Digital Commons Network^™

Benthos Biomass And Oxygen Deficiency In The Upwelling System Off Peru, Rutger Rosenberg, Wolf E. Arntz, Esmeralda Chumán De Flores, Luis A. Flores, Guido Carbajal, Imme Finger, Juán Tarazona

Journal of Marine Research

Data are presented on macrobenthic (≥ 1 mm) biomass and species composition, sulfur bacteria (Thioploca), demersal fish catches, organic content of sediment and dissolved oxygen at 65 stations (35-360 m) along the upwelling area off north Peru in 1980-1981. Oxygen concentration close to the bottom was high only down to about 20 m depth and at 20-700 m it was generally < 0.8 ml l⁻¹. Organic content of sediment increased significantly with water depth. Macrofauna were found at all stations with a general dominance of small polychaetes. Macrofaunal biomass showed a significant positive correlation with oxygen concentration; below 0.6 ml …

The Effect Of Pressure On The Thermodynamic Properties Of Seawater, Frank J. Millero, Donald R. Schreiber

Journal of Marine Research

For many thermodynamic calculations in oceanography it is necessary to know the effect of pressure (or depth) on various thermodynamic properties. … Recently, a new equation of state for sea-water (Millero et al., 1980; Millero and Poisson, 1981) has been adopted by the UNESCO/ICES/IAPSO joint panel on oceanographic tables and standards. By appropriate differentiation of this equation of state, it is possible to determine the pressure derivatives for the specific volume of seawater solutions. To estimate the effect of pressure on the partial molal thermochemical properties (Millero and Leung, 1976), it is necessary to know the partial molal volumes of"sea …

On The Mean Dynamical Balances Of The Gulf Stream Recirculation Zone, James C. Mcwilliams

Journal of Marine Research

The time mean circulation is analyzed at a site on the southern edge of the Gulf Stream Recirculation Zone (31N, 70W) from data taken in the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment. Additional mean quantities are described from a combination of dynamical assertions and inferences. The mean vorticity balance is examined to infer the mean vertical velocity and eddy relative vorticity flux divergence. The vertical velocity is found to be mostly upward and an order of magnitude larger than the downward surface Ekman pumping. In the mean heat, salt, density, and potential vorticity budgets, the mean advections of these quantities are nonzero, …

Comparative Biogeochemistry Of Water In Intertidal Onuphis (Polychaeta) And Upogebia (Crustacea) Burrows: Temporal Patterns And Causes, Robert C. Aller, Josephine Y. Yingst, William J. Ullman

Journal of Marine Research

The burrows of macrobenthos represent an important class of sedimentary microenvironments which significantly influence chemical, biological, and physical characteristics of a deposit. In intertidal regions, the time-dependent changes in composition during ebb-tide of water contained in burrows is a sensitive indicator of biogenic and abiogenic chemical reactions in burrow walls and adjacent sediment. Comparison of time series water samples taken from Onuphis jenneri (polychaete) and Upogebia affinis (crustacean) burrows in the same tidal flat demonstrate substantial differences in biogeochemical microenvironments despite the spatial proximity of the two species. Both types of burrows are influenced by the same general kinds of …

On The Variability Of The Loop Current In The Gulf Of Mexico, W. Sturges, J. C. Evans

Journal of Marine Research

It is of considerable interest to know to what extent offshore currents may drive flows on the continental shelf. We have used the northernmost position of the Loop Current, from hydrographic data, to piece together a time series 13 years long. This record samples the lowest frequencies well but undersamples the amplitude of variations with periods of ∼8 months by a factor of 2. The "annual" variation of the Loop Current appears to be a relatively broad spectral peak rather than a sharp spectral line. We find as much power at periods near 30 months as at periods near a …

Relationship Of Water Motion To The Shallow Water Distribution And Morphology Of Two Species Of Sea Urchins, Andrew L. Lissner

Journal of Marine Research

A 13-month field and laboratory study was conducted at Santa Catalina Island, California, USA to determine some of the effects of water motion on the shallow water distribution of the sea urchin Centrostephanus coronatus Verrill. The depth distribution of another sea urchin species, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus (A. Agassiz), includes shallow areas of strong water motion (<2 m depth) from which C. coronatus is absent. Differences in attachment strength and morphology of the two species were investigated as possible mechanisms affecting the differences in depth distribution. Density of C. coronatus along subtidal transects generally increased with increased depth, ranging from 0 individuals at depths less than …

The Role Of Colloid Chemistry In Providing A Source Of Iron To Phytoplankton, Mark L. Wells, Niko G. Zorkin, A. G. Lewis

Journal of Marine Research

Culture experiments with the coastal marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (WHOI clone 3H) demonstrate that, as an iron source, freshly prepared colloidal ferric hydroxide can produce better cell yield than the more crystalline goethite or hematite, Ageing or heating of the prepared ferric hydroxide stock causes a reduction in cell yield. This reduction appears to be related to increased thermodynamic stability of the colloid as suggested by thermogravimetric analysis and relative dissolution rates. The reduction in cell yield can be prevented by the addition of the chelating agent EDTA prior to, but not after, ageing or heating of the ferric hydroxide …

The Efficacy Of Abdominal Films In Patients With Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Tina Inez Young

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Gene Locus For Α₁-Antitrypsin (Pi) Assigned To Human Chromosome 14, Stephen J. Pearson

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Philosophical Egoism In Eighteenth Century Moral Thought And Its Relevance To Modern Psychology, Laura Schafer

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

A Randomized Trial Comparing Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate With Leucovorin Rescue, Vincristine, And Cytarabine (Acomla), With Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, Prednisone, And Bleomycin (Chop-B) In The Treatment Of Diffuse Histiocytic Lymphoma, Philip M. Spiro

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Growth Analysis Of Pulmonary Metastases In Malignant Melanoma, Charles An-Pin Lim

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Release Of A Myogenic Trophic Factor From The Neuromuscular Junction During Induced Transmitter Discharge, John H. Neal

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Thermoregulation In Anorexia Nervosa, April Chang

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Department Of Surgery, Yale University School Of Medicine 1983-1984, Yale School Of Medicine Department Of Surgery

Yale Department of Surgery Bulletins

Annual report for 1983-1984.

Oceanic Property Transport, Lagrangian Particle Statistics, And Their Prediction, R. E. Davis

Journal of Marine Research

The relationship between the transport of scalar properties and the statistics of material particle motion is examined. It is shown that evolution of the mean concentration field is determined by the statistics of single particles while two particle statistics describe the typical dispersal of individual property clouds. It is argued that oceanic observations of quasi-Lagrangian floats provide a useful and direct description of lateral advection and eddy dispersal. A simple model for predicting statistics of particle dispersal from Eulerian statistics of velocity is advanced. This model is tested against simulations of particle motion in random two-dimensional velocity fields with prescribed …

Vertical Motion Of The Thermocline, Nitracline And Chlorophyll Maximum Layers In Relation To Currents On The Southern California Shelf, J. J. Cullen, E. Stewart, E. Renger, R. W. Eppley, C. D. Winant

Journal of Marine Research

A continuous four-day time series of nitrate concentration, temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, and currents, sampled at fixed depths, revealed that distributions of temperature and nitrate could be accounted for by vertical motions in the water column associated with the semidiurnal internal tide and internal waves. A probable mixing event was observed: the transport of nitrate into the surface-layer associated with shear instabilities generated by internal waves. On temporal scales of less than a few hours, the variation of chlorophyll fluorescence could also be explained by vertical advection. However, on longer scales, swimming behavior of the phytoplankton assemblage (dominated by Ceratium spp. …

Lagrangian Eddy Statistics From Surface Drifters In The Eastern North Atlantic, Alain Colin De Verdiere

Journal of Marine Research

In 1976–1977, 16 surface drifters were seeded regularly in an area about 100 km in diameter, providing a good opportunity to study diffusion induced by the mesoscale eddies present in this part of the eastern North Atlantic. It is found herein that Taylor's formula relating the diffusivity (rate of dispersion) of marked fluid parcels to the integral of the Lagrangian correlation function is accurate up to 30 days. The diffusivity, initially zero, reaches a plateau after about 10 days. The diffusivities associated with the time scale of the energy containing eddies (30 days) are 2.3 10⁷ cm²/s …

Regulation Of Phytoplankton Communities By Physical Processes In Upwelling Ecosystems, Walker O. Smith, George W. Heburn, Richard T. Barber, James J. O'Brien

Journal of Marine Research

Sinking rates of particles were superimposed on the x-z-t current field observed at 15S off the coast of San Juan, Peru in March–May, 1977 to calculate particle trajectories in the upwelling circulation. Vertical velocities were calculated by a modified variational objective analysis technique using the measured onshore and longshore currents in conjunction with the physical constraint of mass continuity. The calculated vertical flow showed considerable temporal and spatial variability, with the mean vertical transport varying by two orders of magnitude over the 16 km wide continental shelf. Changes in direction occurred rapidly (within 24 h) as has been observed for …

Equatorial Ocean Response To Growing And Moving Wind Systems With Application To The Atlantic, R. H. Weisberg, T. Y. Tang

Journal of Marine Research

Investigation is made into the response of an equatorial ocean to growing and moving zonal wind systems as motivated by observations of maximum upwelling central to the equatorial Atlantic basin and westward progressing thermal and momentum signatures near the surface. Analytical solutions to the linear, reduced gravity, equatorial β-plane equations of motion subject to a long wave approximation are given for three easterly forcing functions: 1) linearly expanding fetch with constant stress, 2) linearly expanding fetch and stress, and 3) constant fetch and stress, translating westward. The results, as they may relate to the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, are discussed.

Enhanced Growth Of A Filter-Feeding Bivalve By A Deposit-Feeding Polychaete By Means Of Nutrient Regeneration, James R. Weinberg, Robert B. Whitlatch

Journal of Marine Research

Sediment reworking and tube irrigation by the deposit-feeding polychaete, Clymenella torquata, reduced the quantity of particulate organic matter (POM) at the sediment-water interface and increased concentrations of dissolved nutrients (nitrite, ammonia, silicate, phosphate) in the water overlying laboratory microcosms. To determine the effect of these changes on growth of the filter-feeding bivalve, Gemma gemma, clams of the same initial size were grown under different laboratory conditions, representing all combinations of the following three treatments: (a) presence or absence of light, (b) presence or absence of C. torquata, and (c) proximity to C. torquata (clams living in sediment with worms or …

Bulletin Of Yale University School Of Nursing 1983-1984, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 79, Number 13

September 1, 1983

A Subsurface Particle Maximum Layer And Enhanced Microbial Activity In The Secondary Nitrite Maximum Of The Northeastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, P. C. Garfield, T. T. Packard, G. E. Friederich, L. A. Codispoti

Journal of Marine Research

Profiles of light transmission, dissolved oxygen, dissolved nutrients, electron transport system (ETS) activity, temperature and salinity were made in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean. A particle maximum at 150–300 m within the oxygen minimum and secondary nitrite maximum was associated with the salinity maximum of Subtropical Subsurface Water. A subsurface maximum in ETS activity was also found to be associated with the secondary nitrite maximum and the particle maximum. Persistence of these features at a constant depth and their location within a minimum in vertical static stability suggest an advective and/or in situ origin for the particles and an in …

An Estimable Dynamic Stochastic Model Of Fertility And Child Mortality, Kenneth Wolpin

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Yale-New Haven Special Issue : 1982 Annual Report, Yale-New Haven Hospital

Yale New Haven Hospital Annual Reports

For the year 1982. Year ending September 30, 1982.

Fertility And Savings In A Two-Period Household Model: A Theoretical And Empirical Analysis, Anil Deolalikar

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Cross-Sectional Methods For Estimating The Replacement Of Infant Deaths, Randall Olsen

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Structure, Transcription And Evolution Of The Alu Family Of Interspersed Repetitive Dna Sequences, James Tilford Elder

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The cloning of DNA fragments derived from the (beta)-like globin gene cluster of normal and (beta)('+)-thalassemic individuals is described. These and other cloned human DNA fragments are employed to define the strucure and transcription of a family of interspersed, repetitive RNA polymerase III transcription units in human DNA. These data allow unequivocal identification of these transcription units with the Alu family of interspersed, repetitive DNA sequences. Comparison of these sequences to those of other primate and rodent interspersed repeats reveals that the primate sequence resembles in many respects a dimer of the rodent sequence. This striking interordinal divergence stands in …

Short Run Fluctuations In Fertility And Mortality In Preindustrial Sweden, Zvi Eckstein, T. Paul Schultz, Kenneth Wolpin

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Somatic Cell Genetic And Molecular Analysis Of Dna-Mediated Gene Transfer, Kenneth Michael Huttner

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.