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Potential Vorticity As A Conservative Property, V. P. Starr, M. Neiburger

Journal of Marine Research

The problem of tracing actual trajectories of air particles in the free atmosphere, and of water particles in the ocean, h~s been a~tacked for many years without a definitive solution. The mtroduct10n of the isentropic chart in meteorology a few years ago was a great forward step. Corresponding methods have also been applied to oceanography, and it is evident that any advancement made towards the solution of the problem of actual trajectories in either branch of the geophysical sciences must also contribute to its solution in the other field. In its general aspects the problem is therefore common to both …

Convection And Soaring Over The Open Sea, Alfred H. Woodcock

Journal of Marine Research

The transfer of momentum between the winds and the sea surface is a fundamental problem of oceanography. In the theoretical treatment of drift currents at sea and of the movements in the turbulent layer of air just above, no consideration seems to have been given to the possibility of a varying pattern of flow under unstable conditions. Recently Langmuir (1938) made measurements of "helical vortices set up by wind" in the surface waters of a lake. Lines of Sargassum weed, which are commonly seen on the central North Atlantic, were mentioned as an indication that similar vortices occur in the …

The Problem Of The Density Of Sea Water, Henry E. Wirth

Journal of Marine Research

The Density of Aqueous Solutions The density of a solution can be determined easily and is of interest not only for its own sake but also in the calculation of other physical quantities. Many investigators have therefore determined the density and concentration of aqueous solutions. Of the older works, those of Kohlrausch, Kohlrausch and Hallwachs, Baxter and Wallace, and Lamb and Lee are outstanding for their precision....

The Motion Of Atmospheric Disturbances On The Spherical Earth, B. Haurwitz

Journal of Marine Research

When the perturbations of the pressure distribution due to rapidly moving cyclones are eliminated by plotting charts of the mea1;1 distribution of the pressure for a number of days, centres of larger dimensions 13,nd of a more permanent character appear, as has been shown by the work carried out by Rossby and his collaborators (7). On winter maps of the northern hemisphere, as a rule at least five of these perturbations are found: the Icelandic and the Aleutian Lows, the Azores, Asiatic and Pacific Highs. They can hardly be considered as mere perturbations of the general circulation, but must rather …

A Statistical Study Of Variation In The Catch Of Plankton Nets, C. P. Winsor, G. L. Clarke Harvard University

Journal of Marine Research

Staternent of the Problern.----In a previous communication, Winsor and Walford (1936) analyzed the results of repeated vertical hauls of different types of plankton nets, making use of data available in the literature. They concluded that the observed results could be accounted for reasonably well on the assumptions that (a) the organisms were randomly distributed in the medium and (b) that the volume of medium effectively sampled varied from haul to haul. From this result it follows that as the total catch is increased (as by increasing the net size) the reliability of a population estimate is ultimately limited by variation …

A Detailed Study Of The Surface Layers Of The Ocean In The Neighborhood Of The Gulf Stream With The Aid Of Rapid Measuring Hydrographic Instruments, Athelstan F. Spilhaus

Journal of Marine Research

In an earlier communication in this Journal the writer reported on a Bathythermograph for obtaining continuous records of temperature against depth in the first 150 meters of the ocean (Spilhaus 1937). While further development of this preliminary instrument revealed it to be rather critical to vibration, the results obtained with it, some of which were reported in the paper cited above, were sufficient to indicate the desirability of further studies and development along these lines. Abrupt changes in the vertical temperature distribution with very small changes in horizontal distance together with extremely complex temperature structure in the vertical were observed …

The Effect Of Oxygen Tension On The Rate Of Oxidation Of Organic Matter In Sea Water By Bacteria, Claude E. Zobell

Journal of Marine Research

It is generally recognized that the oxygen consuming capacity of heterotrophic bacteria in water serves as a good criterion of the amount of respirable or oxidizable organic matter in the water. However, the fragmentary literature on the subject records contradictory observations on the effect of oxygen tension upon the rate of bacterial oxidations. For example, Pomeroy (1938) found the amount of oxygen consumed by diluted sewage containing from 0. 7 to 17 .5 cc. of oxygen per liter to be independent of the oxygen tension but Heukelekian (1936) noted the maximum consumption of oxygen in such sewage mixtures containing around …

The Determination Of The Alkalinity Of Sea Water, Thomas G. Thompson, Don H. Anderson

Journal of Marine Research

In a previous paper one of us (3) described a _ method for the determination of the alkalinity of sea water-then termed the buffer capacity of sea water. This method was very rapid, eliminated the need for a titration process, and was particularly advantageous when working under rigorous field conditions. However considerable difficulty was sometimes experienced in the preparation of color comparison standards from base-free sea water. The method was later improved by Mitchell and Rakestraw (2). The present paper deals with a modification of the original method. The glass electrode is used for the measurement of excess acid and …

Effect Of Delayed Titration On The Salinity Determination, E. F. Thompson

Journal of Marine Research

Wlist (1932) has discussed the effect of storage on the chlorinity of samples. He compared the results from samples examined almost immediately at sea with those titrated in the shore laboratory after a considerable period of time. He concludes that there is a definite tendency for the chlorinity to increase on storing. The effect was largest with sample bottles that had been previously titrated and, therefore, no longer full; and least with full bottles on which the stoppers had been covered with paraffin wax. In the case of the incompletely full bottles the mean increase of chlorinity was 0.011 %0 …

Asterolecanium Variolosum Ratzeburg, A Gall-Forming Coccid, And Its Effect Upon The Host Trees, Thaddeus Parr

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Disturbance Of Forest Soil Resulting From The Uprooting Of Trees, Harold J. Lutz

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Investment Company Act Of 1940, United States: Securities And Exchange Commission (Sec)

Documents

No abstract provided.

The Motion Of Atmospheric Disturbances, B. Haurwitz

Journal of Marine Research

In a recent paper Rossby has discussed the effect of the latitudinal variation of the Coriolis force on the propagation of oceanic and atmospheric disturbances (2). He showed that the velocity c of a disturbance in an incompressible atmosphere on a plane earth when only the effect of the latitudinal variation of the Coriolis force is considered is given with sufficient accuracy by the formula...

Contribution To The Question Of The Equatorial Counter Current, R. B. Montgomery, E. Palmen

Journal of Marine Research

The question of the dynamics of the equatorial counter currents of the several oceans was scarcely brought nearer solution by the research of recent years. The attempt of Sverdrup (1932), which Defant (1935) has further pursued, to explain the counter current as a result of the asymmetry about the equator of the westward-flowing north and south equatorial currents, does not suffice. This may be shown by the following short exposition.

The Great Bahama Bank. I. General Hydrographical And Chemical Features, C. L. Smith

Journal of Marine Research

The Bahama Islands are characterized by the presence of thousands of square miles of shallow sea (<5 fathoms) lying between the various islands. The most extensive of these are the Great Bahama, Little Bahama and Exuma Banks (cf. Fig. 44). A certain amount of discussion has arisen concerning these areas, both in relation to their geological formation and to chemical changes taking place in the water.

Bulletin Of Yale University The School Of Nursing 1940-1941, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 36, Number 24

December 15, 1940

Sec Investment Company Act, Part 270, United States: Securities And Exchange Commission (Sec)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Composition Of Sea Water, John Lyman, Richard H. Fleming

Journal of Marine Research

The principle of constant ratios between the salts in ocean water unaffected by land drainage was laid down by Forchhammer in 1864, and firmly established by Dittmar (1884) . Dittmar's examination of 77 samples, collected from all the oceans of the world by H .M.S. Challenger in 1873-76, was so comprehensive, and his results so consistent, that some of his values are used to this day.

General Hospital Society Of Connecticut 1938 - 1939, General Hospital Society Of Connecticut

Yale New Haven Hospital Annual Reports

For the year 1939, presented at the Annual Meeting, June 30, 1939.

Alumnae News, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Alumni Newsletters and Magazines

No abstract provided.

Seven-Year Report To The President And The Congress Of The United States, February 2, 1932 To February 2, 1939, Jesse H. Jones

Documents

No abstract provided.

Tables Of Sigma-T, Richard H. Fleming

Journal of Marine Research

It is frequently necessary to plot a1 curves (equal density at zero pressure) as functions of the temperature and salinity. In such cases it is desirable to know the values of temperature and salinity corresponding to even intervals in density….

Notes On The Determination Of Dissolved Oxygen In Sea Water, Thomas G. Thompson, Rex J. Robinson

Journal of Marine Research

The oxygen dissolved in sea water is usually determined by the classical method of Winkler. Probably because of the large number of investigators who have used this method, there have developed various modifications in the method of collecting samples, in the standardization of the sodium thiosulfate solution, and in the titration of the samples. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss these various methods, the sources of possible error, and to present the best procedure for standardization of the sodium thiosulfate solution.

The Determination And Occurrence Of Aluminum In Sea Water, Helmut M. Haendler, Thomas G. Thompson

Journal of Marine Research

The presence of aluminum ions in sea water has long been an accepted fact, but there are few figures available on the concentrations in which the element exists and in particular under varying conditions….

Relation Between Variations In The Intensity Of The Zonal Circulation Of The Atmosphere And The Displacements Of The Permanent Centers Of Action Atmosphere And The Displacements Of The Permanent Centers Of Action, C. G. Rossby, H. C. Willett, Messrs. J. Holmboe, J. Namias, L. Page, R. Allen

Journal of Marine Research

This paper attempts to interpret, from a single point of view, several at first sight independent phenomena brought into focus through the synoptic investigations carried on at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the last few years….

Some Physical Factors Which May Influence The Productivity Of New England's Coastal Waters, C. O'D. Iselin

Journal of Marine Research

Of recent years physical oceanographers have gradually gained a more satisfactory understanding of the circulation problem. \Yhile it is true that most of this advance has resulted from studying the deep, oceanic currents, nevertheless, the newer principles also can be applied to the more difficult conditions found near the coast....

Consideration Of The Depth Of The Motionless Surface Near The Grand Banks Of New Foundland, Floyd M. Soule

Journal of Marine Research

In physical oceanography the admitted limitations of the Bjerknes circulation theorem sometimes are lost sight of and therefore the current trend of inquiring emphasis on these limitations is encouraging. The intelligent interpretation of dynamic calculations and the determination of absolute current directions and velocities therefrom, depend upon a knowledge of the location and shape of a motionless reference surface. In the past the arbitrary selection of isobaric surfaces for reference has been the resort to an approximation found useful in the absence of more definite knowledge regarding the true location and shape of such a motionless surface or surfaces. In …

Sea Level Departures Of The California Coast As Related To The Dynamics Of The Atmosphere Over The North Pacific Ocean, Woodrow C. Jacobs

Journal of Marine Research

Considerable attention is being directed at the present time toward fluctuations in sea level as related to the dynamics of the oceans and, to a lesser degree, the dynamics of the atmosphere. Most of the work along these lines, however, has been concerned with seasonal rather than nonperiodic variations. Nevertheless, an analysis of sea level data compiled over a period of many years at four California tidal stations indicates that non-periodic fluctuations of considerable magnitude also occur. Since these fluctuations are probably the direct or indirect result of variations in certain meteorological elements, it becomes of interest to investigate the …

A Discussion Oof Physical Factors Governing The Distribution Of Microorganisms In The Atmosphere, Woodrow C. Jacobs

Journal of Marine Research

The preceding paper by Rittenberg, together with the number of articles on the same subject which have appeared recently, indicate an ever increasing interest on the part of biologists in the atmosphere as a medium for the dispersal of bacteria, molds, spores and pollens. Meteorologists, on the other hand, are interested in the results of such biological investigation to the extent that they show certain mixing processes within the atmosphere and the movements of air masses. In view of the large quantity of data which has already been accumulated by the biologists, it becomes of considerable interest to consider some …

Investigations On The Microbiology Of Marine Air, Sydney C. Rittenberg

Journal of Marine Research

All the viable microorganisms in the air have been transferred to the atmosphere either from the land or the sea. A comparison of the micro-flora of marine air with that of normal sea water and of land areas should indicate the major source of organisms in the atmosphere over the ocean.