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Capturing Membrane Snapshots: A Quantitative Guide For Spatially-Resolved Extraction Of Membrane Proteins On Native Membranes, Caroline Brown Apr 2024

Capturing Membrane Snapshots: A Quantitative Guide For Spatially-Resolved Extraction Of Membrane Proteins On Native Membranes, Caroline Brown

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Membrane proteins (MPs) stand as pivotal regulators of cellular functions, orchestrating intricate processes vital for organismal homeostasis. However, traditional methodologies employed to study MPs, such as detergent extraction, often fail to accurately preserve the native membrane environment. This deficiency results in the loss of critical biological information, hindering our understanding of MP structure, function, and interactions. To address these limitations, I employ innovative strategies centered around the utilization of membrane active polymers (MAPs). MAPs offer a promising alternative to conventional detergent-based extraction methods by enabling the preservation of the native bilayer environment during MP extraction. Through their unique chemistry, MAPs …

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Regulation Of Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidation And Gluconeogenesis, Traci Ellen Lamoia Apr 2024

Regulation Of Hepatic Mitochondrial Oxidation And Gluconeogenesis, Traci Ellen Lamoia

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide and is characterized by defective insulin secretion, peripheral insulin resistance, and dysregulated whole-body glucose homeostasis. In Chapter 1 I review the etiology of T2D and describe the well-established link between T2D and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). I also describe several pharmaceutical interventions for the treatment of T2D, including metformin, the first-line treatment for T2D, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)/glucagon receptor (gcgR) dual agonists, a class of recently developed and highly effective treatments for T2D. This sets up the major goal of the work presented …

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Design Principles And Implementations Toward Particulate Solar Fuel Production With Carbon Capture And Utilization, Rito Yanagi Apr 2024

Design Principles And Implementations Toward Particulate Solar Fuel Production With Carbon Capture And Utilization, Rito Yanagi

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Due to the rising greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy demand, efforts are urgently needed towards net zero emissions and beyond. Photocatalysts are promising technologies to not only achieve solar fuel production with zero emissions, but also can be integrated into carbon capture and utilization for negative emission. Photocatalysts, in the form of powder suspension or immobilized onto substrates as photocatalytic sheets, can potentially achieve low-cost solar fuel production due to its simplicity. However, its efficiency is still too low for any practical applications, and fundamental understanding on how photocatalysts operates under operating conditions are urgently needed to provide guidance …

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Sacramental Reason: Speculative Thought In Catholic Modernity, Jack Hanson Apr 2024

Sacramental Reason: Speculative Thought In Catholic Modernity, Jack Hanson

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation is a study of the position of Catholicism in the conceptual organization of secular modernity. Inspired by the plenitude of roles the Catholic plays in formations of religious and cultural self-narration, I take up three thinkers for whom the Catholic represents above all a means of navigating the contradictory structures of modernity, avoiding both the simple negativity of critique and the delusion of nostalgic reaction. For Charles Péguy, early intimations of a modern mysticism lead him to a paradoxical appreciation of his greatest antagonists, which in turn sets the stage for his return to the Catholicism of his …

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The Black Spirit: Theorizing Black Political Theology In The Long Civil Rights Movement, Da'von Anthony Boyd Apr 2024

The Black Spirit: Theorizing Black Political Theology In The Long Civil Rights Movement, Da'von Anthony Boyd

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation investigates how Black political theology constructed the philosophical, ethical, and political architecture of the long civil rights movement. By recovering the radicalism of Black political theology in the Black Freedom Struggle, I seek to assess how religion animates the normative theorizing and political mobilization of liberation movements. I closely examine the political theories of its preeminent organizations, including the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and the Nation of Islam (NOI). I offer a theory of Black political theology in defining civil rights praxis by tapping into the cultural synergy of theism with the …

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Algorithm Dynamics In Modern Statistical Learning: Asymptotics, Universality, And Implicit Regularization, Tianhao Wang Apr 2024

Algorithm Dynamics In Modern Statistical Learning: Asymptotics, Universality, And Implicit Regularization, Tianhao Wang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Understanding the dynamics of algorithms is crucial for characterizing the behavior of trained models in modern statistical learning. This thesis presents a few recent results on theoretical analyses of the dynamics of two classes of algorithms: Approximate Message Passing (AMP) algorithms and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). For AMP algorithms, the focus is to derive the precise asymptotic distributional characterization of the iterates, known as the ``state evolution'' which summarizes the dynamics of AMP iterates, and to understand the universality of such characterization with respect to the underlying data distribution. For SGD, the goal is to perform trajectory analysis to understand …

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Ensuring K-12 School Safety During A Respiratory Viral Pandemic, Dan Li Apr 2024

Ensuring K-12 School Safety During A Respiratory Viral Pandemic, Dan Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In recent times, the world has witnessed an unprecedented global crisis with the outbreak of COVID-19. This pandemic has not only brought about a paradigm shift in our daily lives but has also significantly impacted various sectors of society, including the education system. K-12 schools are a major concern for viral transmission due to the close social interactions between children, crowded institutional environments, and suboptimal vaccine coverage. Children have close interactions with their household members, who are active in all sectors of society. The K-12 educational landscape has faced an array of challenges in the face of managing the COVID-19 …

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Data-Driven Methods For Super-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging, Siyuan Dong Apr 2024

Data-Driven Methods For Super-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging, Siyuan Dong

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) is a non-invasive imaging technique for studying metabolism and has become a crucial tool for understanding neurodegenerative diseases, cancers and diabetes. High spatial resolution MRSI is needed to characterize small lesions and intra-lesion heterogeneity, but in practice MRSI is acquired at low resolution due to time and sensitivity restrictions caused by the low metabolite concentrations. Therefore, there is an imperative need for a post-processing approach to generate high-resolution MRSI from low-resolution data that can be acquired fast and with high sensitivity. In computer vision, enhancing image resolution is known as image super-resolution, which is a …

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Fundamental Limits In Large-Scale Multiple Testing And Its Application, Yutong Nie Apr 2024

Fundamental Limits In Large-Scale Multiple Testing And Its Application, Yutong Nie

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The false discovery rate (FDR) and the false non-discovery rate (FNR), defined as the expected false discovery proportion (FDP) and the false non-discovery proportion (FNP), are the most popular benchmarks for multiple testing. Despite the theoretical and algorithmic advances in recent years, the optimal tradeoff between the FDR and the FNR has been largely unknown except for certain restricted classes of decision rules, e.g., separable rules, or for other performance metrics, e.g., the marginal FDR and the marginal FNR (mFDR and mFNR). In this dissertation, we determine the asymptotically optimal FDR-FNR tradeoff under the two-group random mixture model when the …

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The Impacts Of Economic Incentives On The Healthcare Safety Net, Justin Markowski Apr 2024

The Impacts Of Economic Incentives On The Healthcare Safety Net, Justin Markowski

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The healthcare safety net is a foundational component of the broader US healthcare system. This collection of programs, organizations, and providers was created and structured by policy makers with the primary objective to expand access to high-quality healthcare in traditionally underserved communities. However, it is often unclear whether these policy efforts successfully counteract the systemic profit motives and baseline financial disincentives that are structured against certain patient groups and communities. This dissertation aims to explore the relationship between three sets of economic incentives and their respective policy environments, investigating the associated impacts on the performance and functioning of the safety …

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Essays On Economic Growth, Bernardo Silva De Carvalho Ribeiro Apr 2024

Essays On Economic Growth, Bernardo Silva De Carvalho Ribeiro

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Over the past few decades, economic growth has transformed the world, lifting billions of individuals out of poverty. For example, in the early 1980s, roughly 45% of the global population lived on less than $2.15 per day (adjusted for 2017 purchasing power parity). By 2019, this proportion had fallen to below 10%, while the world's GDP per capita increased nearly tenfold (World Bank, 2024). Understanding the drivers of economic growth and identifying policies that can promote it are thus among the most critical questions in social science. In this dissertation, I examine two of the primary drivers of economic growth …

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Investigating The Sequence Requirements For Specific Ligand Recognition In Variant Riboswitches, Kathryn Barth Apr 2024

Investigating The Sequence Requirements For Specific Ligand Recognition In Variant Riboswitches, Kathryn Barth

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Recognizing and responding to environmental stimuli is essential for organisms across all domains of life. Riboswitches sense environmental stimuli in the form of a small molecule ligand and then structurally rearrange to modulate gene expression in response. Specific ligand recognition is, therefore, a requirement of a functional riboswitch. This dissertation focuses on relating the primary sequence of a riboswitch to a role in ligand specificity. Unlike structural studies, which are used to identify nucleotides in direct ligand contact, I have taken a mutational approach to determine which nucleotides, when mutated, alter riboswitch function or ligand specificity. I focus on variant …

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Making Time: Boredom And The Infrastructure Of Modernity, Zachariah Michielli Apr 2024

Making Time: Boredom And The Infrastructure Of Modernity, Zachariah Michielli

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The following dissertation is a project of infrastructure history. This project chiefly focuses on human-constructed time and boredom in the Western world. The Western world has worked collectively to control time for thousands of years. In the pre-modern era, time was primarily monitored using the Sun’s path across the sky. In that period, evidence demonstrates that time was a passive regulator known primarily through the movement of celestial bodies. The orbit of the Moon around the Earth generated the month, which could be measured in multiple ways. Months aided in counting the periods for the seasons and for the harvest. …

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Dimer Models And Local Systems, Haolin Shi Apr 2024

Dimer Models And Local Systems, Haolin Shi

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this thesis we study several generalizations of the dimer model to higher rank geometric settings.The dimer models, first studied as a toy model in statistical mechanics, exhibit beautiful mathematical structures. It can be exactly enumerated and its probabilistic properties can be studied algebraically. It is also related to geometry and topology. Many versions and generalizations of the dimer model have been studied. Some examples are double dimer models on surfaces. We generalize double dimer models to $n$-dimer models and prove many classical results still hold. Boundaried double dimer models have been extensively studied on the disk. We generalize such …

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From Distraction To Interaction: Leveraging Robot-Driven Interplay For Effective Technical Education Amid Interruptions, Emmanuel Toks Adéníran Apr 2024

From Distraction To Interaction: Leveraging Robot-Driven Interplay For Effective Technical Education Amid Interruptions, Emmanuel Toks Adéníran

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the dynamic interplay between robotics and human adaptability in environments characterized by frequent interruptions, with a special focus on technical education and privacy considerations. Our research begins by examining the pervasive issue of interruptions in various settings, emphasizing their impact on productivity and safety. It then explores strategies that leverage technology, particularly robotics, to enhance human interruption tolerance and performance. A significant portion of the research is dedicated to understanding how robotics can aid individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This exploration is extended to broader educational contexts, where robotics are employed to improve learning outcomes and …

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Towards A Bose-Einstein Condensate Of Srf Molecules, Varun Rajeev Jorapur Apr 2024

Towards A Bose-Einstein Condensate Of Srf Molecules, Varun Rajeev Jorapur

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In recent years, there has been growing interest in methods for producing gases of ultracoldpolar molecules, driven by proposals to employ ultracold molecules in applications in ultracold chemistry, quantum information and quantum simulation, and precision measurements. There has been tremendous progress in producing ultracold polar molecules using pre-cooled and assembled alkali atoms, however, this faces limits in the molecule variety and interaction regimes that are accessible. Nonetheless, these techniques have successfully produced the first degenerate gases of polar molecules. Simultaneously, there has been a strong experimental and theoretical focus towards developing techniques to directly laser cool molecules which would enable …

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Uncovering Transkingdom Connectivity Through Mapping Host-Microbiota Interactions, Nicole Sonnert Apr 2024

Uncovering Transkingdom Connectivity Through Mapping Host-Microbiota Interactions, Nicole Sonnert

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Our microbiota, the trillions of microbes that constitutively colonize every outward-facing surface of our bodies, have diverse impacts on human physiology, yet the molecular bases for these effects remain mostly unknown. Classical pathogens often invade host tissues and modulate immune responses through interactions with human extracellular and secreted proteins (the ‘exoproteome’). Commensal microbes may also facilitate niche colonization and shape host biology by engaging host exoproteins; however, direct microbiota-exoproteome interactions remain largely unexplored. We developed and validated a novel technology, BActerial Selection to Elucidate Host-microbe Interactions in high Throughput (BASEHIT), that enables proteome-scale assessment of human exoproteome-microbiome interactions. Using BASEHIT, …

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The Death Of The American Dream, En Español: The Problem Of Latine Homeownership In The Late Twentieth Century, Gabriel Aron Ramirez Apr 2024

The Death Of The American Dream, En Español: The Problem Of Latine Homeownership In The Late Twentieth Century, Gabriel Aron Ramirez

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines trends in Latine homeownership between 1970 and 2000. It describes how Latines became homeowners in the absence of targeted subsidy programs. In so doing, it tracks fundamental changes in housing markets and housing policy as the New Deal order crumbled and the so-called neoliberal order arose. The dissertation comprises three parts. Part One narrates the federal government’s retreat from fair housing in the 1970s at the same time that executive agencies “discovered” the dire housing conditions faced by Latines across the country. Part Two describes how Latine-led nonprofit organizations, particularly the National Council of La Raza, responded …

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Transition Metal Complexes For Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation, Hanyu Liu Apr 2024

Transition Metal Complexes For Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation, Hanyu Liu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Our rapidly increasing population’s growing need for food, fertilizer, and clean energy necessitates an exploration into the oxidation of ammonia (NH3) for its application as a carbon-free fuel and a precursor for nitrite and nitrate production Traditional ammonia oxidation (AO) techniques, such as the Ostwald process, demand considerable energy and result in greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, electrochemical AO emerges as an energy-efficient solution. This thesis investigates the development and characterization of copper and iridium-based molecular and heterogeneous catalysts targeting selective electrochemical AO in aqueous environments.Chapter 2 focuses on [Cu(bipyalk)]+, a mononuclear copper electrocatalyst exhibiting selective ammonia oxidation to nitrite …

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Exploring Function And Mechanism Through Intuitions, Explanations, & Learning, Amanda Mccarthy Apr 2024

Exploring Function And Mechanism Through Intuitions, Explanations, & Learning, Amanda Mccarthy

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Imagine learning about a car engine for the first time. You might expect that the person explaining to you how a car engine works would first explain the role that the car engine has within the car (functional information) before diving into how the camshaft, pistons, spark plugs, cylinders, and crankshaft all work together to make the car engine work (mechanistic information). Where might this intuition that functional information should come before mechanistic information come from? Is mechanistic information too convoluted to be understood without function as a cognitive scaffold? This thesis considers the strength of this intuition of explanatory …

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The Ambivalence Of Salvation: On Sentimentality, Suffering, And Redemption, Amanda Griffin Apr 2024

The Ambivalence Of Salvation: On Sentimentality, Suffering, And Redemption, Amanda Griffin

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

For many contemporary theologians and theorists, the Christian doctrine of salvation is a problem. This is clearly elucidated for today’s context in the anti-social turn in queer theory, or queer negativity. This dissertation develops a Christian soteriology that takes queer negativity’s critiques seriously, without abandoning salvation altogether. Instead, I argue that honesty about the ambivalence that virtually always attends soteriology can allow it to mean and function differently. My attention to queer negativity focuses on the work of Lee Edelman, Leo Bersani, and Stephen Best. All three, in different ways, argue that Christian redemptive logics shapes common-sense thinking in the …

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Identifying Mechanisms Of Pathogenicity In Familial Cardiomyopathy-Linked Alpha-Tropomyosin Mutations, Saiti Srabonti Halder Apr 2024

Identifying Mechanisms Of Pathogenicity In Familial Cardiomyopathy-Linked Alpha-Tropomyosin Mutations, Saiti Srabonti Halder

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) and Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) are two very divergent diseases which often have poor prognosis and are major causes of sudden cardiac death. In HCM, the left ventricular wall stiffens and thickens, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood efficiently. In DCM, the left ventricular chamber becomes enlarged while the walls become thinner and weaker, being unable to pump blood. When HCM or DCM happens as a result of an inherited mutation, it is said to be familial and can be passed down from one generation to the next. Missense mutations in alpha-tropomyosin (TPM1), a regulatory …

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Investigating The Cellular Role Of Lama Phosphorylation On Asymmetric Polar Growth In Mycobacteria, Celena Gwin Apr 2024

Investigating The Cellular Role Of Lama Phosphorylation On Asymmetric Polar Growth In Mycobacteria, Celena Gwin

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

From dividing labor within communities to having a flexible response to environmental insults, phenotypic heterogeneity provides numerous benefits to microorganisms. Mycobacteria create this heterogeneity, in part, by their unique pattern of asymmetric growth and division, which generates a population of cells that varies in size, growth rate, and antibiotic susceptibility (1). The deletion of a single gene conserved exclusively in mycobacteria, known as lamA, abrogates a significant amount of this heterogeneity (2). We set out to characterize this protein of relatively unknown function using a combination of genetics, biochemistry, live cell time-lapse microscopy, and super-resolution microscopy.We show that LamA coordinates …

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On Unperformable Plays And The Metaphysics Of The Stage: Hölderlin And Kleist, Netta Sovinsky Apr 2024

On Unperformable Plays And The Metaphysics Of The Stage: Hölderlin And Kleist, Netta Sovinsky

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This project reads through two German plays from around 1800 that were considered “unperformable” at their time: Hölderlin’s Der Tod des Empedokles and Kleist’s Penthesilea. My work thinks of theatrical “unperformability” as a rebellion against the epistemological and metaphysical frames that were dominating the theater of their time, as well as the public space that this theater was affirming and forming. The plays, I suggest, expose and in fact perform “on stage” the conditions of appearance of the Dramatic stage, which they do not obey – conditions that in Dramatic theater were supposed to be hidden. Those conditions characterize also …

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In Situ Characterization Of Electrochemically Intercalated Two-Dimensional Group Vi Transition Metal Dichalcogenides, Shiyu Xu Apr 2024

In Situ Characterization Of Electrochemically Intercalated Two-Dimensional Group Vi Transition Metal Dichalcogenides, Shiyu Xu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Two-dimensional (2D) materials display various exotic structural and electronic phases, with layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) presenting multiple polymorphs featuring distinct physical and chemical properties. Intercalating alkali metal ions stands out as a highly effective method for inducing structural transformations and adjusting the optical and electrical characteristics of 2D group VI TMDs. The resulting novel metastable phases hold transformative potentials for applications in electronic memories, transport devices, hydrogen gas evolution catalysts, and biological sensors. Despite numerous studies on alkali metal intercalation into 2D VI TMDs, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic and microscopic aspects of intercalation-induced phase changes remains elusive. …

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Mechanical And Transcriptional Roles For Primary Cilia During Intracardiac Cushion Endomt, Kathryn Berg Apr 2024

Mechanical And Transcriptional Roles For Primary Cilia During Intracardiac Cushion Endomt, Kathryn Berg

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The first organ to develop in vertebrates is the heart, a necessary process for all other organ systems that follow. Proper development of the embryonic heart relies on the ability for intracardiac cells to sense and translate complex mechanical forces into transcriptional signals. Failure to do so results in numerous cardiac abnormalities, such as thinned compact myocardium, stunted trabeculations and atrioventricular canal defects. These structural abnormalities are a common occurrence in congenital heart disease (CHD), which affects more than 1% of all live births. Nonetheless, the mechanism by which mechanical forces are generated, sensed, and integrated into cardiac development remains …

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Poetics Of The Letter: Translation And Correspondence In Augusto De Campos And Ana Cristina Cesar, Craig Osterbrock Apr 2024

Poetics Of The Letter: Translation And Correspondence In Augusto De Campos And Ana Cristina Cesar, Craig Osterbrock

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines the poetics of translation of Augusto de Campos (1931- ) and Ana Cristina Cesar (1952-1983), two of Brazil’s most important poet-translators of the second half of the twentieth century. I argue that their respective poetics of translation can be interpreted as a form of correspondence in which the translator corresponds with the author of the source text and with the potential reader of the target text. The focus of Augusto’s response to the demands of this double correspondence is the “letter” understood as the materiality of the source and target text. His response to the source text …

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Realismus Und Kritik – Zum Ursprung Des Bürgerlichen Realismus Aus Der Literaturgeschichte, Benjamin Heller Apr 2024

Realismus Und Kritik – Zum Ursprung Des Bürgerlichen Realismus Aus Der Literaturgeschichte, Benjamin Heller

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The second half of the 19th century is generally regarded as the age of ‘Historicism’ in Germany. History became the driving force behind German culture. A development that would also have an enormous impact on the way literature was viewed, evaluated and perceived. This phenomenon is particularly evident in the literature of German Realism. The emergence of a specific historical position created an enormous poetic potential in the texts of the German realists. The texts of the realists were constantly engaged in questioning themselves in relation to the procedures of their creation and their integration into a historical tradition.The dissertation …

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Desert Places: Transnational Formations Of Race, Region, And Empire In The Nineteenth-Century Pampas And Prairies, Colin Allen Young Apr 2024

Desert Places: Transnational Formations Of Race, Region, And Empire In The Nineteenth-Century Pampas And Prairies, Colin Allen Young

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation asks why, in the long nineteenth century, the desert became a defining American region. As opposed to our modern climatological understanding of desert, nineteenth-century deserts were understood by their settler colonists to be cultural wastelands bereft of “civilization.” By juxtaposing the visual culture of the South American pampas and the North American prairies—two critical hemispheric desert places—I reveal that approaching these grasslands as a shared cultural, political, and artistic zone is essential to writing a more integrated art history of the Americas. Far from being “deserted,” the pampas and the prairies were home to Indigenous and Afro-descendant communities …

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A “Spicy” Molecular Mechanism Of Trpa1 Hyperactivation Conferred By A Disease Mutant And Insights Into C-Terminal Regulatory Components, Avnika Prasad Bali Apr 2024

A “Spicy” Molecular Mechanism Of Trpa1 Hyperactivation Conferred By A Disease Mutant And Insights Into C-Terminal Regulatory Components, Avnika Prasad Bali

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Roughly one third of Americans suffer from chronic pain and inflammation, yet so far little progress has been made to develop new pain remedies beyond non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and opioids, which often harbor deleterious side-effects. The identification and mechanistic analysis of pain-initiating receptors in peripheral nociceptor neurons is therefore an attractive approach to develop new analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are the largest group of receptors expressed in nociceptor neurons and are capable of transducing noxious thermal and chemical stimuli into cation influx that triggers pain signaling. My thesis work focuses on one such TRP …

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