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Essays On Intangible Properties Of Products And Consumer Evaluations, Minju Han Oct 2021

Essays On Intangible Properties Of Products And Consumer Evaluations, Minju Han

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

My dissertation focuses on how intangible properties of a product (e.g., authenticity) affect consumer utility and purchase decisions above and beyond a product’s tangible properties (e.g., functionality). This dissertation builds on previous research on conceptual consumption, which has established that consumers’ evaluations of a product are not only influenced by its physical properties but also by various psychological properties associated with the product. Specifically, two essays identify antecedents that lead consumers to value a product for its intangible properties.Each essay in my dissertation explores different market phenomena that cannot be accounted for by extant theories. The first essay explores a …

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Statistical Properties Of Nuclei: Beyond The Mean-Field Approximation, Paul Edward Fanto Oct 2021

Statistical Properties Of Nuclei: Beyond The Mean-Field Approximation, Paul Edward Fanto

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The statistical model of compound-nucleus reactions has important applications in fundamental nuclear science, nuclear astrophysics, and nuclear technology. This model relies on two theoretical areas: (i) statistical reaction theory, which describes the compound nucleus with the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE) of random-matrix theory; and (ii) statistical properties of nuclei, i.e., nuclear structure observables that determine statistical-model predictions of reaction rates. The GOE statistical theory predicts that the partial widths of compound-nucleus resonances follow the Porter-Thomas distribution (PTD) and that total $\gamma$-decay widths have a narrow distribution. However, recent experiments measured width distributions that were broader than statistical-model predictions. We study …

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Data Exploitation And Privacy Protection In The Era Of Data Sharing, Lihi Idan Oct 2021

Data Exploitation And Privacy Protection In The Era Of Data Sharing, Lihi Idan

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

As the amount, complexity, and value of data available in both private and public sectors has risen sharply, the competing goals of data privacy and data utility have challenged both organizations and individuals. This dissertation addresses both goals. First, we consider the task of {\it interorganizational data sharing}, in which data owners, data clients, and data subjects have different and sometimes competing privacy concerns. A key challenge in this type of scenario is that each organization uses its own set of proprietary, intraorganizational attributes to describe the shared data; such attributes cannot be shared with other organizations. Moreover, data-access policies …

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Tax The Rich: Teachers' Long Campaign To Fund Public Schools, Kelly Goodman Oct 2021

Tax The Rich: Teachers' Long Campaign To Fund Public Schools, Kelly Goodman

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Why did teachers’ long campaign to fund schools with progressive income taxes on the rich fall short? Labor-liberals hoped to equalize opportunity for students by shifting school taxes from local communities like Detroit and Los Angeles to the states. Businessmen and conservatives instead centralized cuts by changing how budget decisions are made, imposing constitutional limits to slow the growth rate of state government. Tax limits are distinct from tax cuts. Tax the Rich builds on the established literature about the grassroots politics of education, and moves in new directions by centering the agency of organized interests—teachers unions, business associations, and …

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New Roles For Small Noncoding Rnas In Germline Development: Maternal Piwi And Pirnas Specifically Protect The Fertility Of Female Progeny, Lauren Gonzalez Oct 2021

New Roles For Small Noncoding Rnas In Germline Development: Maternal Piwi And Pirnas Specifically Protect The Fertility Of Female Progeny, Lauren Gonzalez

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The long-term survival of a species depends on the integrity of its genetic material and the inheritance of that genetic material across generations. In sexually-reproducing organisms, these processes are carried out by the germline: the tissue that produces eggs in females or sperm in males. PIWI proteins and their associated small noncoding piRNAs have been well-characterized for their roles in protecting genome integrity in the germline and promoting the self-renewal of germline stem cells, which support the continual production of eggs or sperm. In Drosophila, maternally-expressed PIWI proteins and piRNAs are also enriched in the germ plasm, the posterior region …

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The Tidal Evolution Of Dark Matter Substructure And The Significance Of Halo-To-Halo Assembly History Variance, Sheridan Beckwith Green Oct 2021

The Tidal Evolution Of Dark Matter Substructure And The Significance Of Halo-To-Halo Assembly History Variance, Sheridan Beckwith Green

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Accurately predicting the abundance and structural evolution of dark matter subhaloes is crucial for understanding galaxy formation, large-scale structure, and constraining the nature of dark matter. Due to the nonlinear nature of subhalo evolution, cosmological N-body simulations remain its primary method of investigation. Subhaloes in such simulations have recently been shown to still be heavily impacted by artificial disruption, diminishing the information content (at small scales) of the simulations and all derivative semi-analytical models calibrated against them. A model of the evolved subhalo density structure: Our recent release of the DASH library of high-resolution, idealized N-body simulations of the tidal …

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Preschool Politics: Policy-Adaptive Political Preferences And The Crosscutting Feedback Effects Of Partway Funded Transformative Social Benefits, Sophie E. Jacobson Oct 2021

Preschool Politics: Policy-Adaptive Political Preferences And The Crosscutting Feedback Effects Of Partway Funded Transformative Social Benefits, Sophie E. Jacobson

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Flipping the expectation that public opinion drives democratic policymaking, I argue lived experience with current policy gives rise to citizens’ beliefs about appropriate roles for government. My original panel study leverages random allocation of limited Universal Public Preschool (“UPK”) seats in New York State for proper empirical tests of policy feedback theorized at the citizen-level. Building on prior work, I expect divergent experiences with the valuable and visible public preschool benefit to change parents’ childcare attitudes over time, systematically splitting preferences among citizens with similar and substantial stake in public preschool policy. Difference-in-differences analyses with complimentary natural and quasi-experimental samples …

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Rise Of The Modern Mediatrix: The Feminization Of Media And Mediating Labor, 1865-1945, Leana Hirschfeld-Kroen Oct 2021

Rise Of The Modern Mediatrix: The Feminization Of Media And Mediating Labor, 1865-1945, Leana Hirschfeld-Kroen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation uncovers a vast archive of fictional female telegraph, telephone, and typewriter girls, combining rigorous historical research with feminist, psychoanalytic readings of mass cultural texts to show how the global gendering of low-level communication work shaped modern media. It begins in the United States, where women first performed this work, and explores three further national contexts (France, Germany, and Britain) where female operators and typists circulated as media icons of techno-social connection in an increasingly atomized age. The title “modern mediatrix” describes the essential mediating role white-collar woman workers have played in modern media infrastructure, from switchboard to editing …

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Advancing The Underactuated Grasping Capabilities Of Single Actuator Prosthetic Hands, Michael Thomas Leddy Oct 2021

Advancing The Underactuated Grasping Capabilities Of Single Actuator Prosthetic Hands, Michael Thomas Leddy

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The last decade has seen significant advancements in upper limb prosthetics, specifically in the myoelectric control and powered prosthetic hand fields, leading to more active and social lifestyles for the upper limb amputee community. Notwithstanding the improvements in complexity and control of myoelectric prosthetic hands, grasping still remains one of the greatest challenges in robotics. Upper-limb amputees continue to prefer more antiquated body-powered or powered hook terminal devices that are favored for their control simplicity, lightweight and low cost; however, these devices are nominally unsightly and lack in grasp variety. The varying drawbacks of both complex myoelectric and simple body-powered …

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Risk Reduction Regarding Stigmatized And Marginalized Communities, Navin Kumar Oct 2021

Risk Reduction Regarding Stigmatized And Marginalized Communities, Navin Kumar

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

While there are several perspectives on marginalization, there are multiple marginalized individuals, social groups, and communities globally. This process of marginalization produces individuals, groups and communities which are refused complete privileges, rights, and power within the broader political and social framework. Social, cultural, biological, and economic factors can thus be used as yardsticks to marginalize individuals and communities. Marginalization can be based on gender, race and ethnicity, social class, and sexuality, among others. Clearly, marginalized communities face poorer health outcomes and these outcomes are sometimes linked to risky behaviors more prevalent in such demographics. Marginalization is associated with reduced health …

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Pipelined Asynchronous High Level Synthesis For General Programs, Rui Li Oct 2021

Pipelined Asynchronous High Level Synthesis For General Programs, Rui Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

High-level synthesis (HLS) translates algorithms from software programming language into hardware. We use the dataflow HLS methodology to translate programs into asynchronous circuits by implementing programs using asynchronous dataflow elements as hardware building blocks. We extend the prior work in dataflow synthesis in the following aspects:i) we propose Fluid to synthesize pipelined dataflow circuits for real-world programs with complex control flows, which are not supported in the previous work; ii) we propose PipeLink to permit pipelined access to shared resources in the dataflow circuit. Dataflow circuit results in distributed control and an implicitly pipelined implementation. However, resource sharing in the …

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The Social Consequences Of Close Votes: The Narrow Decriminalization Of Sex Work In New Zealand, Dana Hayward Oct 2021

The Social Consequences Of Close Votes: The Narrow Decriminalization Of Sex Work In New Zealand, Dana Hayward

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

New Zealand became the first country in the world to fully decriminalize sex work at the national level when it passed the Prostitution Reform Act (PRA) by a single vote in 2003. In this dissertation, I suggest that a close vote is a prism that illuminates the relationship between law and social change, both theoretically and methodologically. In a series of three articles, I explore the social and political consequences of New Zealand’s narrowly-passed sex work law, concentrating specifically on media representations of sex work, national repeal initiatives, and local bylaw-making processes. In the first empirical chapter, I focus on …

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The Wordline Effective Field Theory Of Spinning Gravitational Sources, Jingping Li Oct 2021

The Wordline Effective Field Theory Of Spinning Gravitational Sources, Jingping Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The advent of gravitational wave physics has raised great interest in efficient calculations of gravitational dynamics. In particular, the worldline effective field theory (EFT) has proven to be powerful for describing the dynamics of compact binary inspirals. In this thesis, we report on progress in this method on including rotating gravitational sources. It has been shown that a connection exists between the radiative amplitudes from spinless classical sources in Yang-Mills theory and dilaton-gravity theory, inspired by the double copy construction in the scattering amplitude community. We generalize this result to spinning sources and find that an additional axion channel is …

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Improving The Cosmic Statistics Of Neutral Hydrogen, Naim Goksel Karacayli Oct 2021

Improving The Cosmic Statistics Of Neutral Hydrogen, Naim Goksel Karacayli

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The study of the cosmological large-scale structure seeks to understand the makings and the evolution of the universe. In this subject, I worked on improving current techniques and their application to the existing large, high-precision cosmological data sets. Specifically, my dissertation explores boosting power spectrum measurements at large scales for 21-cm intensity maps through reconstruction, and at small scales for Ly α forest by developing and applying the optimal estimator to hundreds of high-resolution spectra.The cosmic tidal reconstruction is a novel technique for low redshift (z < 2) 21-cm intensity mapping surveys (e.g. CHIME and HIRAX) that recovers the lost large-scale line-of-sight signal from local small-scale anisotropies formed by tidal interactions. My thesis shows this algorithm is robust against redshift space distortions and can recover the signal with approximately 70% efficiency for k < 0.1 h Mpc−1 using N-body simulations. If angular modes are also lost (known as the foreground wedge), the efficiency drops down to 30–50% range. I further introduce an analytical framework based on perturbation theory, which correctly predicts the shape of the reconstructed field’s 2D power spectrum and reveals that the reconstruction mostly utilizes angular modes with k > 0.3 h Mpc−1. Through absorption lines in quasar spectra, the Ly α forest technique …

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Transcompartmental Sodium Imaging In Brain Cancer, Muhammad Khan Oct 2021

Transcompartmental Sodium Imaging In Brain Cancer, Muhammad Khan

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancers are the second-leading cause of death in the United States, next to cardiovascular disease. Although treatments of some solid tumors with high mortality are showing promise, there is one exception: glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Even with advanced therapies, median survival rate for GBM patients is dismal because most are not diagnosed early enough. A hallmark of normal physiology is maintenance of large ion gradients across the cell membrane, mainly for sodium (Na + ) and potassium (K + ) ions. Under normal conditions, high and low Na + in extracellular (Na + ) …

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Practicality Of Quantum Random Access Memory, Connor Hann Oct 2021

Practicality Of Quantum Random Access Memory, Connor Hann

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Quantum computers are expected to revolutionize the world of computing, but major challenges remain to be addressed before this potential can be realized. One such challenge is the so-called data-input bottleneck: Even though quantum computers can quickly solve certain problems by rapidly analyzing large data sets, it can be difficult to load this data into a quantum computer in the first place. In order to quickly load large data sets into quantum states, a highly-specialized device called a Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) is required. Building a large-scale QRAM is a daunting engineering challenge, however, and concerns about QRAM’s practicality …

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Optimization Of Orthogonal Translation Systems Enhances Access To The Human Phosphoproteome, Jack Michael Moen Oct 2021

Optimization Of Orthogonal Translation Systems Enhances Access To The Human Phosphoproteome, Jack Michael Moen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that governs signaling cascades and protein-protein interactions. Orthogonal translation systems, in which an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNA pair have been repurposed for insertion of a non-standard amino acid, have been developed for co-translational insertion of phospho-amino acids. Here, we systematically developed variants of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine orthogonal translation systems to minimize cellular toxicity and maximize translational fidelity. We characterized novel tRNA constructs to enhance cellular fitness and change decoding functionality. Multiple genetic background strains were developed to enhance the incorporation of phospho-amino acids into recombinant proteins. Utilizing large-scale DNA synthesis, we were …

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The Roles Of Polyploidy, Climate, And Genetic Architecture In The Evolution Of Leaf Form In Viburnum (Adoxaceae), Morgan Kirstin Moeglein Oct 2021

The Roles Of Polyploidy, Climate, And Genetic Architecture In The Evolution Of Leaf Form In Viburnum (Adoxaceae), Morgan Kirstin Moeglein

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Plants exhibit extensive variation in leaf form, but the evolutionary drivers of this variation are not well understood. This dissertation leverages the wide diversity of leaf form and instances of leaf syndrome convergence in Viburnum to investigate trends in leaf trait evolution across the group. First, I explore how changes in chromosome number and genome size influence leaf characters of ecophysiological importance. It appears that even with extensive variation in chromosome number and genome size across Viburnum, nucleotypic changes largely do not constrain leaf traits related to ecophysiological function. I then look into a case of convergent evolution for leaf …

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On Neuroscience-Inspired Statistical And Computational Problems, Zifan Li Oct 2021

On Neuroscience-Inspired Statistical And Computational Problems, Zifan Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Recent years have witnessed a surge of problems lying at the intersection of statistics andneuroscience. In this thesis, we explore various statistical and computational problems that are inspired by neuroscience. This thesis consists of two main parts, each inspired by a different system in the brain. In the first part, we study problems related to the visual system. In Chapter 2, we investigate the problem of estimating the collision time of a looming object using a theoretical formulation based on statistical hypothesis testing. In Chapter 3, we build computational models for the compound eye of Drosophila, and analyze how the …

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Characterization Of Postoperative Recovery After Cardiac Surgery- Insights Into Predicting Individualized Recovery Pattern, Makoto Mori Oct 2021

Characterization Of Postoperative Recovery After Cardiac Surgery- Insights Into Predicting Individualized Recovery Pattern, Makoto Mori

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Understanding the patterns of postoperative recovery after cardiac surgery is important from several perspectives: to facilitate patient-centered treatment decision making, to inform health care policy targeted to improve postoperative recovery, and to guide patient care after cardiac surgery. Our works aimed to address the following: 1) to summarize existing approaches to measuring and reporting postoperative recovery after cardiac surgery, 2) to develop a framework to efficiently measure patient-reported outcome measures to understand longitudinal recovery process, and 3) to explore ways to summarize the longitudinal recovery data in an actionable way, and 4) to evaluate whether addition of patient information generated …

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Investigating The Effect Of Allostery On Downstream Biology Of The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Deepto Mozumdar Oct 2021

Investigating The Effect Of Allostery On Downstream Biology Of The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Deepto Mozumdar

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family of human proteins with a critical role in transducing diverse extracellular chemical information to initiate multiple cellular signaling cascade in the cell that are essential for normal cell development. Aberrant activation of this receptor via mutation or overexpression misregulates this flow of information and is implicated in a multiple human carcinoma. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which chemical information is encoded and decoded in EGFR is imperative both from a basic cell biology and therapeutic standpoint. In this thesis consisting of four chapters, …

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Investigation Of Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly And Nuclear Envelope Growth In C. Elegans Embryos, Michael Sean Mauro Oct 2021

Investigation Of Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly And Nuclear Envelope Growth In C. Elegans Embryos, Michael Sean Mauro

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The nucleus is the defining organelle of eukaryotic cells and compartmentalizes the genome from the rest of the cytoplasm. Compartmentalization is achieved by the nuclear envelope (NE), which is comprised of the inner and outer nuclear membranes. At fusion points are nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which facilitate the transport of macromolecules across the NE. In metazoan cells that undergo open mitosis, the NE and NPCs disassemble to allow for chromosome segregation. With the completion of mitosis, the process must be reversed, and a new nucleus is formed. How thousands of NPCs rapidly assemble to form a functional NE is not …

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Statistical Estimation And Inference Improvements For Exoplanet Discovery, Parker Hinckley Holzer Oct 2021

Statistical Estimation And Inference Improvements For Exoplanet Discovery, Parker Hinckley Holzer

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The radial velocity method has been widely used by astronomers since the 1990's for discovering extra-solar planets, often referred to as simply "exoplanets". This method involves estimating the radial velocity of a distant star over time using the stellar light, followed by modeling such radial velocity estimates as a function of time using Keplerian-orbital equations with parameters that describe the exoplanet. While a number of approaches exist for estimating the radial velocity from the stellar light, we introduce a new approach for this that uses Hermite-Gaussian functions to reduce the estimation to linear least-squares regression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this …

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Integrating Genomics With The Fossil Record To Explore The Evolutionary History Of Echinoidea, Nicolas Mongiardino Koch Oct 2021

Integrating Genomics With The Fossil Record To Explore The Evolutionary History Of Echinoidea, Nicolas Mongiardino Koch

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Echinoidea constitutes one of five major clades of living echinoderms, marine animals uniquely characterized by a pentaradial symmetry. Approximately 1,000 living and 10,000 extinct species have been described, including many commonly known as sea urchins, heart urchins and sand dollars. Today, echinoids are ubiquitous in benthic marine environments, where they strongly affect the functioning of biodiverse communities such as coral reefs and kelp forests. Given the quality of their fossil record, their remarkable morphological complexity and our thorough understanding of their development, echinoids provide unparalleled opportunities to explore evolutionary questions in deep-time, providing access to the developmental and morphological underpinnings …

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At The Intersection Of Temporal & Modal Interpretation, Josh Phillips Oct 2021

At The Intersection Of Temporal & Modal Interpretation, Josh Phillips

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This work is chiefly concerned with the semantics of linguistic categories including tense, modality and negation and the relationships between them. In particular, how do they interact in order to “displace” discourse and to talk about situations remote from the time & place where they're produced? What gets conventionally encoded in linguistic expressions (semantics)? And what's the role of discourse context and extralinguistic factors (pragmatics) in performing these operations? The current thesis contains three connected (but independent) components; each explores different sets of data in view of understanding particular types of displacement phenomena — that is, how, in a given …

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Machine Learning Based Variational Approaches For Problems In Solid-State Physics, Bradley Magnetta Oct 2021

Machine Learning Based Variational Approaches For Problems In Solid-State Physics, Bradley Magnetta

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this work we utilize principles from optimization and machine learning to solve variational problems in solid-state physics. First we extend the quantum variational method to include an additional objective function term that ensures ground state solutions will have localized character, obtaining the so called Wannier functions. Here the additional term relies on dictionary learning to extract localized Wannier features from a dataset of known Wannier functions. Our approach displays a systematically controllable energy-localization trade-off, has an objective function that allows for the use of fast numerical solvers, and is capable of being used in highly-efficient self-consistent algorithms. Next we …

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Improving Surveillance Of Emerging Rna Viruses, Mary E. Petrone Oct 2021

Improving Surveillance Of Emerging Rna Viruses, Mary E. Petrone

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Effective surveillance of emerging RNA viruses is essential for public health andepidemiological research. Without identifying incident infections in an actionable time frame, the prevention of future infections becomes nearly impossible. This was exemplified at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, during which time only a small fraction of infected individuals was detected through surveillance, and the virus promptly spread across the country. Similarly, parameterizing informative epidemiological models requires accurate data. In the absence of effective surveillance and/or a clear understanding of where gaps in the system exist, efforts to better understand the dynamics of circulating viruses …

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A Few Applications Of Seismic Waves: Anisotropy Tomography And All That, Puskar Mondal Oct 2021

A Few Applications Of Seismic Waves: Anisotropy Tomography And All That, Puskar Mondal

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Seismic anisotropy, the variation of seismic wave speed with direction, is an extremely important physical phenomena. When a certain type of seismic wave (shear wave) propagates in an anisotropic medium, the component polarized parallel to the fast direction (along which the speed is higher) begins to lead and the component polarized to the slow direction lags behind (analogous to the optical birefringence). This observation of seismic anisotropy may be used to infer several physical properties of the medium through which these waves are propagating. Fortunately, Earth's upper mantle shows significant seismic anisotropy due to preferred crystallographic orientation of the constituent …

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The Rheology Of Striated Muscles, Khoi Dac Nguyen Oct 2021

The Rheology Of Striated Muscles, Khoi Dac Nguyen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Striated muscles are actuators of animal bodies. They are responsible for several biomechanical functions critical to survival and these include powering the cardiovascular system and modulating the mechanical interactions the body has with its surroundings. Nearly two centuries of active research on muscle phenomena has led to detailed insights into its microscopic composition, but accurate predictive models of muscle at larger scales remain elusive. This thesis reports on efforts to accurately capture the mechanical properties of striated muscles based on current knowledge of actomyosin dynamics. Specifically, this thesis derives the rheology of striated muscles from the dynamics. Muscle rheology is …

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Pairwise Hydrodynamic Interactions Of Permeable Particles And Flow-Induced Structuring In Dilute Suspensions, Rodrigo Bento Reboucas Oct 2021

Pairwise Hydrodynamic Interactions Of Permeable Particles And Flow-Induced Structuring In Dilute Suspensions, Rodrigo Bento Reboucas

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The study of particle-level interactions in suspension flows enables a better understanding and control of systems where suspensions play a key role. Examples include the physiology of blood flow microcirculation, flow-induced segregation of polydisperse suspensions, particle aggregation in marine environments, and filtration processes, to name a few. In these systems, a detailed description of the hydrodynamic interactions between the particles and between the particles and fluid boundaries characterize the evolution of the suspension microstructure. Typically, the characteristic size of the particles is small compared to the imposed flow length scale, and hence low-Reynolds-number conditions usually apply. In the dilute regime, …

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