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Distribution Of Organic Matter In Marine Sediments And Its Availability To Further Decomposition, D. Q. Anderson

Journal of Marine Research

It has been shown, in previous contributions (1) from this Institution, that the organic matter of the marine bottom has a characteristic chemical composition, similar in many respects to the humus of field and garden soils. This organic matter is not inert but can undergo slow but gradual oxidation, a process shown (2) to be largely biological in nature. In shallower bottoms and closer to land, the organic matter was found to be oxidized more readily than that of deep seas. The non-nitrogenous constituents decomposed more readily than the nitrogenous substances, with the result that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the …

The Correlation Of Water Movements And Disperal Of Pelagic Larval Stages Of Certain Littoral Animals, Especially The Sand Crab, Emerita, Martin W. Johnson

Journal of Marine Research

The great role played by water currents in the dispersal of marine animals has long been recognized and put to use in the explanation of animal distribution both planktonic and benthic. Conversely the pelagic animals may in some instances be very useful as indicators of the source or nature of the water movements. Many years ago, Cleve (1900) recognized this fact in his investigations of passively floating life but failed to fully distinguish between geographic and biological groups (Gran 1902). evertheless the principle of his hypothesis is good as expressed by Cleve-Eulser (1928) in the following: "regular biological analysis of …

Volume 7. Article 2. Young Caranx In The Western North Atlantic., J. T. Nichols

Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection

No abstract provided.

Volume 6. Article 6. Further Observations On Penaeidae Of The Northern Gulf Of Mexico., Martin David Burkenroad

Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection

No abstract provided.

Variations Of Sea Level On The Pacific Coast Of The United States, Eugene C. Lafond

Journal of Marine Research

Seasonal Sea Level Variations.----The mean sea level during any period can be derived from the average of the hourly tide heights. These tide heights are obtained from records of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey permanent tide gauges, which are located in the principal harbors along the west coast, except the La Jolla gauge which is situated on the open coast.

Measurements Of The Transparency Of Sea-Water Off The Coast Of Southern California, R. T. Young Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

In a series of papers (7a, b, c, d, e) Pettersson has described the construction and use of a transparency meter and has given the results of transparency measurements at several stations in Swedish waters. Two of the main difficulties in determining the transparency of sea-water by measuring submarine daylight arise from fluctuations of the surface intensity and from the rapid decrease of intensity with depth. The transparency meter uses an artificial source of light, thus ensuring constant intensity. The present paper reports transparency measurements for 23 stations off the coast of Southern California.

Distribution Of Diatoms In Relation To The Character Of Water Masses And Currents Off Southern California In 1938, H. U. Sverdrup, W. E. Allen

Journal of Marine Research

In 1938 the" E.W. Scripps" made six cruises at intervals of two months, covering on each cruise the same area off the coast of southern California. The station plan is shown in Figure 37, but not all stations indicated in that figure could be occupied on each cruise owing to unfavorable weather conditions and the short time available for completion of the work. On all cruises observations of temperature, salinity, and oxygen were made between the surface and a depth of 600 meters....

Studies On The Physics And Chemistry Of Estuarine Waters In Chesapeake Bay, Curtis L. Newcombe, William A. Horne, Boland B. Shepard

Journal of Marine Research

Estuarine waters are understood to be those water masses which by virtue of their position are directly subject to the combined action of river and tidal currents. They may be considered to reflect certain dominant forces as well as progressive trends that determine their individualistic though changing hydrographic as well as biologic properties. The factors that lend individuality to these bodies may exhibit profound differences in different latitudes and yet, in certain fundamental respects, the waters possess important characteristics in common....

Lateral Mixing In The Deep Water Of The South Atlantic Ocean, H. U. Sverdrup

Journal of Marine Research

The deep-sea circulation of the Atlantic has recently been carefully analyzed by Wiist (1935) who, on the basis of the tongue-like distribution of temperature and salinity, has drawn conclusions as to the direction of flow at different depths. He considers that an exchange of deep :water between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Antarctic Ocean is maintained by a flow to the north along the bottom of Antarctic water and a flow to the south at lesser depths of North Atlantic deep water and Mediterranean water.

Periodic Changes In Spectral Scattering And Spectral Transmission Of Daylight In Tidal Water, Wilhelm Jorgenson, C. L. Utterback

Journal of Marine Research

Seasonal changes in the transmission of certain spectral bands of solar radiation in the inshore waters of the Pacific Northwest were reported by Williams and Utterback (1) for the year 1934 and by tterback and l\1iller (2) for the years 1935 and 1936….

Correlations In Aquatic Ecology With An Example Of Their Application To Problems Of Plankton Productivity, Gordon A. Riley

Journal of Marine Research

Much of the ecological work of the present time is concerned with the direct observation of natural variations in environment and biota, followed by an examination of the relationships between variables and speculation as to their meaning….

Plankton Studies. Ii. The Western North Atlantic, May-June, 1939, Gordon A. Riley

Journal of Marine Research

The results of the first paper of this series, a study of the plankton in a tropical shallow water region in the Gulf of Mexico, suggested the desirability of extending the observations to more typically oceanic areas in order to analyze productivity factors in relation to the depth of water and to attempt to estimate the relative productivity of northern and southern seas. Opportunity for such an investigation was obtained during a cruise of the "Atlantis" from the northern coast of Cuba to Woods Hole. Eighteen stations were established during the cruise, and measurements were made at each station of …

Transport And Convergence Of The North Atlantic Drift Current Computed From The Average January Pressure Distribution, Edward M. Brooks

Journal of Marine Research

According to Montgomery (1936, 1938), one of the important effects of the wind blowing over the sea surface is its production of positive and negative convergence in the drift current, which is essentially limited to a surface homogeneous layer usually less than 50 meters thick. This convergence results from the net transport of the drift current at right angles to the wind, the magnitude of the transport being such that the deflecting force acting on it exactly compensates the wind stress. Of course, this involves the assumption that the drift current has come to equilibrium with the wind. To avoid …

Bulletin Of Yale University The School Of Nursing 1939-1940, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 35, Number 30

December 1, 1939

Seventh Annual Report, Federal Home Loan Bank Board, United States: Federal Home Loan Bank Board (Fhlbb)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Volume 7. Article 1. Acoel And Polyclad Turbellaria From Bermuda And The Sargassum., Libbie H. Hyman

Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection

No abstract provided.

Volume 6. Article 7. Quantitative Observations On The Pelagic Sargassum Vegetation Of The Western North Atlantic. With Preliminary Discussion Of Morphology And Relationships., Albert Eide Parr

Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection

No abstract provided.

General Hospital Society Of Connecticut 1937 - 1938, General Hospital Society Of Connecticut

Yale New Haven Hospital Annual Reports

General Hospital Society of Connecticut and the New Haven Dispensary, 1937-1938. Year ending June 30, 1938.

Yale University School Of Nursing Alumni News 1938, Yale University School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Alumni Newsletters and Magazines

"The Alumnae Association is celebrating its twelfth anniversary...As we review the careers of our three hundred and twelve graduates we have a sense of pride in their achievements."

Please contact the Medical Historical Library if you need a higher resolution version.

On The Oxidation Of Organic Matter In Marine Sediments By Bacteria, Selman A. Waksman, Margaret Hotchkiss

Journal of Marine Research

The question as to whether the organic matter in the sea bottom is inert or is available as a nutrient for the bottom fauna and bottom-inhabiting bacteria is a problem of special interest in the cycle of life in the sea. A number of marine animals, making up the benthos or the bottom fauna, must depend upon this organic matter for their nutrition while the sea bottom also harbors an extensive bacterial population which require the energy to be derived from various nutrient elements for cell synthesis and respiration.

Tides And Tidal Currents In The Gulf Of Panama, Richard H. Fleming

Journal of Marine Research

The following discussion deals with two specific problems: first, the increase in the range of tide between t he en tra nce and the head of the Gulf of P anama; and second, the variations in the tidal current velocities between the entrance and the head of the Gulf. Both phenomena are shown to be related to the bottom topography....

Radium Content Of Some Inshore Bottom Samples In The Pacific Northwest, C. L. Utterback, L. A. Sanderman

Journal of Marine Research

The radium content of ordinary rock formations is quite well established and has been summarized by J efferys (3). However, a comparatively few radium determinations have been made on samples taken from the ocean bottom. Joly (4) has reported twelve radium determinations of surface samples collected from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Pettersson (5) has reported on determinations made on twenty-eight samples, most of them taken from the Atlantic Ocean, while Piggott (6) has reported on twenty-eight samples t aken largely from the Pacific Ocean. Evans (1) has reported on one sample taken from off the Coast of California.

Isopycnic Analysis Of Current Flow By Means Of Identifying Properties, Albert Eide Parr

Journal of Marine Research

With regard to the identifying properties by which, in the writer's opinion, the actual trajectories of ocean currents can be more confidently traced than by the dynamic topographic method (see preceding acticle, Parr 1938, a) nothing much needs to be said in the present article. To the extent that these properties do serve to identify water masses of the same derivation in the course of their movement and their gradual changes, and do differentiate these water masses from those of other origins, the validity of the conclusions to be drawn from a study of the distribution of these properties would …

On The Validity Of The Dynamic Topographic Method For The Determination Of Ocean Current Trajectories, Albert Eide Parr

Journal of Marine Research

In a previously published statement (P arr 1937, b) the writer has listed the main reasons why, in the present state-of our knowledge of the actual as distinct from the ideal dynamics of ocean currents, he feels inclined to take greater confidence in the evidence of the actual paths of flow obtained from a study of the identifying properties of the water masses, than in the conclusions reached by present efforts to deduce the trajectories of motion from hydrodynamic calculations and considerations. In this article a further elaboration and elucidation of these objections against the unrestricted use of dynamic methods …

On The Mutual Adjustment Of Pressure And Velocity Distributions In Certain Simple Current Systems, Ii, C. G. Rossby

Journal of Marine Research

In a previous report (Rossby, 1937) the author investigated certain changes in the mass distribution which accompany t he slow lateral diffusion of momentum in a straight parallel current in an unlimited ocean of constant depth. The principal results of this investigation may be st ated as follows:...

The Occurance And Distribution Of Nitrfying Bacteria In The Sea, Cornella L. Carey

Journal of Marine Research

Of all the phases in the cycle of nitrogen in the sea perhaps that of the oxidation of ammonia has received the most attention, and yet many questions related to this process are still unsettled. Evidences of nitrifying bacteria have been found in marine bottom materials, particularly in shallower waters, but their presence in the water and plankton of the ocean has not been established....

Plankton Studies I. A Preliminary Investigation Of The Plankton Of The Tortugas Region, Gordon A. Riley

Journal of Marine Research

This is the first of a series of papers dealing with the plankton of two regions----the T ortugas and Long Island Sound----which are both shallow water areas but are otherwise extremely diverse in their ecological characteristics….

Volume 6. Article 5. A Contribution To The Life Histories Of Atlantic Ocean Flyingfishes., C. M. Breder Jr.

Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection

No abstract provided.

Light Penetration In The Caribbean Sea And In The Gulf Of Mexico, George L. Clarke

Journal of Marine Research

The growing interest in the intensity of light beneath the surface of the ocean from both the physical and the biological points of view has resulted in further efforts to obtain reliable measurements under widely differing conditions and in a variety of locations. For the most part, however, these measurements have been made in northern waters and have been confined largely to coastal regions. There has resulted a paucity of precise observations in the tropical parts of the ocean. The work of Grein (1913-14) in the Mediterranean produced highly irregular results (cf. Atkins, 1932). Certain visual observations have been made …

A Bathythermograph, Athelstan F. Spilhaus

Journal of Marine Research

In the study of the homogeneous layer in the ocean, Rossby1 found it desirable to have an instrument which would provide a continuous record of temperature against pressure in the surface layers of the ocean. A preliminary instrument named an "oceanograph" was constructed and used during the summer of 1934. The manifold uses to which such an instrument could be put presaged a widespread employment of the apparatus. This, however, did not come about because of certain inherent difficulties in Rossby's design. The record was made on a large smoked foil, and thus entailed the attachment of multiplying linkages to …