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Binary Logic: Race, Expertise, And The Persistence Of Uncertainty In American Sex Research, Beans Velocci Oct 2021

Binary Logic: Race, Expertise, And The Persistence Of Uncertainty In American Sex Research, Beans Velocci

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, American researchers tried to sort the living world by sex. Their efforts created more taxonomic problems than they solved, but as they encountered vast quantities of evidence that did not at all show an obvious or stable division between male and female bodies, they used sexual uncertainty to their professional and ideological advantage. This dissertation traces a network of scientists who built their own claims to expertise, as well as theories of racial hierarchy rooted in sexual difference, out of sexually unruly bodies. While much scholarship on the history of sex science describes the …

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Toward A Media-Technological Approach To Films: Meaning-Making, Objects, And Procedures, Ido Lewit Oct 2021

Toward A Media-Technological Approach To Films: Meaning-Making, Objects, And Procedures, Ido Lewit

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Film is a technological medium, and as one which is also mimetic, it often includes other technologies and media among its representations. The dissertation focuses on the intermedial encounter that occurs when film hosts other media and argues that the hosted media have the potential to inflect modes of expression and determine discourse and meaning in films that incorporate them.For the purpose of studying the intermedial encounter as a generator of discourse, the dissertation concentrates on the operation of technologies and media as they are remediated through the medium of the moving image. Within the intermedial encounter the specific operations …

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Ferroelectric Hf0.5zr0.5o2: ’Negative Capacitance’ And Wake-Up Effect, Zhan Liu Oct 2021

Ferroelectric Hf0.5zr0.5o2: ’Negative Capacitance’ And Wake-Up Effect, Zhan Liu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Ferroelectricity has been studied for more than a century since its discovery in 1920. The unique feature of two spontaneous polarization states making ferroelectric materials favorable for semiconductor memory and several ferroelectric materials have been commercialized, including Lead zirconate titanate (PZT), Strontium Bismuth Tantalate (SBT), and barium titanate (BTO). Commercial FeRAM memory has been used in low-power microcontrollers and other embedded applications. However, due to the scaling and process compatibility issues, ferroelectric memory never becomes a mainstream memory technology. In 2011, Hf-based ferroelectric materials are discovered. The promising scalability and CMOS-friendly fabrication process making Hf-based ferroelectrics a potential game-changer for …

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Characterizing Brain-Phenotype Relationships In Health And Disease, Abigail Sara Greene Oct 2021

Characterizing Brain-Phenotype Relationships In Health And Disease, Abigail Sara Greene

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Relating whole-brain activity patterns to human behaviors, traits, and clinical symptoms holds the promise of revealing the macroscale neural bases of these complex phenotypes. In this work, I advance predictive modeling approaches to characterize such brain-phenotype relationships. In the first empirical chapter, I demonstrate that in-scanner tasks amplify these relationships; models built from fMRI data acquired while participants performed various tasks better predict intelligence measures than do models built from resting-state fMRI data. In the second empirical chapter, I explore how tasks have this effect, using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) and predictive modeling analyses to show that spatially distributed, task-induced changes …

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Piwi-Mediated Control Of Tissue-Specific Transposons Is Essential For Somatic Cell Differentiation, Danyan Li Oct 2021

Piwi-Mediated Control Of Tissue-Specific Transposons Is Essential For Somatic Cell Differentiation, Danyan Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

All eukaryote genomes lie under the constant threat of transposon invasion. About 45% of the human genome is derived from transposon elements. Although the vast majority of these transposons are inactive, they still lead to a mutagenesis rate of around 1 new insertion per 20 births. Multiple mechanisms have been evolved to silence transposons, among them is the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway. piRNAs rely strictly on PIWI proteins for their biogenesis and function, which includes target RNA cleavage and chromatin state alterations. PIWI and piRNAs are most well known for their transposon repression function in the germline, where PIWI depletion …

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Making And Debating Empires In South Asia And The Global British Empire, 1756-1799, Tiraana Bains Oct 2021

Making And Debating Empires In South Asia And The Global British Empire, 1756-1799, Tiraana Bains

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Why did a strong centralizing British imperial state emerge in South Asia in the eighteenth century? The partial loss of the British Empire in North America, the ferment of partisan politics in Britain and the rise of powerful regional South Asian states during this period amply demonstrate that such a transformation was not inevitable. This dissertation argues that continuous and multi-sited contestation drove British imperial state-building in South Asia. The formation of a centralizing British imperial state in South Asia was not only violent and coercive but, akin to the concurrent emergence of the United States of America and revolutionary …

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Iron Archipelago: Environment And Industry In Early Modern And Modern Japan, Joanna Morgan Linzer Oct 2021

Iron Archipelago: Environment And Industry In Early Modern And Modern Japan, Joanna Morgan Linzer

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines Japan's homegrown iron industry during its heyday in the Tokugawa period (1603-1868) and as it persisted deep into the twentieth century, paying particular attention to its environmental consequences. Other societies have seen their metals industries grow and develop in times of war. During the long-lasting peace of the Tokugawa period, the inhabitants of the mountains of Chūgoku developed technologies of mining and smelting to produce increasing quantities of iron. This one region supplied most of the iron used across the archipelago for such fundamental purposes as farming implements, tools, and samurai swords. Chapter 1 explores how local …

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The Politics Of Play: Digital Youth, New Media, And Social Movement In Contemporary Vietnam, Tri Phuong Oct 2021

The Politics Of Play: Digital Youth, New Media, And Social Movement In Contemporary Vietnam, Tri Phuong

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Abstract The Politics of Play:Digital Youth, New Media, and Social Movement in Contemporary Vietnam Tri Mac Phuong 2021 This dissertation examines the role of media and the mediascape of contemporary Vietnam some 40 years after national reunification as provocation, palimpsest, and portent to a number of citizen-subject formations, sociopolitical negotiations, and cultural upheavals. In particular, I look at how the Internet and related digital technologies influence urban youth’s civic life, communal ties, and social imaginations, and how these so-called new media intersect and interact with older forms of media at particular conjunctures to produce new values, beliefs, habits, functions, and …

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Controlling Complex Light Propagation And Statistics, Nicholas Bender Oct 2021

Controlling Complex Light Propagation And Statistics, Nicholas Bender

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this dissertation, a methodology for experimentally creating and controlling random light in free space and in diffusive media is presented. In free space, we develop and demonstrate the ability to arbitrarily customize the intensity statistics and spatial-correlations of spatially-incoherent light. First, we present a general method for customizing the intensity statistics of speckle patterns on a target plane. Specifically, we show that by judiciously modulating the phase-front of a monochromatic laser beam, we can experimentally generate speckle patterns with arbitrarily-tailored intensity probability-density functions. Then, we experimentally demonstrate and theoretically develop a general method for creating fully-developed speckles with strong …

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Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Activation For The Synthesis, Elaboration, And Application Of N-Heterocyclic Compounds, Danielle Confair Oct 2021

Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Activation For The Synthesis, Elaboration, And Application Of N-Heterocyclic Compounds, Danielle Confair

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Nitrogen heterocycles are present in almost two-thirds of U.S. FDA approved pharmaceuticals, garnering interest in efficient ways to construct and functionalize these valuable scaffolds. The first two chapters of this dissertation will discuss the development of transition metal-catalyzed C–H activation methodology for the branched alkylation of benzimidazoles and the synthesis of [1,3,5]triazinones, respectively. The third chapter provides a review of N-heterocyclesynthesis from a 1,2-dihydropyridine intermediate, and the final chapter depicts the application of one of these methods in a new approach for small molecule ligand discovery via virtual library-guided synthesis. Chapter 1 describes a Rh(I)/bisphosphine/K3PO4 catalytic system allowing for the …

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The Biophysical Impacts Of Aerosols On Surface Climate, Tirthankar Chakraborty Oct 2021

The Biophysical Impacts Of Aerosols On Surface Climate, Tirthankar Chakraborty

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Aerosols, tiny suspended solid or liquid particles in the atmosphere, are important drivers of atmospheric processes. Aerosols affect the climate as well as local weather by modulating the Earth’s energy budget. Previous studies have quantified the impact of aerosols on global climate change, with a focus on the atmospheric radiation budget. However,aerosols have a disproportionately higher impact on the Earth’s surface, where we reside. This dissertation isolated this impact of aerosols on the surface climate to better understand the mechanisms that modulate the overall climate response to aerosol loading. This work developed a surface energy budget perspective to aerosol-climate interactions …

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Pictures As Mirrors For Shah Tahmasb: How Manuscript Paintings Shaped Court Culture In Early Modern Iran, Selin Unluonen Oct 2021

Pictures As Mirrors For Shah Tahmasb: How Manuscript Paintings Shaped Court Culture In Early Modern Iran, Selin Unluonen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation investigates how sixteenth-century manuscript paintings shaped courtly identity and behavior at a time of sweeping political change in Iran. During the first half of the sixteenth century, rulers of the new Safavid dynasty in Iran commissioned richly illustrated manuscripts. Turning to a corpus of paintings from a royal copy of the medieval Persian epic Khamsa, this study examines these paintings in light of the numerous extratextual inscriptions incorporated into the pictorial world (an unstudied body of evidence despite the book’s renown), and puts them in dialogue with autobiographical writings, court chronicles, diplomatic letters, and literary anthologies from the …

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Organized Dynamics Of Neonatal Visual Structures In The Absence Of Retinal Input, Maria Sol Bernardez Sarria Oct 2021

Organized Dynamics Of Neonatal Visual Structures In The Absence Of Retinal Input, Maria Sol Bernardez Sarria

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation features my Ph.D work, under the supervision of Dr. Michael Crair, on spontaneous brain dynamics in the neonatal visual system. Early in mammalian development, spontaneous correlated bursts of activity in the retina, called retinal waves, dominate the visual pathway. Because diverse features of visual circuits are present by eye-opening, a leading hypothesis states that retinal waves are key for the establishment of these circuits. Given the robustness of retinal input, and the immaturity of most cortical and long-range networks, the field has maintained a retina-centric perspective on the development of the visual system. However, whether non-retina-driven activity is …

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Conjuring People: Pasolini’S Specters And The Global South, Alessandro Brunazzo Oct 2021

Conjuring People: Pasolini’S Specters And The Global South, Alessandro Brunazzo

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Pier Paolo Pasolini’s encounter with the Global South is probably one of the most challenging and fascinating aspects of his long-standing legacy. It is not surprising that, along with studies focusing on the potentialities of his approach to the “Southern Question” as well as the decolonization process, scholars have also criticized his romanticizing and orientalist representations of Third World countries.However, only a small amount of work has been devoted to how filmmakers from the Global South have engaged with Pasolini. Analyzing the points of contact between the Italian director and Global South filmmakers can shed new light not only on …

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Yale University Faculty Handbook October 1, 2021, Yale University Office Of The Provost Oct 2021

Yale University Faculty Handbook October 1, 2021, Yale University Office Of The Provost

Faculty Handbooks

No abstract provided.

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Mutations In Α And Β Subunits Of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels In Neuropathic Pain: Functional Assessment In Rodent And Human Ipsc-Derived Sensory Neurons, Matthew Alsaloum Oct 2021

Mutations In Α And Β Subunits Of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels In Neuropathic Pain: Functional Assessment In Rodent And Human Ipsc-Derived Sensory Neurons, Matthew Alsaloum

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are key mediators of excitability in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, the primary afferents responsible for transmitting pain signals into the central nervous system. NaV channels are found as heterotrimeric complexes in humans, comprised of one pore-forming α-subunit and two non-ion conducting β-subunits. Gain-of-function mutations in NaV1.7, NaV1.8, and NaV1.9, the NaV channels preferentially expressed in the peripheral nervous system, confer hyperexcitability to DRG neurons and have been linked to the development of neuropathic pain. In this dissertation, I utilize dynamic clamp electrophysiology to precisely quantify the contribution of NaV1.8 and NaV1.9 to neuronal excitability. Furthermore, …

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Fabrication Of Nanoporous Polymer Films From Self-Assembling Liquid Crystalline Mesogens, Omar Q. Imran Oct 2021

Fabrication Of Nanoporous Polymer Films From Self-Assembling Liquid Crystalline Mesogens, Omar Q. Imran

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Self-assembled liquid crystalline mesophases are attractive material platforms for various current and emerging applications. These materials provide nearly mono-disperse, periodic geometric features such as cylinders, lamellae and spheres of sizes as small as 1-2 nanometers. The preparation of thin films of such nanostructures is a critical step in a diverse array of applications ranging from photonics to separation science. In particular, advances in thin-film fabrication methods are sought to harness the emerging potential of self-assembled liquid-crystalline materials as next-generation membranes. In the first part of this work, we show that nanometer-scale control over the thickness of self-assembled mesophases can be …

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Homogeneous Organic Electron Donors In Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Reactions, David John Charboneau Oct 2021

Homogeneous Organic Electron Donors In Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Reactions, David John Charboneau

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This thesis summarizes work towards understanding the mechanism of and improving upon nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions through the use of homogeneous organic reductants and understanding of the fundamental reactivity of nickel intermediates. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the utility of homogeneous organic electron donors in nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions. Chapter 2 provides a mechanistic investigation into the nickel-catalyzed carboxylation of aryl halides with carbon dioxide using a homogeneous organic electron donor. In Chapter 3, a general strategy for the cross-electrophile coupling of aryl and alkyl halides is explored. In Chapter 4, the reactivity of a nickel hydride complex supported …

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Physics Of The Electronic Structure And Collective Excitations In Transition Metal Compounds, Sangjae Lee Oct 2021

Physics Of The Electronic Structure And Collective Excitations In Transition Metal Compounds, Sangjae Lee

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In condensed matter systems, novel phenomena such as superconductivity and magnetism can emerge from an intricate interplay between the materials lattice, spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom. Understanding how the structural and electronic degrees of freedom are coupled in transition metal compounds is crucial not only from the viewpoint of fundamental condensed matter physics, but also to establish a potential groundwork for substantial technological advancement through the discovery of exotic phases. In this dissertation, I illustrate how the electronic structure and collective excitations can be manipulated by controlling the dimensionality and interfacial structure using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Specifically, …

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Thin Film Electronics And Optoelectronics Based On Layered And Traditional Materials, Cheng Li Oct 2021

Thin Film Electronics And Optoelectronics Based On Layered And Traditional Materials, Cheng Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Over the past few decades, transistors and integrate circuits experienced almost constant rapid development following Moore’s law, where the number of transistors in dense integrated circuits doubles in around every two years was predicted. The performance of integrated circuits has therefore experienced orders of magnitude of increase and shaped many aspects of our modern life. This rapid development is driven by the scaling of planar CMOS technology, which is also facing increasing challenges as the transistors size decreases. The classic Dennard scaling eventually ended at 130nm technology. Innovative transistor designs are introduced to enable further scaling of the transistors, by …

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Elucidating The Water-Oxidation Mechanism In Natural Photosynthesis, Hao-Li Huang Oct 2021

Elucidating The Water-Oxidation Mechanism In Natural Photosynthesis, Hao-Li Huang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Natural photosynthesis is the only existing system of solar fuel production on a global scale; therefore, it provides a blueprint for developing environmentally friendly alternative energies. Photosynthesis is initiated by the water-oxidation reaction catalyzed by the protein complex photosystem II (PSII), in which the catalytic center is the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Understanding the water-oxidation reaction is crucial for making advances on global solar fuel production because this reaction produces abundant reducing equivalents for fuel production. However, the mechanism of the water-oxidation reaction in PSII is still unclear, partly due to the absence of the S4 state structure and the challenges …

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The Barāhima’S Dilemma: Ibn Al-Rāwandī’S Kitāb Al-Zumurrud And The Epistemological Turn In The Debate On Prophecy, Elizabeth Grace Price Oct 2021

The Barāhima’S Dilemma: Ibn Al-Rāwandī’S Kitāb Al-Zumurrud And The Epistemological Turn In The Debate On Prophecy, Elizabeth Grace Price

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

After the turn of the 10th century, Muslim theologians began to cite a puzzling thought experiment in their discussions of prophecy, which took the form of the following two-horned dilemma: either a prophet conveys what is in accordance with reason, so they would be superfluous, or a prophet conveys what is contrary to reason, so they would be rejected. This thought experiment was cited on the authority of a group called the Barāhima. The Barāhima’s own solution to the conundrum was simple – they did not recognise a need for prophets or revealed scriptures, because humans could obtain knowledge of …

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Multiscale Regulation Of Lipid Metabolism By Cytokine Signaling In B Lymphocytes, Holly R. Steach Oct 2021

Multiscale Regulation Of Lipid Metabolism By Cytokine Signaling In B Lymphocytes, Holly R. Steach

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

At the onset of an immune response lymphocytes receive activating signals in the form of antigen receptor ligation, co-stimulation, and cytokines that drive cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. This activation involves a transition from quiescence and catabolic metabolism to a metabolic state with noted similarities to that of cancer cells such as heavy reliance on aerobic glycolysis for energy demands and increased nutrient requirements for biomass accumulation and division. Specific nutrient requirements may be met either by synthesis from metabolite precursors, or by uptake from the extracellular environment. However, much like the intratumoral environment, dense proliferation of cells in lymphatic …

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Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Pax6 And The Immune Response In The Developing Eye, Brian S. Thompson Oct 2021

Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Pax6 And The Immune Response In The Developing Eye, Brian S. Thompson

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Eye development and lens morphogenesis are complex processes that are carefully orchestrated by a multitude of factors including extracellular signals, local activators and signal-regulated DNA-binding transcription factors. Any perturbation to these factors can impair eye development and lens morphogenesis and result in a range of structural abnormalities of the lens (and other ocular structures) and a spectrum of human disease ranging from the complete absence of the eye (anophthalmia), reduced eye size (microphthalmia) or optic fissure closure defect (coloboma). Oxidative stress, an imbalance between oxidants (e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and antioxidants (e.g., glutathione) in favor of the oxidants, may …

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The Development And Study Of Enantioselective Peptide-Catalyzed Halogenation And Oxidation Reactions, Elizabeth A. Stone Oct 2021

The Development And Study Of Enantioselective Peptide-Catalyzed Halogenation And Oxidation Reactions, Elizabeth A. Stone

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Inspired by nature’s nonpareil catalysts, enzymes, our lab designs small peptides to catalyze selective transformations. This dissertation describes the catalytic prowess of peptides bearing β-dimethylaminoalanine (Dmaa) or aspartic acid (Asp) to mediate halogenation and oxidation reactions, respectively. The development of novel reactions goes hand in hand with understanding mechanistic nuances of known transformations. Herein, we focus on this synergy as we develop tools to better understand structure-activity relations and implications of reported peptide-catalyzed reactions and apply these lessons to uncover novel reactivity. In particular, we explore the ramifications of subtle structural changes to the substrate and catalyst motifs as well …

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Investigating Human Neutrophil Development And Functionality In A Humanized Mouse Model, Yunjiang Zheng Oct 2021

Investigating Human Neutrophil Development And Functionality In A Humanized Mouse Model, Yunjiang Zheng

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Mice with a functional human immune system serve as an invaluable tool to study the development and function of human immune system in vivo. A major technological limitation of all current humanized mouse models is the lack of mature and functional human neutrophils in circulation and tissues. To overcome this, we generated a humanized mouse model named MISTRGGR, in which the mouse granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was replaced with human G-CSF and the mouse G-CSF receptor gene was deleted (G-CSFR) in existing MISTRG mice. By targeting the GCSF cytokine-receptor axis, we dramatically improved the reconstitution of mature circulating and …

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Engineering The Genetic Code And The Ribosome To Expand The Chemical Palette Of Living Systems, Felix Radford Oct 2021

Engineering The Genetic Code And The Ribosome To Expand The Chemical Palette Of Living Systems, Felix Radford

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

There has been significant progress in the field of synthetic biology to develop modular tools with which to achieve greater ability to probe, manipulate and predict biological phenomena. Genetic code expansion aims to engineer genomes and the translation apparatus to enable site-specific incorporation of nonstandard amino acids (nsAAs) into proteins. However, the ability of living systems to incorporate multiple instances of nsAAs or even abiological monomers that are not L-α-amino acids into biopolymers is severely limited. Improved aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS) and tRNA pairs that are orthogonal to the native translation system, and new genomically recoded organisms (GROs) with open …

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This Country Is Exceedingly Fertile: Gender, African American Emigration, And Visions Of Rural Autonomy In Haiti, 1824-1880, Bianca Elan Dang Oct 2021

This Country Is Exceedingly Fertile: Gender, African American Emigration, And Visions Of Rural Autonomy In Haiti, 1824-1880, Bianca Elan Dang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation argues that African Americans' and Haitians' advocacy for labor autonomy, land claims, and mobility illuminate how gender politics shifted across the nineteenth century as emancipation unfolded throughout the Americas. It demonstrates how Haitians and African Americans developed a hemispheric, gendered understanding of collective and individual freedom as bound up with enduring access to land. Haitian-state sponsored emigration movements in the 1820s and 1860s offered African Americans both land grants and the possibility of escape from white supremacist violence and political marginalization. In the same period, rural Haitians developed their own claims to land by contesting the state's attempts …

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Essays In Law & Finance, Rahul Goravara Oct 2021

Essays In Law & Finance, Rahul Goravara

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation explores topics at the intersection of the law and finance literatures. The first chapter is an empirical study that examines theories of executive compensation. It leverages an exogenous shock and tests predictions regarding the resulting firm and executive level variation. The results offer context on board level compensation decisions as well as executives’ outside options on the labor market. The second chapter examines questions of corporate governance. It examines changes in the legal protections offered to corporate directors who disclose concerns regarding management. It compiles a new dataset based on filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission to …

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Quantitative Super-Resolution Microscopy, Andrew Barentine Oct 2021

Quantitative Super-Resolution Microscopy, Andrew Barentine

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The diffraction limit fundamentally restricts the achievable resolution of conventional microscopes, however it can be circumvented if only a subset of fluorophores within a given diffraction-limited volume are simultaneously emitting. Such super-resolution methods routinely achieve tens of nanometer resolution in whole (if not living) cells. However, being relatively young, these techniques still struggle with providing robust, quantitative, and statistically powerful data in a routine manner. Accurate quantification of subcellular features requires an estimate of the achieved spatial resolution, but traditional methods of measuring it do not cope well with these techniques. Effects subject to biological variability additionally require increased population …

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