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Detection And Str Profiling Of Saliva Remaining In Water Bottles, Brittany Kriz Jan 2016

Detection And Str Profiling Of Saliva Remaining In Water Bottles, Brittany Kriz

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As instruments for detecting DNA have become more sensitive and reagents for amplifying DNA become more effective, forensic DNA analysts have obtained short tandem repeat (STR) profiles from evidence containing a small amount of DNA. Sources, such as dandruff, sweat, and saliva, which were once thought to be inadequate for STR profiling, can now be analyzed to effectively establish a profile. These low quantities of DNA can be recovered from liquid samples, such as saliva, or extracted and concentrated from large volumes of buffer, then amplified to give a DNA profile. This study focused on recovering saliva from drinking containers. …

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The Matricellular Protein Ccn1 Potentiates Fibrogenic Responses To Lung Injury, Ashish Kurundkar Jan 2016

The Matricellular Protein Ccn1 Potentiates Fibrogenic Responses To Lung Injury, Ashish Kurundkar

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Normal wound healing is a well-coordinated reparative response to injury aimed at restoring the normal tissue function. The dynamic interactions between cells and ex-tracellular matrix (ECM) regulate and dictate the fate of tissue repair process. Fibrosis is a dysregulated wound healing with excessive deposition of ECM and loss of tissue func-tion. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic disease of lung with no cure. Matricellular proteins are non-structural matrix proteins which regulates the cellular functions by directly binding to cell surface integrins and/or indirectly modulating growth factor signaling. Matricellular proteins are emerging as critical mediators of tissue injury …

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Sea Urchins Under Predicted Near-Future Ocean Conditions: The Effects Of Ocean Warming And Acidification On Physiology And Behavior, Cecilia Joy Brothers Jan 2016

Sea Urchins Under Predicted Near-Future Ocean Conditions: The Effects Of Ocean Warming And Acidification On Physiology And Behavior, Cecilia Joy Brothers

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Sea urchins (Class Echinoidea) play important economic and ecological roles in the marine ecosystems they inhabit. However, climate change is causing seawater temperatures to increase and pH and the saturation state of polymorphs of calcium calcite to decrease at unprecedented rates, and these changes may have serious implications for the fitness and survival of sea urchin populations. The purpose of the present dissertation was to determine the effects of ocean warming and acidification on the physiology and behavior of sea urchins. This research was conducted on three sea urchin taxa (Lytechinus variegatus, Heliocidaris erythrogramma, and Sterechinus spp.) representing species that …

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Elementary Photoreceptor Signaling In Human Vision, Kady Scarlett Bruce Jan 2016

Elementary Photoreceptor Signaling In Human Vision, Kady Scarlett Bruce

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To perceive a spot of light at photopic threshold, a minimum number of photons must be absorbed by cone photoreceptors. While many factors affecting psychophysical threshold have been studied, few have been examined at the single-cone level. Here we reveal how variation in synaptic weighting and signal integration among cones in the human retina occurs in vivo. Using an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) equipped with stimulation capabilities, we targeted cone-sized stimuli to single cones. Perceptual increment thresholds were measured from individual cones and cone pairs in 7 subjects using a Bayesian-based staircase method of threshold estimation. In 42 …

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Development And Evaluation Of Formulations For Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems, Carlos Arturo Carmona-Moran Jan 2016

Development And Evaluation Of Formulations For Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems, Carlos Arturo Carmona-Moran

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Delivering drugs through the skin reduces side effects and avoids first pass drug metabolism. This is especially advantageous for drugs with associated side effects due to oral administration such as the case of diclofenac sodium; a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for the treatment of symptomatic pain of joints due to osteoarthritis. However, transdermal delivery of diclofenac relies on the use of topical formulations that require constant application and are inconvenient for daily activities. These factors reduce patient compliance and diminish the efficacy of transdermal delivery of diclofenac. Improving transdermal delivery of diclofenac in joints or extremities requires developing novel …

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Expanding Pulmonary Rehabilitation Access With Technology, Erica Mccarron Anderson Jan 2016

Expanding Pulmonary Rehabilitation Access With Technology, Erica Mccarron Anderson

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ii EXPANDING PULMONARY REHABILITATION WITH TECHNOLOGY ERICA MCCARRON ANDERSON COMMUNITY HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES ABSTRACT Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. COPD is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by irreversible airway obstruction. Symptoms include fatigue, chronic cough, excess mucus production and shortness of breath. These symptoms often impair quality-of-life. There are many interventions aimed at improving health related qualityof- life for patients living with COPD. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary program exercise, education and psychosocial support. Pulmonary rehabilitation is well established to decrease symptoms in all stages of …

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Regulation Of Vibrio Cholerae Biofilm Formation By H-Ns Repression And Anti-Repression, Julio Cesar Ayala-Figueredo Jan 2016

Regulation Of Vibrio Cholerae Biofilm Formation By H-Ns Repression And Anti-Repression, Julio Cesar Ayala-Figueredo

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The diarrheal disease cholera is caused by the Gram-negative and motile bacterium Vibrio cholerae of serogroups O1 and O139. V. cholerae can switch between planktonic (motile) and sessile (biofilm) lifestyles. Biofilms are sessile communities encased in a self-produced extracellular matrix mainly composed of exopolysaccharide, proteins and extracellular DNA. Biofilm formation enhances the capacity of V. cholerae to persist in environmental waters and increases its infectivity. The bacterial second messenger cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) regulates the transition between motile and biofilm lifestyles in V. cholerae. At low cell density, two c-di-GMP receptors, the LuxR-type regulator VpsT and the NtrC-type regulator VpsR …

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Cleaning Protocol For Implant Abutment Screws, Rocio Barocio Torano Jan 2016

Cleaning Protocol For Implant Abutment Screws, Rocio Barocio Torano

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Aim: To develop a time and cost effective cleaning protocol for implant abutment screws that are used throughout the fabrication of an implant restoration in the dental laboratory. Materials and Methods: Ninety (90) implant abutment screws (Biohorizons PXAS®) were collected from different dental laboratories after abutment milling and restoration fabrication. Seventy five (75) of these screws were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=15). Each group was cleaned for 1, 5, and 10 minutes in an ultrasonic cleaner and all screws were observed under 40x magnification before and after cleaning. Any debris was collected and weighed by using paper filters. The …

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Evaluating Driving Performance Of Adolescents And Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders Around Social And Non-Social Hazards, Haley Johnson Bishop Jan 2016

Evaluating Driving Performance Of Adolescents And Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders Around Social And Non-Social Hazards, Haley Johnson Bishop

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The leading cause of death among adolescents is motor vehicle collisions, which may be due to a number of factors including inexperience and incomplete brain development. These risks may be even more prominent for young drivers with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) because of additional impairments in processing speed, social communication and emotional regulation. Despite elevated safety risks, little research has considered the impacts of ASD on driving. This study aimed to characterize driving performance and hazard perception of drivers with ASD, specifically various types of hazards (e.g., pedestrians or other cars). The study also aimed to investigate factors that predict …

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Ribosomal Protein L12 (Rpl12) As A Novel Target In Cystic Fibrosis, Kathryn E. Oliver Jan 2016

Ribosomal Protein L12 (Rpl12) As A Novel Target In Cystic Fibrosis, Kathryn E. Oliver

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Approximately 1,000 new cases of cystic fibrosis (CF) are diagnosed in the United States every year. The disease is caused by over 1,700 naturally occurring variants in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Defects in the CFTR coding sequence contribute to variable disease severity in the patient population. The majority of individuals born with CF harbor at least one specific mutation in CFTR termed F508del. Clinical manifestations of CF include severe damage of multiple exocrine tissues, including the lungs, intestine, pancreas, reproductive and other organ systems. An overarching goal of our work is to identify cellular targets that contribute to …

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Machine Learning Of Composite Concepts And The Alleviation Of The Content Completeness Problem In Text Mention Normalization, John David Osborne Jan 2016

Machine Learning Of Composite Concepts And The Alleviation Of The Content Completeness Problem In Text Mention Normalization, John David Osborne

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A critical area in the field of information extraction is the assignment of ontological categories (meaning) to fragments of natural language. These fragments are termed ``utterances'' when referring to a continuous fragment or ``mentions'' when the fragment may be discontinuous. In text, most approaches to ontological assignment use named entity recognition (NER) to first discover mention boundaries. This can then be followed by a concept recognition or normalization process to assign a more precise conceptual category to the NER discovered mention. Typically this semantic assignment is represented by only a single identifier from an ontology. If the provided semantic categories …

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Targeting The Tumor-Promoting Microenvironment With Inhibitors Of Pro-Hgf Activation, Benjamin Yaw Owusu Jan 2016

Targeting The Tumor-Promoting Microenvironment With Inhibitors Of Pro-Hgf Activation, Benjamin Yaw Owusu

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The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), commonly expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts, mediates signaling via its receptor, MET, and promotes survival, proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. In addition, HGF dependence has emerged as a hallmark of therapeutic resistance. HGF is secreted as an inactive precursor, pro-HGF, which requires proteolytic cleavage and processing to form the mature, active HGF. This is the rate-limiting step in the HGF/MET signaling pathway and it is achieved by one of the serine proteases, matriptase, hepsin and HGF activator (HGFA). At Southern Research, we …

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Joint Intervention In Opposing Pathways, Pi3k/Akt And Tgf-Beta, With Px-866 And Raloxifene, To Alter Gene Expression And Suppress Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation, Gregory William Peek Jan 2016

Joint Intervention In Opposing Pathways, Pi3k/Akt And Tgf-Beta, With Px-866 And Raloxifene, To Alter Gene Expression And Suppress Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation, Gregory William Peek

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For each regulatory pathway implementing environmental or internal messages, there is at least one additional pathway to relay a message to override or modify the original message, in the event of new or conflicting input. The opposing pathway may also be an instrument for negative feedback or redundancy as well as for transmission of additional encountered conditions or considerations. Because the multiple disease conditions based on aberrant cell cycle proliferation often require a level of correction independent of opposing feedback, selection of opposing pathways for complementary joint input is a practical approach to cancer and related proliferation-associated diseases. Accordingly, I …

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Regulation Of The Mitochondrial Thiol Network With Targeted Electrohpiles, Matthew Ryan Smith Jan 2016

Regulation Of The Mitochondrial Thiol Network With Targeted Electrohpiles, Matthew Ryan Smith

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Cells possess a remarkable plasticity to alter their metabolism and change their function based on stimuli within their resident microenvironment. The mitochondria within these cells utilize a variety of sources such as pyruvate, glutamine, or fatty acids in order to generate metabolites, amino acids, and reducing equivalents needed for cellular proliferation.Many mitochondrial enzymes possess contain a cysteine which possesses a thiol group, a unique redox-signaling moiety that can be activated under specific circumstances by bio-reactive compounds forming a network of mitochondrial proteins which are responsible for mitochondrial respiration. However, it is unknown whether targeting these reactive thiol groups present a …

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Factors Of Evidence-Based Coaching Practices Used By Pre-K Coaches In Alabama And How They Relate To Pre-K Children’S Scores In The Areas Of Social-Emotional, Physical, Language, Cognitive, Literacy, And Mathematics In A State Funded Pre-K: A Quantitative Study, Tracye Cutts Strichik Jan 2016

Factors Of Evidence-Based Coaching Practices Used By Pre-K Coaches In Alabama And How They Relate To Pre-K Children’S Scores In The Areas Of Social-Emotional, Physical, Language, Cognitive, Literacy, And Mathematics In A State Funded Pre-K: A Quantitative Study, Tracye Cutts Strichik

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The National Association for the Education of Young Children (2011), The National Staff Development Council (2012), and the report released by the U.S. Department of Education (2011), recommends individualizing professional development and emphasizing the application of knowledge to practice. To meet the challenges of educating learners from all levels, teachers need professional development that is ongoing and job embedded (Neuman & Wright, 2010; Ochshorn, 2011). A coach can be a valuable resource in leading this high-quality professional development. Coaching provides educators with authentic opportunities to learn from, and with, one another inside the classroom and improves the classroom experience for …

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Glycosyltransferases Involved In The Glycosylation Of Serine-Rich Glycoproteins From Streptococci, Fan Zhu Jan 2016

Glycosyltransferases Involved In The Glycosylation Of Serine-Rich Glycoproteins From Streptococci, Fan Zhu

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Serine - rich repeat glycoproteins (SRRPs) play important roles in mediating bac-terial attachment to a variety of host and microbial surfaces. They have been im-plicated in the development of tissue infections such as pneumonia, infective en-docarditis, meningitis and oral infectious diseases. Streptococcus parasanguinis, one of the commensal streptococci present in the oral cavity, utilizes its fimbriae to mediate the initial attachment to the tooth pellicle. Fap1 (Fimbriae-associated-protein 1), the first identified SRRP, is the subunit of the fimbriae which utilizes proteins encoded by an 11-gene cluster (gly-gtf3-dGT1-galT2 and secY2-gap1-gap2-gap3-secA2-gtf1-gtf2) to mediate its glycosylation and secretion. The key enzymes responsible for …

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Analysis Of The Ciliary Genes Gas8 And Mks6 Reveal Conserved Roles In Cilia Motility And Transition Zone Function, Wesley Robert Lewis Jan 2016

Analysis Of The Ciliary Genes Gas8 And Mks6 Reveal Conserved Roles In Cilia Motility And Transition Zone Function, Wesley Robert Lewis

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Cilia are microtubule based cellular appendages that are present throughout the hierarchy of the animal kingdom. These appendages are utilized for a wide array of functions such as motility in single celled organisms to coordinating complex cellular signaling pathways in more complex organisms. Though these appendages are well conserved, the exact function of cilia in many cell types remains unknown. Recently, cilia are tied to a myriad of developmental diseases and diseases of adult homeostasis collectively referred to as ciliopathies. Dysfunction in cilia results in a wide array of phenotypes ranging from retinal degeneration to polydactyly, cystic kidney disease, and …

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Structural Basis For Lipid-And Calmodulin-Mediated Akt Activation In Breast Cancer Cells, Constance Agamasu Jan 2016

Structural Basis For Lipid-And Calmodulin-Mediated Akt Activation In Breast Cancer Cells, Constance Agamasu

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Growth and survival signals initiated at the cell surface by receptor-ligand interactions often involve a downstream activation of Akt, a serine/threonine kinase critical in regulating cell survival, apoptosis and oncogenesis. Hyper-activation of Akt is a common tumorigenic event, thereby making the Akt activation pathway a prime target for cancer therapy. The translocation of Akt to the plasma membrane (PM) for phosphorylation is a critical step in the Akt activation pathway. It has been established that membrane binding of Akt is mediated by direct interactions between its pleckstrin homology domain (PHD) and membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3]. There is now emerging …

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Mechanisms Of Innate And Adaptive Immune Function In Parkinson Disease, Heather Elizabeth Allen Jan 2016

Mechanisms Of Innate And Adaptive Immune Function In Parkinson Disease, Heather Elizabeth Allen

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Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized pathologically by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) into large inclusions. The association of mutations and gene multiplications in SNCA, the gene encoding α-syn, with rare familial forms of PD led to the discovery that α-syn plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PD. The mechanism by which α-syn mediates its toxicity remains uncertain. A leading hypothesis states that the toxic effects of α-syn are mediated by activation of both the innate and adaptive immune systems within the central nervous system. Supporting …

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Stepwise Generation Of Retinal Progenitor Cells From Human Embryonic Stem Cells On Defined Matrix Coatings, Jessica Patterson Antipenko Jan 2016

Stepwise Generation Of Retinal Progenitor Cells From Human Embryonic Stem Cells On Defined Matrix Coatings, Jessica Patterson Antipenko

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Membrane proteins imperative for cell signal transduction, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical for drug discovery. Unfortunately, sufficient amounts of quantifiable protein cannot be produced using existing expression systems. Nature has an ideal solution—rhodopsin; the GPCR rhodopsin is efficiently and abundantly expressed in rod outer segments (ROS) of photoreceptor cells. As part of this study, human embryonic stem cells (hESC) were cultured on extracellular matrix (ECM) derived substrates and differentiated towards a photoreceptor lineage using conventional basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and novel NM23 growth factor methods. NM23 is the natural ligand of MUC1*, which is surface accessible on stem …

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Pattern Formation And Semilinear Evolution Equations In Function Spaces, Kwadwo Antwi-Fordjour Jan 2016

Pattern Formation And Semilinear Evolution Equations In Function Spaces, Kwadwo Antwi-Fordjour

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predictors, and find that under the test of group differences, MacKinnon and White’s HC2

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Low Power Oscillator Based Sensor Signal Monitoring System, A K M Arifuzzman Jan 2016

Low Power Oscillator Based Sensor Signal Monitoring System, A K M Arifuzzman

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With the advances in the integrated circuit technologies, various types of micro- and nano-sensors are increasingly being utilized in different fields such as medical monitoring, wireless health monitoring, structural health monitoring, where low power consumption, small dimensions, multi-signal sensing capabilities and wireless telemetry are required. Various types of bio-electrical signals are used in the medical sensor systems for diagnostics as well as therapeutic interventions. Usually, bio-signals have the common features of low frequency, and low amplitude level. In this work, a low current sensor signal monitoring system has been proposed and developed, which possesses several merits in terms of high …

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Targeting Voltage Gated Sodium Channels For Prevention Of Breast Cancer Metastasis, Shilpa Dutta Jan 2016

Targeting Voltage Gated Sodium Channels For Prevention Of Breast Cancer Metastasis, Shilpa Dutta

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Voltage gated sodium channels (VGSC) are a recently identified drug target involved in the breast cancer invasion mechanism. VGSCs participate in the acidification of the perimembrane, activating the cysteine proteases, cathepsin B and S, thereby triggering the proteolysis of the extracellular matrix and the basement membrane, thereby promoting cell invasion. Highly aggressive, invasive breast cancer cells dramatically overexpress one subtype of VGSC, nNav1.5. Described here are the design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of drug-like, small molecule blockers of nNav1.5 that are potential therapeutic agents for the prevention of breast cancer metastasis. Initially, five compounds were designed and synthesized based …

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Copper Chaperone In Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Formation And Dispersion Of Biofilms By Small Molecules, Sandra Stephanie Garcia Jan 2016

Copper Chaperone In Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Formation And Dispersion Of Biofilms By Small Molecules, Sandra Stephanie Garcia

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program pilot study randomly assigned 100 women, aged 19 to 25 to two groups. One

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Serum Vitamin D And C-Reactive Protein: Predictors Of Glucose Control In African-Americans With Type 2 Diabetes?, Mary Luree Garvin-Surpris Jan 2016

Serum Vitamin D And C-Reactive Protein: Predictors Of Glucose Control In African-Americans With Type 2 Diabetes?, Mary Luree Garvin-Surpris

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Introduction African-Americans experience more years of life lost as a result of complications from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than any other racial or ethnic group. Evidence suggests that serum 25(OH)D (serum vitamin D), generally low in African-Americans, may play a role in glucose control. In addition, elevated levels of chronic low-grade inflammation, measured by C-reactive protein (CRP), may also relate to glucose control. The purposes of this study were to determine whether serum 25(OH)D and CRP are independent predictors of glucose control in adult African-Americans with T2DM, after controlling for other factors associated with glucose control, and to examine …

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Neurobiological Consequences Of Perinatal Ssri Exposure, Matthew Edward Glover Jan 2016

Neurobiological Consequences Of Perinatal Ssri Exposure, Matthew Edward Glover

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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been a mainstay pharmacological treatment for women experiencing depression during pregnancy and postpartum for nearly three decades. Recently, though, growing evidence indicates that early-life SSRI exposure triggers long-lasting behavioral abnormalities. Clinically, children exposed to SSRIs in early life exhibit increased internalizing behavior, reduced social behavior, and increased risk for depression in adolescence. Similarly, in rodents, perinatal SSRI exposure leads to increased traits of anxiety- and depression-like behavior. Interestingly, certain individuals are more susceptible to early-life SSRI exposure than others, suggesting that perinatal SSRI exposure poses greater risks for negative outcome within certain populations; however, …

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The (Non)Tragic Passing Of Rena Walden: Black Female Agency In Charles Chesnutt's The House Behind The Cedars, Sarah Emily Goggans Jan 2016

The (Non)Tragic Passing Of Rena Walden: Black Female Agency In Charles Chesnutt's The House Behind The Cedars, Sarah Emily Goggans

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This project analyzes Charles W. Chesnutt’s The House Behind the Cedars in an attempt to accredit Chesnutt as a forerunner of Critical Race Theory (CRT). Secondly, this project argues that Rena gains agency solely through her black ancestry in her ability to read and write both cultural and written texts. I will also argue in that creating a metanarrative form for his novel, Chesnutt is able to provide a radically feminist text through his representation of the power of Rena’s literacy, and furthermore, that Chesnutt is able to critique the laws and customs of normative white society. Lastly, this project …

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Conceptualizations Of Health And Health Communication By Clergy In Jefferson County, Alabama: A Qualitative Exploration, Anthony David Campbell Jan 2016

Conceptualizations Of Health And Health Communication By Clergy In Jefferson County, Alabama: A Qualitative Exploration, Anthony David Campbell

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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine how clergy define health and how they communicate health messages to their congregations and communities. Clergy are influential figures who fulfill a variety of roles outside of their unique pastoral responsibilities, including serving as a source of health-related information and resources. Little is known about how clergy perceive the role of churches and their own role in health and health ministry. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 32 African American and white clergy members from a variety of religious denominations in Jefferson County, Alabama between January 2015 and February 2016. Data were …

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Parental Acculturation And Adolescent Depression, Serra Sevde Aydogan Jan 2016

Parental Acculturation And Adolescent Depression, Serra Sevde Aydogan

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This study investigates whether or not parental acculturation is associated with depression levels among youth in US-based immigrant families. Previous research has shown that even though individual acculturation is negatively correlated with adolescents’ good mental health, parental acculturation is associated with higher levels of mental health among youth. This study elaborates on these prior findings by using a large national sample of immigrant children ages 13-14 and considering the mediating role of social ties and social support. Data for the study are derived from the Children of Immigrant Longitudinal Study to examine the relationship between parental acculturation and youth depression. …

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Exploring Bacteriophage P22 As A Selective Molecular Scaffold And Molecular Sensor, Gregory Joseph Bedwell Jan 2016

Exploring Bacteriophage P22 As A Selective Molecular Scaffold And Molecular Sensor, Gregory Joseph Bedwell

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The virus capsids of many dsDNA bacteriophage are finely tuned macromolecular machines. Their functionality begins at assembly, when their capsids are built under the guidance of a class of proteins referred to as scaffolding proteins. The scaffolding protein of bacteriophage P22 is a flexible, highly elongated protein that binds to the interior surface of the P22 procapsid via its C-terminal domain. The finding that N-terminus is dispensable for procapsid binding prompted the development of chimeric scaffolding protein molecules, wherein N-terminal residues of scaffold are replaced with a variety of different peptide sequences or functional proteins that are then encapsidated within …

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