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Benchmark Canada Bonds, Bank Of Canada/Central Bank Of Canada/La Banque Du Canada Oct 2021

Benchmark Canada Bonds, Bank Of Canada/Central Bank Of Canada/La Banque Du Canada

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schedule listing benchmark GoC bonds


Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Sandra Braunstein, Sandra Braunstein, Mary Anne Chute Lynch Oct 2021

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Sandra Braunstein, Sandra Braunstein, Mary Anne Chute Lynch

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No abstract provided.


Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Veerathai Santiprabhob, Veerathai Santiprabhob, Maryann Haggerty, Rosalind Z. Wiggins Oct 2021

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Veerathai Santiprabhob, Veerathai Santiprabhob, Maryann Haggerty, Rosalind Z. Wiggins

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Suggested Citation Form: Santiprabhob, Veerathai, 2022. “Lessons Learned Interview by Maryann Haggerty and Rosalind Z. Wiggins, October 4, 2021.” Yale Program on Financial Stability Lessons Learned Oral History Project. Transcript. https://ypfs.som.yale.edu/library/ypfs-lesson-learned-oral-history-project-interview-veerathai-santiprabhob


Opinion | What Happens When The Last Jew Leaves Afghanistan, Dana Horn Oct 2021

Opinion | What Happens When The Last Jew Leaves Afghanistan, Dana Horn

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No abstract provided.


Nodal Modulator Is Required To Sustain Endoplasmic Reticulum Morphology¬, Catherine Amaya Oct 2021

Nodal Modulator Is Required To Sustain Endoplasmic Reticulum Morphology¬, Catherine Amaya

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Nodal modulator (NOMO) is a widely conserved type I transmembrane protein of unknown function, with three nearly identical orthologs specified in the human genome. We identified NOMO1 in a proteomics approach aimed at the identification of proteins that support the structural integrity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We have investigated the role of NOMO1 in relation to ER morphology. Overexpression of NOMO1 imposes sheet morphology on the ER. Extending NOMO1 correlatively increases the ER intermembrane distance, demonstrating the ability to regulate the ER lumen distance. Depletion of NOMO1 and its orthologs causes a collapse of ER morphology concomitant with the …


Tissue-Specific H2bub1 Is Required For Cardiomyocyte Development, Syndi Marissa Barish Oct 2021

Tissue-Specific H2bub1 Is Required For Cardiomyocyte Development, Syndi Marissa Barish

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Currently, the most common birth defect is congenital heart disease (CHD). Whole-exome sequencing of CHD patients identified variants affecting chromatin modifier genes, which contribute to 2.3% of CHD. De-novo mutations affecting the core complex (RNF20, RNF40 and UBE2B) required for the monoubiquitination of H2B on K120 (H2Bub1) are enriched in CHD patients. This complex has many cellular roles, such as stem cell differentiation, but no described role in cardiac morphogenesis. This body of work describes the role of H2Bub1 in heart development in vivo in mice and in vitro in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes. The patient variant …


A Quantum-Enhanced Search For Dark Matter Axions, Kelly Marie Backes Oct 2021

A Quantum-Enhanced Search For Dark Matter Axions, Kelly Marie Backes

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Almost a century after the dark matter problem was first posed, dark matter's expectedly minute experimental signature continues to elude direct detection and remains one of the most profound mysteries in fundamental physics. The QCD axion serves as a potential solution to the dark matter problem as well as an entirely unrelated problem in fundamental physics: the strong charge-parity (CP) problem of quantum chromodynamics. The detection of these dark matter axions is made difficult by their extremely feeble coupling to regular matter, specifically the photon. The axion-photon conversion power is dwarfed by quantum uncertainty, which manifests as a fundamental noise …


The Development Of Mathematical Methods For Tackling Problems In Non-Perturbative Quantum Field Theory, Cosmology, And Gravity, Daniel Berkowitz Oct 2021

The Development Of Mathematical Methods For Tackling Problems In Non-Perturbative Quantum Field Theory, Cosmology, And Gravity, Daniel Berkowitz

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

We have extended two recently developed theoretical methods, the Quantum Finite Elements (QFE) and the Euclidean-signature semi-classical method (ESSCM). The QFE is a technique for constructing lattice field theories (LFTs) on curved Riemannian manifolds. We extended the applicability of the QFE to formulating LFTs on certain three and four dimensional Riemannian manifolds such as $\mathbb{S}^{3}$ and $\mathbb{R} \cross \mathbb{S}^{3}$. This was done by first constructing a novel simplicial approximation to $\mathbb{S}^{3}$. Then, after correctly computing the weights of the links and vertices that make up this simplicial approximation, we defined a Laplacian on it, whose low lying spectrum was observed …


Cosmology And Astrophysics With Dark Matter And Gaseous Halos, Han S. Aung Oct 2021

Cosmology And Astrophysics With Dark Matter And Gaseous Halos, Han S. Aung

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Multi-wavelength astronomical surveys promise to provide unprecedented data ondark matter halos from galactic to cluster scales in the coming decade. One of the new frontiers lies in studies of intracluster medium (ICM) and circumgalactic medium (CGM) for cosmology and galaxy formation. In this work, we will combine cosmological and idealized simulations to study the non-linear growth of structures and the effects of small scale astrophysics in the realistic cosmological settings. Specifically, we will investigate the connection between the dark matter halos and the cosmic web structures, focusing on the outer boundaries of dark matter and gaseous halos around cluster-size dark …


Cognitive Mechanisms Supporting The Formation And Maintenance Of Social Judgments In Physical Aggression, Grace Marie Brennan Oct 2021

Cognitive Mechanisms Supporting The Formation And Maintenance Of Social Judgments In Physical Aggression, Grace Marie Brennan

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Physical aggression is a harmful yet ubiquitous form of human behavior. A large body of research has established that physical aggression is rooted in aberrations at the formation and maintenance stages of social cognition. At the formation stage, more physically aggressive individuals are more likely to interpret ambiguous social stimuli as threatening; at the maintenance stage, more physically aggressive individuals are more likely to “hold on” to interpretations of others as threatening. However, very little research has examined the cognitive mechanisms that contribute to these aberrations during online social decision-making. The three experimental studies that comprise this dissertation apply theory …


Unravelling The Intra-Cluster Medium With Numerical Simulations And Multi-Wavelength Observations, Urmila Chadayammuri Oct 2021

Unravelling The Intra-Cluster Medium With Numerical Simulations And Multi-Wavelength Observations, Urmila Chadayammuri

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Galaxy clusters are the largest coherent structures in the Universe today. With masses of over $10^{14}M_\odot$ and hundreds to thousands of member galaxies, they represent the highest-density peaks of the Universe, sitting at the intersection of large-scale filaments as nodes of the Cosmic Web. In a $\Lambda$CDM Universe, smaller structures collapse first, and form ever larger structures by merging with one another. The story of a galaxy cluster, then, is the story of the Universe - a story of the balance between gravitational collapse, Hubble expansion and, at later times, acceleration by dark energy. Most of a cluster's mass is …


The Role Of Post-Translational Modifications In The Fate Of Nascent Tail-Anchored Membrane Proteins, Jacob Andrew Culver Oct 2021

The Role Of Post-Translational Modifications In The Fate Of Nascent Tail-Anchored Membrane Proteins, Jacob Andrew Culver

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Membrane proteins contain hydrophobic transmembrane domains (TMDs) which reside in the nonpolar section of cellular membranes. The synthesis of the majority of membrane proteins in eukaryotes is routed through the co-translational insertion pathway. As they are translating nascent membrane proteins, ribosomes are delivered to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where the new membrane protein is co-translationally inserted directly into the membrane as it emerges from the ribosome exit tunnel. Thus, newly translated hydrophobic TMDs are never released into the aqueous cytosol. However, exceptions to the co-translational insertion route exist. Certain membrane proteins are released into the cytosol and must be captured …


Nitrogen Cycle Chemistry With Metal-Pincer Complexes Relevant To Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation, Gannon Patrick Connor Oct 2021

Nitrogen Cycle Chemistry With Metal-Pincer Complexes Relevant To Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation, Gannon Patrick Connor

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The large-scale industrial fixation of N2 to NH3 through the Haber-Bosch process has cemented itself as the primary means to provide N for fertilizer and commodity chemicals globally. However, our dependence on this process is unsustainable in the long term due to its reliance on fossil fuels to generate H2 and to provide the substantial energy input for the reaction, paired with high infrastructure requirements that necessitate centralized synthesis plants and sophisticated transportation networks. As an alternative, electrochemical fixation of N2, coupling water oxidation to provide proton (H+) and electron (e–) equivalents with the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) to achieve …


Determination And Application Of Hydrogen Transfer Thermochemistry: Studies Of Molecules, Nanoparticles, And Metallic Electrodes, Rishi Agarwal Oct 2021

Determination And Application Of Hydrogen Transfer Thermochemistry: Studies Of Molecules, Nanoparticles, And Metallic Electrodes, Rishi Agarwal

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

From the surface of a platinized electrode in a hydrogen fuel cell to the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II, the binding and transfer of hydrogen is central to many important chemical transformations in our world. The core thermochemical and kinetic concepts which connect these proton-coupled electron transfers across a continuum of compound sizes, including small molecules, nanoparticles, and bulk materials, are explored. In Chapter 1, an introduction to the thermochemical basis for this thesis is presented, along with the underlying connections it enables for studying hydrogen transfer across thermochemical and electrochemical reactions, as well as gas and solution phase reactivity.Methods …


Integrative Computational Methodologies On Single Cell Datasets, Wenxuan Deng Oct 2021

Integrative Computational Methodologies On Single Cell Datasets, Wenxuan Deng

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

High throughput single cell sequencing has seen exciting developments in recent years. With its high resolution characterization of genetics, genomics, proteomics, and epigenomics features, single cell data offer more insights on the underlying biological processes than those from bulk sequencing data. The most well developed single cell technologies are single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) on transcriptomics and flow cytometry on proteomics. Many multi-omics single cell sequencing platforms have also emerged recently, such as CITE-seq, which profiles both epitope and transcriptome simultaneously. But some well known limitations of single cell data, such as batch variations, shallow sequencing depth, and sparsity also present …


Eudaimonia In The Eudemian Ethics, Daniel Ferguson Oct 2021

Eudaimonia In The Eudemian Ethics, Daniel Ferguson

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this dissertation I defend an “Intellectualist” reading of the Eudemian Ethics (EE). According to this view, Aristotle identifies eudaimonia in the EE with the activity of “God’s contemplation,” subject to certain qualifications. In Chapter One I discuss Aristotle’s argument in EE I.8 that eudaimonia is the telos of the practicable goods. Next, in Chapter Two I analyze the Eudemian ergon argument. This argument is often thought to show that Aristotle holds an “inclusive” conception of eudaimonia, according to which eudaimonia is the combination of all forms of virtuous activity performed in a suitably long life. I argue that this …


Ligand Effects On (De)Hydrogenative Catalysis Using The Rpnr’P Pincer Scaffold, Julia Bryant Curley Oct 2021

Ligand Effects On (De)Hydrogenative Catalysis Using The Rpnr’P Pincer Scaffold, Julia Bryant Curley

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This thesis summarizes synthetic, catalytic, and mechanistic work towards improved understanding of steric and electronic ligand effects in systems supported by the frequently used RPNR’P (RPNR’P = R’N(CH2CH2PR2)2) pincer ligand. Chapter 1 provides an overview of previous work on the synthetic and catalytic effects of varying the substituents of the RPNR’P ligand or other ancillary ligands. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and catalytic activity of a series of novel iPrPNMeP iron isonitrile complexes to investigate the role of the π-acid ligand. In chapter 3, an active and productive additive-free formic acid dehydrogenation system is developed and optimized using an iron …


Three-Wave Mixing In Superconducting Circuits: Stabilizing Cats With Snails, Nicholas Frattini Oct 2021

Three-Wave Mixing In Superconducting Circuits: Stabilizing Cats With Snails, Nicholas Frattini

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Three-wave mixing, by which a photon splits into two correlated photons and vice versa, is a powerful quantum process with many applications in fundamental quantum mechanics experiments and quantum information processing. However, in superconducting circuits, the predominant form of nonlinearity provided by a Josephson junction is only of even order, and thus symmetry forbids three-wave mixing. This Kerr nonlinearity is useful in its own right for engineering quantum operations, but it is accompanied by unavoidable frequency shifts that become especially problematic as the number of interacting electromagnetic modes, and therefore frequency crowding, increases. How then can we endow superconducting devices …


Computational Principles Of Multiple-Task Learning In Humans And Artificial Neural Networks, Daniel Benjamin Ehrlich Oct 2021

Computational Principles Of Multiple-Task Learning In Humans And Artificial Neural Networks, Daniel Benjamin Ehrlich

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

While humans can learn to perform many specific and highly specialized behaviors,perhaps what is most unique about human cognitive capabilities is their capacity to generalize, to share information across contexts and adapt to the myriad problems that can arise in complex environments. While it is possible to imagine agents who learn to deal with each challenge they experience separately, humans instead integrate new situations into the framework of the tasks they have experienced in their life, allowing them to reuse insight and strategies across them. Yet the precise forms of shared representations across tasks, as well as computational principles for …


Mechanisms Of Pierce's Disease Resistance In Grapevine (Vitis Vinifera L.): From Xylem Structure To Whole Plant Function, Ana Clara Fanton Oct 2021

Mechanisms Of Pierce's Disease Resistance In Grapevine (Vitis Vinifera L.): From Xylem Structure To Whole Plant Function, Ana Clara Fanton

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a xylem-dwelling bacterium that causes Pierce’s disease (PD) in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), and disease in a range of other ecologically and economically important woody plants. To successfully colonize the xylem network, Xf cells accumulate on the vessel walls and form a biofilm. The biofilm contains cell wall-degrading enzymes, allowing the bacteria to breach the intervessel pit membranes. Thus, Xf can move from one vessel to another and colonize the xylem network. Degraded intervessel pit membranes and the production of tyloses in response to the presence of Xf likely contribute to significant declines in both hydraulic …


Ab Initio Insights Into Substrate Effects, Structural Identification, And Excitonic States In 2d Materials, Stephen Eltinge Oct 2021

Ab Initio Insights Into Substrate Effects, Structural Identification, And Excitonic States In 2d Materials, Stephen Eltinge

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The 21st century has seen enormous growth in the study of two-dimensional (2D) materials, beginning with the isolation of graphene but rapidly expanding to include a wide variety of other compounds. Due to their size, 2D materials have immediate appeal for applications in nanoscale electronics. At the same time, uniquely low-dimensional phenomena such as the quantum spin Hall effect, quantum confinement, and 2D superconductivity are of interest to basic physics researchers. This dissertation presents ab initio investigations of three 2D materials. First, we discuss the binding of stanene on various substrates. Stanene, the buckled monolayer form of tin, is predicted …


Mapping A Functional Cancer Genome Atlas, Ryan Dz-Wei Chow Oct 2021

Mapping A Functional Cancer Genome Atlas, Ryan Dz-Wei Chow

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Over the past decade, tremendous resources have been devoted to sequencing the genomes of patient cancers. But while the molecular portraits of cancer are now in higher resolution than ever before, it has remained challenging to derive clinically actionable insights from these data. A central issue is that tumor genome sequencing often can only tell us what mutations are present, not which ones are functionally important. Towards this end, I sought to build an improved toolkit for functional cancer genomics, with the overarching goal of creating experimental platforms that are practical, scalable, and flexible. In collaboration with several colleagues, I …


Relational Morality, Brian D. Earp Oct 2021

Relational Morality, Brian D. Earp

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Contemporary work in moral psychology has focused on judgments concerning interactions between strangers. However, it increasingly is recognized that much of human moral judgment takes place in the context of -- and is shaped by -- multiple more familiar social relationships, such as parent-child, teacher-student, close friends, long-term romantic partners, neighbors, teammates, and so on. In this dissertation, I show how such relationships are associated with distinctive patterns of socially prescribed cooperative functions (such as care, hierarchy, or mating), which can be used to predict out-of-sample moral judgments of both blame and praise regarding various actions in relational context. I …


The Organismal And Evolutionary Determinants Of Siphonophore Predation, Alejandro Damian Serrano Oct 2021

The Organismal And Evolutionary Determinants Of Siphonophore Predation, Alejandro Damian Serrano

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The open-ocean midwater is the largest habitat for animal life on Earth, and one of the most homogeneous environments in space and time. However, these waters harbor complex food webs involving predatory animals from manifold phyla, presenting unique adaptations to capturing the scarce prey resources. These conditions create a natural laboratory, with minimal abiotic disturbances, where interspecific interactions such as predation play a major role in shaping community dynamics and the evolution of form and function. Siphonophores play a central role in midwater food webs feeding across multiple trophic levels on different prey phyla (i.e. jellyfish, crustaceans, worms, fishes). Like …


Statistical Methods For Identifying Genetic Risk Factors Of Lung Diseases, Ming Chen Oct 2021

Statistical Methods For Identifying Genetic Risk Factors Of Lung Diseases, Ming Chen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Great efforts have been made to understand the mechanism of complex diseases. Besides studying environmental factors and lifestyles, it is imperative to find disease causal genes. With the development of sequencing technology and the rapid accumulation of diverse types of high-throughput biological data, a promising direction to identify disease genes is through data integration. Genes affect diseases through different biological activities. Integrating different biological data can improve the power of gene discovery and the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms. In recent years, a great number of omics databases have become available. Methods for multi-omics data integration have successfully improved the statistical …


Measurement Of The Reactor Antineutrino Spectrum Of U-235 By Prospect And Daya Bay, Jeremy Gaison Oct 2021

Measurement Of The Reactor Antineutrino Spectrum Of U-235 By Prospect And Daya Bay, Jeremy Gaison

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Since their experimental discovery over 60 years ago, neutrinos have proven to be a fascinating means of exploring the physical universe. Through a variety of both natural and man-made sources, physicists have discovered many unusual features about these par- ticles from their oscillation between their different flavor states to their particularly small mass. There are still many questions to answer regarding these fundamental particles, though. Among these questions is whether a possible fourth type of neutrino exists, a sterile neutrino, which could resolve a range of discrepancies between recent measure- ments and predictions at a variety of different energies and …


The Dna Mismatch Repair Pathway Affects Atr Activation Upon Temozolomide Treatment In Glioblastoma Multiforme, Sachita Ganesa Oct 2021

The Dna Mismatch Repair Pathway Affects Atr Activation Upon Temozolomide Treatment In Glioblastoma Multiforme, Sachita Ganesa

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In many solid tumors, methylation status of the O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter is a prognostic biomarker for treatment with the alkylator, temozolomide (TMZ). In the absence of promoter methylation, the MGMT enzyme removes O6-methylguanine (O6-meG) lesions. However, in the setting of MGMT-promoter methylation (MGMT-), the O6-meG lesion activates the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway which functions to remove the damage. Our group previously reported that MGMT- promoter methylation affects activation of the ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3 related protein (ATR) in response to TMZ treatment. Whether or not MMR proteins are involved in ATR activation in the context of MGMT-promoter methylation …


From Eyes To Minds: Perceiving Perception, And Attending To Attention, Clara Colombatto Oct 2021

From Eyes To Minds: Perceiving Perception, And Attending To Attention, Clara Colombatto

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The most important visual stimuli that we encounter in everyday life may be other people, and in particular their eyes. We constantly monitor (and follow) where others are looking, and hundreds of studies have stressed the importance of eyes as uniquely powerful visual stimuli. This dissertation argues otherwise: The eyes are special only insofar as they signal deeper properties about the minds behind them—namely the nature and direction of others’ attention and intentions. We empirically support this view in two ways: First, in studies of ‘minds without eyes’, we demonstrate how well-known gaze effects (such as prioritized processing of eye …


Expanding The Reliable Paleomagnetic Constraints On Configurations Of Pre-Pangean Supercontinents, Zheng Gong Oct 2021

Expanding The Reliable Paleomagnetic Constraints On Configurations Of Pre-Pangean Supercontinents, Zheng Gong

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Supercontinents embody perhaps the longest cyclic process on our planet, profoundly influencing the evolution of Earth’s biosphere, geosphere, and atmosphere on timescales of hundred-million years or more. Yet, the configurations of pre-Pangean supercontinents, Rodinia, Nuna, and/or Kenorland, as well as their transition processes remain the subjects of debate, hampering the understanding of the interactions between the global tectonics and Earth’s evolution in deep time. Compared to other approaches, paleomagnetism is the only quantitative method to reconstruct pre-Pangean supercontinents in an absolute paleogeographic framework. However, a recent summary of global paleomagnetic data of Precambrian age reveals two problems. First is that …


Algorithmic Advances For The Design And Analysis Of Randomized Experiments, Christopher Robert Harshaw Oct 2021

Algorithmic Advances For The Design And Analysis Of Randomized Experiments, Christopher Robert Harshaw

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Randomized experiments are the gold standard for investigating the causal effect of treatment on a population. In this dissertation, we present algorithmic advances for three different problems arising in the design and analysis of randomized experiments: covariate balancing, variance estimation, and bipartite experiments. In the first chapter, we describe an inherent trade-off between covariate balancing and robustness, which we formulate as a distributional discrepancy problem. In order to navigate this trade-off, we present the Gram–Schmidt Walk Design which is based on the recent discrepancy algorithm of Bansal, Dadush, Garg, and Lovett (2019). By tightening the algorithmic analysis, we derive bounds …