seawater, yet aspects of growth and development are affected. Rates of embryonic and larval development were delayed and larval size and arm length reduced under high pCO2 conditions. Fecal production rates were higher and ash absorption efficiency (%) was lower in individuals exposed to hypercapnic conditions, suggesting that the ability …

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Identification Of Staphylococcus Aureus Sortase A Inhibitors As Potential Antibacterial Agents, Bala Chandra Chenna Jan 2013

Identification Of Staphylococcus Aureus Sortase A Inhibitors As Potential Antibacterial Agents, Bala Chandra Chenna

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the causative organism for a wide range of infectious diseases from superficial skin infections to dangerous bacteremias. Six pathogens named ESKAPE pathogens are responsible for majority of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections. MRSA is the single most prevalent ESKAPE pathogen. Many of the nosocomial MRSA strains are multi-drug resistant, and even methicillin-sensitive strains can be deadly. S. aureus has recently taken on a new role in causing an escalating number of community-acquired infections in non-hospitalized persons without predisposing risk factors. Due to the increase in the number of infections caused by multi-drug resistant S. aureus and …

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Structure-Function Analysis Of Tyrosyl-Dna Phosphodiesterase I, Evan Comeaux Jan 2013

Structure-Function Analysis Of Tyrosyl-Dna Phosphodiesterase I, Evan Comeaux

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Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp1) functions to remove 3'phospho-DNA adducts, such as eukaryotic DNA Topoisomerase I (Top1) covalently bound to the DNA by a 3'phospho-tyrosyl bond. As member of the Phospholipase D superfamily Tdp1 contains two HxK(n)N motifs, each of which provide a catalytic histidine: one functioning as a nucleophile to bind the 3'phosphate and the other as a general acid/base to hydrolyze Tdp1's 3'phospho-histidyl bond. Mutation of the general acid/base catalytic histidine (Hisgab) to arginine has been implicated in the autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease SCAN1. Further study of the yeast enzyme revealed that substitution of Hisgab in yeast Tdp1 to …

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Tgf-Ss And Erg In Intervertebral Disc Development, Megan Karen Cox Jan 2013

Tgf-Ss And Erg In Intervertebral Disc Development, Megan Karen Cox

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The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a fibrocartilaginous tissue that acts as a shock absorber between adjacent vertebrae in the spinal column. It is comprised of two parts, the inner jelly-like nucleus pulposus (NP) and the outer more fibrous annulus fibrosus (AF). Most IVD research has focused on the development of the NP, which is derived from condensations of the notochord involving sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. In contrast, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the specific development of the AF of the IVD. The AF is derived from the sclerotome, which is formed by the ventral half of …

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Utilizing A Hydroxyapatite-Binding Domain To Deliver Bone Regenerative Molecules To Hydroxyapatite And Allograft Bone To Enhance Osteogenesis, Bonnie Kathleen Culpepper Jan 2013

Utilizing A Hydroxyapatite-Binding Domain To Deliver Bone Regenerative Molecules To Hydroxyapatite And Allograft Bone To Enhance Osteogenesis, Bonnie Kathleen Culpepper

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) makes up the mineral component of bone, and synthetic HA is commonly used to coat metal implants for use in dentistry and orthopedics. Additionally, allograft and synthetic HA are common alternatives to autograft bone, to circumvent the complications associated with a second surgery site. While both HA and allograft are known to be osteoconductive, osteoinductivity is limited. In this work, we developed methods for anchoring osteoinductive factors onto multiple types of HA biomaterials and human allograft bone, with the goal of enhancing their osteoregenerative potential. Specifically, a HA-binding domain, heptaglutamate (E7), modeled on bone-binding domains within native proteins, …

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An Investigation Of Trem-Like Transcript 2 Expression, Kimberly Anne Thomas Jan 2013

An Investigation Of Trem-Like Transcript 2 Expression, Kimberly Anne Thomas

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Acute inflammation is a necessary component for the clearance of pathogens. Cells at the site of infection utilize highly conserved receptors to both recognize microbes and induce the production of pro-inflammatory stimuli. These stimuli set off a chain reaction that includes localized vasodilation, leukocyte infiltration, and tissue destruction, collectively known as inflammation. Tightly controlled, this process is protective, and can compartmentalize the damage to a defined area, but when dysregulated can be catastrophic, inducing chronic inflammation and even death. Families of innate receptors can modulate inflammatory processes, and in doing so, increase or decrease their severity, as well as tailor …

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Influence Of Implant Angulation On The Fracture Resistance Of Zirconia Abutments, Shreedevi Thulasidas Jan 2013

Influence Of Implant Angulation On The Fracture Resistance Of Zirconia Abutments, Shreedevi Thulasidas

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Zirconia-based implant abutments are widely used in prosthetic dentistry. Custom made abutments are utilized to correct for non-ideal implant positions and can successfully accommodate the morphologic requirements of the overlying crown. It was hypothesized that there will be difference in fracture strength and fracture mode of artificially aged zirconia implant abutments supported by implants at varying angulation, when load is applied to failure on overlying zirconia crowns. The implant-abutment-crown assemblies were subjected to steam autoclaving to induce some degree of phase transformation from tetragonal to weaker monoclinic form and to thermo-cycling to artificially age the samples. The effects of loading …

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Glioma-Vasculature Interactions, Stacey Watkins Jan 2013

Glioma-Vasculature Interactions, Stacey Watkins

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Malignant gliomas are highly invasive brain tumors, which lack effective treatment options. To date, the standard therapy includes surgical debulking followed by chemotherapy and radiation. Despite efforts to eradicate the disease, the median patient survival time is only 14 months. In an attempt to discover novel therapies, research has focused on understanding the heterogeneous biological mechanisms employed by these cells. Uniquely, they do not metastasize through the vasculature or lymphatics like other solid cancers but alternatively, glioma cells utilize the abluminal surface of the vasculature to guide invasion and migration throughout the brain. The intimate association between glioma cells and …

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Hur Regulation In Central Nervous System Disorders, Crystal G. Wheeler Jan 2013

Hur Regulation In Central Nervous System Disorders, Crystal G. Wheeler

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In inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes play a major role in the systemic response to disease by either enhancing or limiting the inflammatory response through secretion of growth factors or cytokines. HuR RNA binding protein regulates many genes involved in inflammation. Inflammatory diseases such as brain tumors, Amylotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), have been linked to HuR, by our laboratory and others. To determine whether astrocytic overexpression of HuR would regulate inflammation in diseases of the CNS, we designed a transgenic mouse in which the HuR gene is overexpressed. In the first study, …

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Visible Learning In A Reggio Emilia Inspired Kindergarten: Parents' Descriptions Of Documentation, Melissa Gibbons Whetstone Jan 2013

Visible Learning In A Reggio Emilia Inspired Kindergarten: Parents' Descriptions Of Documentation, Melissa Gibbons Whetstone

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The purpose of this qualitative study was to reveal multiple perspectives and thoughts of seven parents and a family member in a Reggio Emilia inspired kindergarten classroom in a southeastern state of the United States regarding pedagogical documentation, an essential tool for teaching practice and reflection. It served to make knowledge construction visible through children's interpretive concrete work. Throughout the study, pedagogical documentation was defined as both a learning process as well as the products of early childhood content. The content were concrete materials in the form of notes, photographs, audio and video recordings, computer graphics, and examples of children's …

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Neural Mechanisms Supporting The Learning-Related Emotional Response To A Threat, Kimberly H. Wood Jan 2013

Neural Mechanisms Supporting The Learning-Related Emotional Response To A Threat, Kimberly H. Wood

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Successful regulation of the emotional response to a threat allows one to react more effectively under threatening conditions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala are key brain regions that mediate the regulation and expression of emotion. We employed Pavlovian fear conditioning to investigate the neural mechanisms that influence the emotional response to a threat. These procedures were designed to investigate conditioned diminution of the unconditioned response (UCR). The specific aims were to better understand the role of associative learning, expectation, controllability, and predictability in modulating UCR expression. This project employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the magnitude of …

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Non-Random Snp Formation And Contextual Bias Within Murine And Hominid Genomes, Zackery Ezekiel Plyler Jan 2013

Non-Random Snp Formation And Contextual Bias Within Murine And Hominid Genomes, Zackery Ezekiel Plyler

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are traditionally seen as forming in a stochastic manner, with final distribution ascribed to processes such as purifying natural selection, genetic drift, shift, etc. The present study investigated contextual biases that underlie SNP patterns in 16 distinct murine strains, and tested relevance of these observations to human genomic DNA. We establish stereotypic nucleotide motifs that surround single base replacements in mammalian genes and propose a novel mechanism of SNP regulation. The findings contrast traditional notions in which SNPs occur `randomly' followed by purifying selection or are attributable to more `neutral' (unselected) formation. Instead, we propose that …

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Epigenetic Regulation Of Hippocampus-Dependent Learning, Laura Qadri Jan 2013

Epigenetic Regulation Of Hippocampus-Dependent Learning, Laura Qadri

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Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underlie learning and memory has advanced a great deal. Research into the role of epigenetics, or modifications above the genome, has the promise of providing an even greater understanding of the precise mechanisms involved in memory formation. Studies of epigenetic regulation of memory in the rodent hippocampus have primarily focused on associative learning using contextual fear conditioning. While these studies have provided valuable insight into the role that epigenetics plays in cognition, it remains to be seen whether the findings generalize to other forms of hippocampus-dependent learning. This work examines the role of epigenetic …

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Socioeconomic Predictors Of 30-Day Readmission Of Elderly Patients With Initial Discharge Destination Of Home Health Care, Dianne Marrie Richmond Jan 2013

Socioeconomic Predictors Of 30-Day Readmission Of Elderly Patients With Initial Discharge Destination Of Home Health Care, Dianne Marrie Richmond

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Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine the association of social determinants of health with 30-day rehospitalization among elderly patients who were discharged from an acute care hospital with an initial discharge destination of home with home health care support and to explore the social determinants' ability to accurately predict the odds of rehospitalization. Methods A secondary data analysis was performed on data obtained from the home healthcare agency. A total of 4,717 unique patients found in the data set. Some patients were represented in the data more than once during the observation period. To examine the relationship …

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Capturing The Semantics Of Evolving Software Ecosystem Architectures, David E. Robbins Jan 2013

Capturing The Semantics Of Evolving Software Ecosystem Architectures, David E. Robbins

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Current software modeling techniques emphasize the modeling of individual software systems using formal modeling tools, such as the Unified Modeling Language. With recent advances in the conceptualization of software ecosystems, the need for modeling techniques capable of describing the interaction between diverse software systems within the environment in which they are created and used has become apparent. This dissertation presents a semantic framework for the modeling of software ecosystems, including a concept-map based notation. Concretely, this modeling framework comprises a semantic web ontology with three classes and two properties. As validated by application to three app-centric software ecosystem case studies, …

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A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of African American Female School Leaders In Suburban School Districts, Armentress Denise Robinson Jan 2013

A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of African American Female School Leaders In Suburban School Districts, Armentress Denise Robinson

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Abstract The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and gain an in-depth understanding of the personal, professional, and sociocultural experiences of African American female school leaders in suburban school districts. These school districts were identified as suburban locations because of low to no student poverty, stellar performances on standardized tests, high graduation and college going rates, and champion academic and athletic team honors. This qualitative study employed a phenomenological design to allow the researcher the opportunity to investigate and gather data through open-ended, face-to-face, one hour interviews with study participants. Three theoretical frameworks--critical race theory, racial identity development …

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Studies Of Dna Gyrase Activity In Escherichia Coli And Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium., Nikolay Sergeyevich Rovinskiy Jan 2013

Studies Of Dna Gyrase Activity In Escherichia Coli And Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium., Nikolay Sergeyevich Rovinskiy

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Gyrase introduces negative supercoils into bacterial DNA. In balance with topoisomerase I, it contributes to the maintenance of constant negative DNA supercoiling. It was shown that in Escherichia coli negative supercoil density of pBR322 plasmid is higher than in Salmonella typhimurium. One of the possible explanations of this phenomenon is a difference of DNA gyrase activity between E. coli and S. typhimurium. We developed in vitro assay of gyrase activity which has shown that DNA gyrases of E. coli and S. typhimurium have the same supercoiling end point, but E. coli gyrase works slightly faster than the S. typhimurium enzyme. …

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