Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Yale University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 2221 - 2250 of 33842

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Essays On Macroeconomic Policy With Heterogeneous Agents, And Digital Assets, Antzelos Kyriazis Apr 2023

Essays On Macroeconomic Policy With Heterogeneous Agents, And Digital Assets, Antzelos Kyriazis

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation has three chapters. In the first chapter, I build a three-agent preferred-habitat NewKeynesian (PHANK) model. I show that the fiscal multiplier decreases in the presence of countercyclical QE policies after a fiscal expansion since countercyclical QE implies that the central bank sells government bonds, leading to higher expected returns on these bonds, which in turn incentivizes the bondholders to save more. However, since bondholders save more, they consume less, and as a result, consumption inequality between the savers and the non-savers falls, but wealth inequality increases. The qualitative results are similar in a medium-scale heterogeneous agents New Keynesian …

Go to article

Essays On Civil Procedure: Remedies, Federal Courts, And Marginalized Groups, Portia Pedro Apr 2023

Essays On Civil Procedure: Remedies, Federal Courts, And Marginalized Groups, Portia Pedro

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation is a series of essays on the processes that judges use to make procedural decisions and the ways in which judges use procedure to navigate the tensions between law and equity, standards and rules, finality and fairness, and states and marginalized groups. It explores the procedure of procedure—how procedure develops and what hinders or furthers procedural decisionmaking. Some of these essays describe the ways in which racial subordination and the subordination of other marginalized groups manifest in civil procedure, remedies, and federal courts. The dissertation challenges the dominant understanding of these three areas of law as neutral and …

Go to article

Essays In Public Economics, Jintaek Song Apr 2023

Essays In Public Economics, Jintaek Song

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation includes two chapters on public economics and health economics, centered around designing public policies when agents make behavioral mistakes. In the first chapter, I study the nono-fungibility of SNAP and its normative implications. The second chapter studeis the optimal design of the health insurance when when the insurers can use bureaucratic cost as a policy instrument.The first chapter studies the non-fungibility of SNAP and its normative implications using novel consumer panel data of shopping history across multiple grocery retailers and restaurants. Exploiting a recent state-level policy change in the amount of SNAP benefits, I estimate that the propensity …

Go to article

Essays In Behavioral Finance, Tianhao Wu Apr 2023

Essays In Behavioral Finance, Tianhao Wu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation studies a range of topics in behavioral finance and macroeconomics. Thethree essays presented in this dissertation have the same goal of using nontraditional preferences or beliefs to explain puzzling facts in financial markets, which rational models fail to predict. Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 focus on the role of incorrect beliefs in determining equilibrium outcomes such as asset prices and aggregate consumption. Chapter 3 switches the focus to the China’s IPO markets and explores the implications of idiosyncratic skewness on several IPO anomalies including huge initial return, long-term return reversal and high turnover rate. Chapter 1 The Role …

Go to article

Approximate Message Passing Algorithms For General Random Matrices, Xinyi Zhong Apr 2023

Approximate Message Passing Algorithms For General Random Matrices, Xinyi Zhong

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Approximate Message Passing algorithms are a versatile family of iterative algorithms that have found applications in various statistical problems. This thesis highlights some of the recent advancements that generalize the applicability of AMP. First, we analyze the universality of AMP algorithms, showing that their state evolutions hold over a broader range of random matrices, including those with heavy-tailed entries and heterogeneous entry-wise variances. Second, we explore extensions of AMP algorithms of multi-variate iterates with spectral initialization for rotationally invariant matrices, to handle data matrices with correlated noise entries. Lastly, we investigate practical AMP procedures for inference under the Bayesian framework …

Go to article

Sensory Changes Underlying The Egg-Laying Preference Shift Of The Agricultural Pest Drosophila Suzukii, Wanyue Wang Apr 2023

Sensory Changes Underlying The Egg-Laying Preference Shift Of The Agricultural Pest Drosophila Suzukii, Wanyue Wang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Drosophila suzukii, also known as the spotted wing Drosophila, is an agricultural pest of fruits that has caused severe economic losses for a wide variety of fruit industries. It invaded the United States and Europe in 2008, and since then it spread at an unprecedented rate. D. suzukii devastates many fruit crops, including strawberries, raspberries, and blueberries. Unlike most Drosophila species, including D. melanogaster, which lay eggs in overripe fruit, D. suzukii has an egg-laying preference for intact ripe fruit and thus it is destructive. D. suzukii females possess an enlarged saw-like ovipositor, the egg-laying organ, that is able to …

Go to article

Understanding Weather-Driven Thermostat Behavior And Its Implications For Residential Energy Consumption, Michael Ryan Blair Apr 2023

Understanding Weather-Driven Thermostat Behavior And Its Implications For Residential Energy Consumption, Michael Ryan Blair

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

As climate change continues to accelerate, extreme weather events have created unprecedented variability in energy demand and consumption, overloading existing infrastructure and causing large-scale system breakdowns. Fundamentally, these adverse events are driven by the supply-demand mismatch within energy markets. Utility firms face fluctuating demand that cannot be precisely estimated, and economically viable storage capabilities remain scarce. Despite the crucial role of weather-related consumption patterns, and the expected increase in the frequency and magnitude of weather anomalies caused by climate change, little is known about how thermostats are used. This dissertation analyzes the impact of weather on optimal household behavior and …

Go to article

The Making Of Pasolini's Poetic Cinema, Sarah Atkinson Apr 2023

The Making Of Pasolini's Poetic Cinema, Sarah Atkinson

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation is a study of how Pier Paolo Pasolini pioneered representations of otherness through a new kind of mimesis of the gaze. For the poet-filmmaker, cinema offered a liberating way to represent plural subjectivities through expressive modes that transcend verbal language. Central to his theory of poetic cinema is free indirect discourse, a literary technique wherein a narrator temporarily enters a character’s frame of mind and adopts their distinct point of view. When adapted to film, it becomes a strategy for representing alternative perspectives which allows the audience to experience concrete social difference and highlights nuances that may otherwise …

Go to article

The Role Of O-Glcnac Transferase In Ventromedial Hypothalamic Control Of Energy Balance, Qi Wang Apr 2023

The Role Of O-Glcnac Transferase In Ventromedial Hypothalamic Control Of Energy Balance, Qi Wang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The central nervous system plays a vital role in the homeostatic control of body weight and metabolism. Among brain nuclei, the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is an important hypothalamic nucleus known to regulate body weight, energy balance, and counterregulatory response. However, the pathways for VMH neurons to regulate lipid metabolism and the mechanisms by which VMH neurons sense nutrients and hormones remain obscure. O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation), catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), is considered a cellular sensor of stress, nutrients, and hormones, regulating a variety of cellular activities. Here we report that mice with VMH neuron-specific OGT deletion exhibit rapid development …

Go to article

Sonic Virtuality: Imagining Voices In Late Medieval English Lyric, Melissa Tu Apr 2023

Sonic Virtuality: Imagining Voices In Late Medieval English Lyric, Melissa Tu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation explores a textual effect in late medieval English religious poetry, which the project terms “sonic virtuality”: a form of sensory stimulation where instincts of bodily sensation are activated regardless of the performative circumstances under which the poem is encountered. This effect allows the poems to catalyze for their audiences exceptionally vivid imaginative encounters with the poetic personas who appear in them. The project focuses especially on devotional lyrics written, copied, and circulated in medieval England during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, focusing on deictic ambiguities surrounding the lyrics’ uses of the first-person pronoun I. Studies of first-person voices …

Go to article

Integrated Nano-Photonic Circuits On Thin-Film Lithium Niobate, Ayed Al Sayem Apr 2023

Integrated Nano-Photonic Circuits On Thin-Film Lithium Niobate, Ayed Al Sayem

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) is currently one of the most exciting integrated photonic material platforms because of its extra-ordinary non-linear optical properties, low-loss propagation, strong Pockels, piezo and optomechanical response, and so on. Integrated photonics based on TFLN has far-reaching impacts on both classical and quantum technologies and is commercially important for current telecommunication and quantum communication technologies. This thesis will outline the development of some key ingredients for integrated photonic circuits on TFLN that are important for both classical and quantum applications and may play a vital role in both scientific research and commercial technologies based on TFLN-integrated photonics. …

Go to article

The Taste Of Love: Detection Of Pheromones By The Taste System, Yichen Luo Apr 2023

The Taste Of Love: Detection Of Pheromones By The Taste System, Yichen Luo

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Courtship is a critical and fascinating behavior. To propagate, animals must find suitable mating partners in a complex environment, and dedicate significant amounts of time and energy towards the pursuit of a mate. Multiple sensory cues play crucial roles in guiding this process, as evidenced by the elaborate song of a male zebra finch, the complex dance of a bird of paradise, and the exceptional pheromone-sensing ability of a moth. These behaviors rely on different sensory systems. Given its remarkable diversity and its importance in evolution and neuroethology, the neural basis of courtship behavior has long been a subject of …

Go to article

Risk Factors Associated With Suicide Among Veterans With Hiv In The Veterans Aging Cohort Study, Alexandria Catherine Smith Apr 2023

Risk Factors Associated With Suicide Among Veterans With Hiv In The Veterans Aging Cohort Study, Alexandria Catherine Smith

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

With advancements in treatment, HIV has transitioned from a terminal diagnosis to a chronic illness. Yet, despite improvement in life expectancy, people living with HIV (PWH) remain at high risk of suicide compared to the general population [1-8]. Moreover, the risk of suicide among PWH is greater compared to individuals with other chronic conditions [9]. Given the persistently elevated rate of suicide among PWH, the goal of this dissertation is to further advance our knowledge of risk factors contributing to suicide among PWH. For this dissertation, I first reviewed the existing peer-reviewed literature from 1996 through 2020 and identified known …

Go to article

Investigations Of The Silatrane Anchoring Group For Solar Fuel Applications, Jennifer L. Troiano Apr 2023

Investigations Of The Silatrane Anchoring Group For Solar Fuel Applications, Jennifer L. Troiano

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Solar energy is an incredibly abundant, renewable resource with the ability to meet our growing energy needs, but its diffuseness and intermittency has limited its potential. Taking note from photosynthesis in nature, we can design artificial systems that carry out similar processes in order to store solar energy in the form of chemical bonds as “solar fuels.” Molecular and materials approaches can be combined in heterogenized molecular WS-DSPECs where small molecules are attached to metal oxide surfaces to carry out water oxidation and fuel forming reactions. In this dissertation, small molecule surface attachment is investigated using the silatrane anchor to …

Go to article

Applications Of Multiple Lasers In Mass Spectrometry: Structural Characterization And Kinetic Measurements Of The Size- And Temperature-Dependent Water-Mediated Proton-Transfer Reaction In Microhydrated 4-Aminobenzoic Acid, Thien Tung Khuu Apr 2023

Applications Of Multiple Lasers In Mass Spectrometry: Structural Characterization And Kinetic Measurements Of The Size- And Temperature-Dependent Water-Mediated Proton-Transfer Reaction In Microhydrated 4-Aminobenzoic Acid, Thien Tung Khuu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The goal of this thesis is to explore the critical role played by water molecules in the proton migration between two spectroscopically distinct protonation sites adopted by 4-amninobenzoic acid (4ABA). This ultimate goal is achieved through several elementary steps. First, structural characterizations of the two protomers (with and without water molecules), one with the protonation site occurs at the acid group (the O-protomer) and one with the protonation site occurring at the amine functionality (the N-protomer), are explored in detail. Then, to capture the slow water-mediated, proton-transfer process at cold temperature, modifications were made to the current hybrid …

Go to article

Quantifying Visual Characteristics Of Products, Ankit Sisodia Apr 2023

Quantifying Visual Characteristics Of Products, Ankit Sisodia

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Marketing models typically focus on how structured product characteristics impact consumer preferences. However, visual characteristics of products present in unstructured image data play an important role in impacting preferences for many categories. In this dissertation, we develop a method to automatically discover and quantify visual characteristics from product images using a disentanglement-based approach. Disentanglement aims to identify statistically independent and human interpretable characteristics, so a change in one visual characteristic produces a change in the visual space only along one human interpretable visual characteristic. The existing deep learning literature has shown that it is impossible to obtain unique representations of …

Go to article

Towards Microwave-To-Optical Transduction Of Quantum Microwave Signals, Mingrui Xu Apr 2023

Towards Microwave-To-Optical Transduction Of Quantum Microwave Signals, Mingrui Xu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

A quantum network combining superconducting processors and low-loss optical fibers has thepotential to revolutionize the world of information technology. However, the large frequency gap between superconducting qubits (∼ 7 GHz) and telecommunication fibers (∼ 200 THz) present a significant challenge that requires the development of microwave-to-optical (M2O) frequency transducers. For a M2O transducer to successfully transmit quantum signals, two stringent criteria need to be met: near-unity efficiency and near-ground state added noise. Despite encouraging progress in the past decade, quantum signal transduction remains elusive with many challenges to be addressed. In this thesis, we focus on M2O transducers based on …

Go to article

Computational Studies Of The Mechanical Properties Of Metallic Glasses, Aya Nawano Apr 2023

Computational Studies Of The Mechanical Properties Of Metallic Glasses, Aya Nawano

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Metallic glasses are alloys with amorphous atomic structures. They possess promising mechanical properties such as larger values for the strength and elastic limit compared to those for conventional crystalline alloys; however, they are typically brittle under tensile loading at room temperature. To use metallic glasses as structural materials, it is important to develop methods to predict their mechanical response as a function of the microstructure prior to loading. We developed a novel coarse-grained spring network model, which describes the mechanical response of metallic glasses using an equivalent series network of springs that can break and re-form to mimic atomic rearrangements …

Go to article

Discovery And Synthesis Of N-Heterocyclic Drug-Like Compounds By Leveraging Novel Rh(I)-Catalyzed C-H Activation Methods, Oh Sang Kweon Apr 2023

Discovery And Synthesis Of N-Heterocyclic Drug-Like Compounds By Leveraging Novel Rh(I)-Catalyzed C-H Activation Methods, Oh Sang Kweon

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Nitrogen heterocycles are present in almost two-thirds of U.S. FDA approved pharmaceuticals, as well as biologically active natural products. The first two chapters discuss the application of C-H activation methodology to explore novel, nitrogen heterocycle containing molecules as potent and selective ligands towards different protein targets. The third chapter depicts the design of new N-heterocyclic covalent molecular probes that uniquely labels a serine hydrolase protein in a chemoproteomics screen. Chapter 1 details an investigation using structure-based docking with a virtual library of tetrahydropyridines (THPs) to identify unique agonists for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR). Based around combinations of three inputs, …

Go to article

Essays On International Technology Diffusion, Sheng Cai Apr 2023

Essays On International Technology Diffusion, Sheng Cai

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The economic activities and influence of multinational production (MP) are central to many policy discussions. In the first chapter of the dissertation, we provide a framework to understand the role of knowledge spillover from MP in the process of international development and economic growth. We build a tractable multi-country growth model featuring multinational production and knowledge spillover. Firms choose where to produce their products, potentially in a foreign country, because of lower labor costs and better market access. The host country is exposed to technology and management styles used by foreign firms, which is beneficial for local economic growth. Technology …

Go to article

Specificity And Regulation Of Sodium Channel Trafficking: Exploring A Novel Therapeutic Strategy For Pain, Grant Philip Higerd-Rusli Apr 2023

Specificity And Regulation Of Sodium Channel Trafficking: Exploring A Novel Therapeutic Strategy For Pain, Grant Philip Higerd-Rusli

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The burden of pain is significant and current pain treatments are often ineffective. Opiate use has led to an epidemic, requiring alternative pain medications that are more effective and non-addictive. Voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 is preferentially expressed in pain-sensing neurons. Mutations in NaV1.7 can cause disorders ranging from intense pain to complete painlessness in humans, suggesting that its inhibition could provide analgesia without CNS side-effects or addictive potential. Indeed, existing non-selective NaV channels blockers prevent pain, but their utility is limited due to serious side-effects caused by inhibition of NaV isoforms expressed in the heart and brain. Selective inhibition of …

Go to article

Molecular Mechanisms Of Microbial Adaptation To The Host, Daniel G. Dumitrescu Apr 2023

Molecular Mechanisms Of Microbial Adaptation To The Host, Daniel G. Dumitrescu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

All host-associated microorganisms require mechanisms to adapt to stress encountered in the host. In particular, host immunity generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a measure to regulate microbial expansion in the gut and to kill invading pathogens. ROS are broadly toxic to cellular biomolecules, and consequently both microorganisms and the host employ molecular mechanisms to contend with their harmful properties. Accordingly, all life forms rely on low- molecular-weight (LMW) thiols, a family of ubiquitous small molecule antioxidants, to maintain intracellular redox homeostasis and resist oxidative damage caused by ROS. Chapter 1 reviews the molecular and biological functions of LMW thiols, …

Go to article

The Evolutionary Origins Of Social Evaluation, Zachary A. Silver Apr 2023

The Evolutionary Origins Of Social Evaluation, Zachary A. Silver

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Social evaluation refers to the process of using observed social behavior to determine who will be a suitable social partner. While this phenomenon is well-documented in this human species, less is known regarding how we acquired the cognitive abilities needed to make this assessment of with whom we should affiliate. To better understand the evolutionary origins of social evaluation abilities in the human species, researchers have explored nonhuman animals’ capacities for social evaluation. In this dissertation, I present three experiments designed to explore whether domestic dogs, a species who evolved alongside humans and who share our social environment demonstrate human-like …

Go to article

Perspective Differentiation With Diffusion Geometry, Benjamin Ekeroth Apr 2023

Perspective Differentiation With Diffusion Geometry, Benjamin Ekeroth

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Extracting the common information amongst a collection of datasets has become a majortopic of research called Sensor Fusion. Instead, we explore a collection of methods for extracting the information which differentiates between collections of datasets. We focus on methods for differentating the perspectives of datasets using diffusion operators. We formulate a minimax problem for optimizing the relative smoothness of functions between collections of graphs, and prove a minimax theorem for generalized eigenvalues to compute the solution. We further investigate methods for extracting control variables from multidimensional time-series, motivated by a differentiation problem in stroke detection.

Go to article

Bank Depositor Preference Regimes - Policy Advantages And Disadvantages, Clifford Chance Llp Apr 2023

Bank Depositor Preference Regimes - Policy Advantages And Disadvantages, Clifford Chance Llp

Documents

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Dynamic Price Competition: Theory And Evidence From Airline Markets, Jose M. Betancourt, Ali Hortaçsu, Aniko Öry (Oery), Kevin R. Williams Apr 2023

Dynamic Price Competition: Theory And Evidence From Airline Markets, Jose M. Betancourt, Ali Hortaçsu, Aniko Öry (Oery), Kevin R. Williams

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We introduce a model of dynamic pricing in perishable goods markets with competition and provide conditions for equilibrium uniqueness. Pricing dynamics are rich because both own and competitor scarcity affect future profits. We identify new competitive forces that can lead to misallocation due to selling units too quickly: the Bertrand scarcity trap. We empirically estimate our model using daily prices and bookings for competing U.S. airlines. We compare competitive equilibrium outcomes to those where firms use pricing heuristics based on observed internal pricing rules at a large airline. We find that pricing heuristics increase revenues (4-5%) and consumer surplus (3%).

Go to article

Yale Medicine Magazine Spring 2023, Issue 170, Yale University. School Of Medicine Apr 2023

Yale Medicine Magazine Spring 2023, Issue 170, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This is the Spring 2023 issue of Yale Medicine Magazine, issue 170. Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965) and Yale Medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.1 (1965) through v. 52, no.1. (Autumn 2017).

Go to article

The United Kingdom, Maria Alvarez Lopez Apr 2023

The United Kingdom, Maria Alvarez Lopez

Documents

No abstract provided.

Go to article

For Regional Banks, Does More Debt Mean Fewer Problems? - Wsj, Telis Demos Apr 2023

For Regional Banks, Does More Debt Mean Fewer Problems? - Wsj, Telis Demos

Documents

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Why Schwab, A Financial Giant, Got Hurt In The Regional Banks Panic, Tara Siegel Bernard Mar 2023

Why Schwab, A Financial Giant, Got Hurt In The Regional Banks Panic, Tara Siegel Bernard

Documents

No abstract provided.

Go to article

First Prev Next Last