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Articles 3751 - 3780 of 5630
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
A Review Of Caldwell’S Theory Of Fertility Decline, T. Paul Schultz
A Review Of Caldwell’S Theory Of Fertility Decline, T. Paul Schultz
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
Consumer Demand And Household Production: Relationship Between Fertility And Child Mortality, Mark Rosenzweig, T. Paul Schultz
Consumer Demand And Household Production: Relationship Between Fertility And Child Mortality, Mark Rosenzweig, T. Paul Schultz
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
Estimating A Household Production Function: Heterogeneity, The Demand For Health Inputs And Their Effects On Birthweight, Mark Rosenzweig, T. Paul Schultz
Estimating A Household Production Function: Heterogeneity, The Demand For Health Inputs And Their Effects On Birthweight, Mark Rosenzweig, T. Paul Schultz
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
Vertical Flux Of Fatty Acids In The North Atlantic Ocean, Hein J. W. De Baar, John W. Farrington, Stuart G. Wakeham
Vertical Flux Of Fatty Acids In The North Atlantic Ocean, Hein J. W. De Baar, John W. Farrington, Stuart G. Wakeham
Journal of Marine Research
The quantitative and qualitative composition of fatty acids in particulate material collected in traps deployed during 98 days at 389, 988, 3755 and 5068 m depths in the equatorial North Atlantic was determined. The fatty acid composition indicates a predominantly marine source (14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, 20:5, 20:4, 22:6, 22:5) with possibly a minor terrigenous component in the bathypelagic traps. The vertical fluxes of fatty acids and lipids decrease rapidly with depth. The rate of net loss of carboxylic acids increases with number of double bonds and decreases with number of carbon atoms. Iso- and anteiso- as well as …
Toxic Binding Of Cupric Ion By Marine Phytoplankton, Jerome Gavis
Toxic Binding Of Cupric Ion By Marine Phytoplankton, Jerome Gavis
Journal of Marine Research
The data presented by Gavis et al. (1981, J. Mar. Res., 39, 315–333) for the specific growth rate of phytoplankton in nutrient replete medium as a function of cupric ion activity can be described quantitatively by equations that relate the equilibrium binding of cupric ions to a cell receptor site. Statistically significant conditional binding constants could be estimated from the data for at least eight clones among three species. One clone could bind only one cupric ion per site. The others could bind a maximum of two cupric ions per site. For one of these clones K1 > K2 …
Westward Propagation Of Short-Term Climatic Anomalies In The Western North Pacific Ocean From 1964-1974, Warren B. White
Westward Propagation Of Short-Term Climatic Anomalies In The Western North Pacific Ocean From 1964-1974, Warren B. White
Journal of Marine Research
Short-term climatic anomalies in the surface dynamic height (O/400 db) structure of the western North Pacific from 1964-1974 are investigated on a seasonal basis for propagational character. From the equator to 32.5N, negative dynamic height anomalies occurred in 1965, 1969 and 1972, approximately every three years, associated with E1 Nino events in the eastern tropical Pacific (Wyrtki, 1977). The decorrelation time scale of these short-term climatic anomalies was independent of latitude (i.e., 6-9 months), but the decorrelation longitude scale decreased poleward; i.e., from 10° longitude at 7.5N to 5° longitude at 32.5N. Time/longitude correlation studies find these anomalies to have …
Tidally Generated High-Frequency Internal Wave Packets And Their Effects On Plankton In Massachussetts Bay, Loren R. Haury, Peter H. Wiebe, Marshall O. Orr, Melbourne G. Briscoe
Tidally Generated High-Frequency Internal Wave Packets And Their Effects On Plankton In Massachussetts Bay, Loren R. Haury, Peter H. Wiebe, Marshall O. Orr, Melbourne G. Briscoe
Journal of Marine Research
Tidally generated internal wave packets occur twice a day during late summer in Massachusetts Bay, U.S.A. The packets are formed at Stellwagen Bank and propagate into the Bay at about 60 cm sec—1; they dissipate in shallow water at the western side of the Bay. The dominant waves in packets have lengths of about 300 m, periods of between 8 and 10 min, and amplitudes of up to 30 m. Overturning of the waves has been observed acoustically over Stellwagen Bank, in the deep (80 m) waters in the center of the Bay, and during dissipation in shallow …
Quasi-Lagrangian Structure And Variability Of The Subtropical Western North Atlantic Circulation, Stephen C. Riser, H. Thomas Rossby
Quasi-Lagrangian Structure And Variability Of The Subtropical Western North Atlantic Circulation, Stephen C. Riser, H. Thomas Rossby
Journal of Marine Research
A large body of quasi-Lagrangian trajectory (SOFAR float) data collected from 1976-1979 from 700 m and 2000 m in the western North Atlantic is examined, and it is shown that the character of the trajectories varies markedly over regions as small as a few degrees of latitude and longitude. Kinetic energy increases to the north and west in the basin at both levels. At 700 m a large northwest energy gradient is present between 30N and 31N at 70W. At 2000 m kinetic energy increases to the north and west with the largest gradients very near to the Blake Escarpment …
Control Of Seagrass Communities And Sediment Distribution By Callianassa (Crustacea, Thalassinidea) Bioturbation, Thomas H. Suchanek
Control Of Seagrass Communities And Sediment Distribution By Callianassa (Crustacea, Thalassinidea) Bioturbation, Thomas H. Suchanek
Journal of Marine Research
Shallow tropical lagoons at St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands were found to have high densities of the ghost shrimp Callianassa spp. The ecology of four species of Callianassa is discussed: C. acanthochirus, C. longiventris, C. rathbunae and C. quadracuta. The first two species capture and store in their burrows drifting detritus of seagrass and algae. The latter two species build volcano-shaped mounds of ejected sediment during feeding and burrowing. Massive quantities of sediment (up to 2.59 kg/m2/day) are funneled into subsurface galleries, gleaned for organic material and sorted. Fine grains (< 1.4 mm diam.) are then pumped back up to the surface forming mounds. Coarse-grained material (≥ 1.4 mm) such as shell debris and coral fragments are not pumped back to the surface, but are stored in many deep chambers which extend > 1.5 m below the sediment surface. In cross-section, cores …
Observations On The Degradation Of Biogenic Material In The Deep Ocean With Implications On Accuracy Of Sediment Trap Fluxes, Wilford D. Gardner, Kenneth R. Hinga, John Marra
Observations On The Degradation Of Biogenic Material In The Deep Ocean With Implications On Accuracy Of Sediment Trap Fluxes, Wilford D. Gardner, Kenneth R. Hinga, John Marra
Journal of Marine Research
The results of several observations and experiments indicate that the decay of organic material inside and outside of sediment traps in the deep ocean is on the order of 0.1-1.0% day−. These results must be considered when using sediment traps to determine the flux of organic material through the water column. The effectiveness of poisons in traps has not been adequately determined since the concentration of poisons in traps has not been monitored. Even traps containing poison may lose organic matter through leaching or from rapid grazing. A model is presented to quantify the loss of organic carbon …
The Importance Of The Diffusive Permeability Of Animal Burrow Linings In Determining Marine Sediment Chemistry, Robert C. Aller
The Importance Of The Diffusive Permeability Of Animal Burrow Linings In Determining Marine Sediment Chemistry, Robert C. Aller
Journal of Marine Research
Many of the abundant burrows formed by animals in marine sediments are lined with thin layers of organic material. The permeability of these linings to solute diffusion can be an important determinant of the chemical composition of surrounding sediment and the burrow habitat. Measurement of the diffusive permeability of burrow linings from 8 species of marine invertebrates indicates that the diffusion coefficients of small inorganic solutes within linings are ∼ 10-40% that in free solution. The diffusion of anions, represented by Br−, is hindered somewhat relative to cations, represented by NH4+, indicating that linings have …
Why Is There No Deep Water Formed In The North Pacific?, Bruce A. Warren
Why Is There No Deep Water Formed In The North Pacific?, Bruce A. Warren
Journal of Marine Research
According to climatological data, the low salinity of near-surface water in the northern North Pacific, which reduces its density so much as to prevent sinking to great depth there, is due to the small regional evaporation rate (which allows a substantial net freshwater input to the surface layer from precipitation and runoff), in combination with the small rate of flow through the surface layer (which amplifies the effect of the freshwater flux on the salinity). The low evaporation rate is due in turn to the relatively low surface temperature (decreasing the specific humidity of the air at the air-sea interface), …
Synoptic Estimates Of Air-Sea Fluxes, Richard F. Marsden, Stephen Pond
Synoptic Estimates Of Air-Sea Fluxes, Richard F. Marsden, Stephen Pond
Journal of Marine Research
Synoptic and climatological dynamic studies generally rely on bulk aerodynamic flux formulae to describe air-sea heat and momentum exchange on synoptic and climatological scales. Barometric pressure maps (which involve an intrinsic spatial and temporal averaging of the wind) and wind roses provide two sources of spatial and temporal wind information for flux calculations. Several investigators have shown that time-averaged estimates of the fluxes based on vector-averaged winds systematically underestimate the actual time-averaged fluxes.Using surface meteorological observations from 9 weatherstations in the North Atlantic Ocean and 2 weatherstations in the North Pacific Ocean, the three hourly stresses, latent heat fluxes and …
On The Migration Of Isolated Eddies With Application To Gulf Stream Rings, Doron Nof
On The Migration Of Isolated Eddies With Application To Gulf Stream Rings, Doron Nof
Journal of Marine Research
An analytical model describing the β-induced drift of isolated nonlinear eddies such as the cold- and warm-core rings observed in the Atlantic Ocean is proposed. The ocean is approximated by two layers and attention is focused on frictionless upper ocean eddies whose surface area is finite. These isolated eddies are nonlinear in the sense that (a) the corresponding Rossby number is relatively large and (b) the interface vertical displacements ("amplitudes") are comparable to the upper layer undisturbed depth. Solutions for steadily translating eddies which carry their entire mass as they move are sought. Examination of the problem in a …
Exploratory Observations Of Abyssal Currents In The South Atlantic Near Vema Channel, William J. Schmitz Jr., Nelson G. Hogg
Exploratory Observations Of Abyssal Currents In The South Atlantic Near Vema Channel, William J. Schmitz Jr., Nelson G. Hogg
Journal of Marine Research
Vema Channel (nominal location 30S, 40W) is a major passage for the flow of Antarctic Bottom Water on its way northward from the Argentine Basin to the Brazil Basin. New data based on approximately year-long current meter deployments at abyssal depths yield mean or time-averaged kinetic energies as strong as 240 cm2s−2, and eddy kinetic energies from 8 to 40 cm2s−2. We observe a persistent northward flow of AABW with maximum speed near 40 cm s−1, as is found at abyssal depths in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream. The …
Modelling The Advection Of Vertically Migrating Shrimp Larvae, Peter C. Rothlisberg, John A. Church, Andrew M. G. Forbes
Modelling The Advection Of Vertically Migrating Shrimp Larvae, Peter C. Rothlisberg, John A. Church, Andrew M. G. Forbes
Journal of Marine Research
The role of larval advection in determining the complex, large-scale patterns of immigration of penaeid postlarvae in the Gulf of Carpentaria is investigated by modelling the interaction between diurnal vertical migration of larvae with wind-forced and tidal currents. Eight vertical migration schemes are modelled in which both the timing of the migration and the position of the larvae in the water column are varied. These schemes are then coupled with both two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of the currents of the Gulf, to examine horizontal advection of larvae. When the larvae migrate vertically with a diurnal period, their horizontal advection is …
A Dead Central American Coral Reef Tract: Possible Link With The Little Ice Age, Peter W. Glynn, Ellen M. Druffel, Robert B. Dunbar
A Dead Central American Coral Reef Tract: Possible Link With The Little Ice Age, Peter W. Glynn, Ellen M. Druffel, Robert B. Dunbar
Journal of Marine Research
Radiocarbon analyses, stable isotopic measurements and extensive field observations were made of coral reefs off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Panama. These analyses showed that live coral reefs in the Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica, were severely depleted in number, size and variety of species, compared to reefs in the major upwelling zone of the Gulf of Panama. Coral growth in the Gulf of Papagayo consisted mainly of dead reefs that died from 150–300 years B.P. The δ18O records revealed that most of the dead reefs were exposed to relatively cool water immediately preceding death. We …
Tidal Currents, Winds And The Morphology Of Phytoplankton Spatial Structures, M. Levasseur, J. C. Therriault, L. Legendre
Tidal Currents, Winds And The Morphology Of Phytoplankton Spatial Structures, M. Levasseur, J. C. Therriault, L. Legendre
Journal of Marine Research
Chlorophyll a, nutrients and salinity distributions were studied at two spatial scales (10 cm and 0.25 to 2.5 km) in the St. Lawrence Estuary (Quebec, Canada), in order to investigate the role of tidal currents and winds in the formation and maintenance of spatial structures. Data were collected according to a synoptic sampling pattern using three sampling platforms simultaneously, and they were analyzed using analysis of variance. The sampling pattern was repeated on four occasions during July 1980.Analyses of variance indicated significant spatial heterogeneities of about the same magnitude at the two scales studied for chlorophyll and nutrients, whereas …
The Relative Magnitude Of Biological And Physical Sediment Reworking In An Intertidal Community, Jonathan Grant
The Relative Magnitude Of Biological And Physical Sediment Reworking In An Intertidal Community, Jonathan Grant
Journal of Marine Research
Tidal sediment reworking was compared to biogenic reworking by benthic-feeding fishes and macrofaunal invertebrates on an intertidal sandflat in South Carolina. Flume-determined rates of ripple migration were combined with field measurements of current velocity to characterize physical reworking. Bioturbation by dasyatid rays was measured by counting newly formed feeding excavations at low tide. On both an areal and volumetric basis, ray reworking amounted to <1% of that reworked by ripple migration. Approximately 30% of the sediment surface was covered by feeding pits during the July maximum of ray activity, with only a small proportion of these newly formed per day. Sediment ingestion by the hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalevskii, was less important than ray bioturbation in comparison to tidal sediment reworking. Sediment displacement by free-burrowing haustoriid amphipods was estimated to be important relative to other biogenic sources, but still <1% of the disturbance produced by bedform migration. However, an abundant infaunal species, the polychaete Paraonis fulgens, …
Environmental Heterogeneity And Plankton Community Structure In The Central North Pacific, T. L. Hayward, E. L. Venrick, J. A. Mcgowan
Environmental Heterogeneity And Plankton Community Structure In The Central North Pacific, T. L. Hayward, E. L. Venrick, J. A. Mcgowan
Journal of Marine Research
Spatial and temporal patterns of heterogeneity in nutrients (PO4, NO3), integrated water column chlorophyll, integrated water column primary production, and macrozooplankton biomass in the central North Pacific are described on spatial scales ranging from less than one to several thousand kilometers and on temporal scales from one day to 12 years. Fluctuations in these properties represent an index of the biological response of the ecosystem to physical forcing on various scales. These patterns are an important aspect of ecosystem structure because environmental perturbations may affect the outcome of biological interactions between populations. Heterogeneity in each property …
Upwelling Rates For The Equatorial Pacific Ocean Derived From The Bomb 14c Distribution, P. D. Quay, M. Stuiver, W. S. Broecker
Upwelling Rates For The Equatorial Pacific Ocean Derived From The Bomb 14c Distribution, P. D. Quay, M. Stuiver, W. S. Broecker
Journal of Marine Research
A north-south cross section of bomb-produced radiocarbon (14C) in the upper 1000 m of the central equatorial Pacific Ocean (CEP) was measured in April, 1979 during Leg 3 of the NORPAX shuttle experiment. The 14C shows an equatorial mixed layer depletion of ∼40‰ compared to subtropical surface waters. Upwelling of deeper, 14C depleted water maintains this minimum. Two subsurface tongues of high 14C water, found north and south of the equator, are associated with high salinity water and probably result from exchange with subtropical surface water. The continued increase in mixed layer 14C levels …
An Analysis Of Subsequent Pregnancies In Women Requiring Ovulation Induction, Tammy C. Harris
An Analysis Of Subsequent Pregnancies In Women Requiring Ovulation Induction, Tammy C. Harris
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
An Analysis Of Prognostic Staging For Lung Cancer : A New Look, Daniel M. Sosin
An Analysis Of Prognostic Staging For Lung Cancer : A New Look, Daniel M. Sosin
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
Intermembrane Transfer Of Band 3, The Erythrocite Anion Transport Protein, From Sonicated Phospholipid Vesicles To Cells, Stephen Lloyd Cook
Intermembrane Transfer Of Band 3, The Erythrocite Anion Transport Protein, From Sonicated Phospholipid Vesicles To Cells, Stephen Lloyd Cook
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Growth Hormone On Attention In Children With Hypopituitary Short Stature, Eliot M. Gelwan
The Effects Of Growth Hormone On Attention In Children With Hypopituitary Short Stature, Eliot M. Gelwan
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Sea Ice Meltwater On The Alkalinity Of Seawater, E. P. Jones, A. R. Coote, E. M. Levy
Effect Of Sea Ice Meltwater On The Alkalinity Of Seawater, E. P. Jones, A. R. Coote, E. M. Levy
Journal of Marine Research
Alkalinity values in the top few hundred meters in Baffin Bay were about 100 μeq kg—1 above those expected from deeper values when the effect of salinity is removed. This “excess” alkalinity is attributed to calcium carbonate that precipitated from brines in sea ice and was subsequently reintroduced into the water column when the ice melted. The “excess” alkalinity is then used to estimate the amount of sea ice meltwater formed in Baffin Bay.
Vitamin B₆ Activation Of Erythrocyte Aspartate Apotransaminase, Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri
Vitamin B₆ Activation Of Erythrocyte Aspartate Apotransaminase, Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
Liposome Encapsulation Of Interferon : Effects On Anticellular Activity, Michael Tom
Liposome Encapsulation Of Interferon : Effects On Anticellular Activity, Michael Tom
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
Helium, Neon, And Tritium In The Black Sea, Z. Top, W. B. Clarke
Helium, Neon, And Tritium In The Black Sea, Z. Top, W. B. Clarke
Journal of Marine Research
Measurements of the 3He/4He ratio, and concentrations of helium, neon, and tritium have been made in samples collected at station 1355 in the Black Sea during the 1975 cruise of R/V Chain. Helium concentrations increase rapidly from 400 m to about 1000 m and then less rapidly below 1000 m. The maximum He concentration excess is about 16% above solubility equilibrium. Neon concentrations are constant, within a few percent of solubility equilibrium, below 400 m. The He-Ne data thus clearly indicate a large component of radiogenic 4He in the deep water from decay of U …
Light-Shade Adaptation And Vertical Mixing Of Marine Phytoplankton: A Comparative Field Study, Paul G. Falkowski
Light-Shade Adaptation And Vertical Mixing Of Marine Phytoplankton: A Comparative Field Study, Paul G. Falkowski
Journal of Marine Research
The hypothesis is examined that the recent light history of phytoplankton contains information about vertical mixing processes in the euphotic zone. Chlorophyll/P700 ratios are used to estimate the degree of light or shade adaptation in natural phytoplankton communities. Along with information about the time- and light-dependent rates of change of chlorophyll/P700 ratios, a model is presented to estimate how recently populations at the surface were at the 1% light depth and vice versa. The model is based on first-order kinetics and employs a temperature correction. The model is used to estimate vertical displacement rates (i.e., piston velocities) on …