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Intraseasonal Variability In The Makassar Strait Thermocline, Kandaga Pujiana, Arnold L. Gordon, Janet Sprintall, R. Dwi Susanto Jan 2009

Intraseasonal Variability In The Makassar Strait Thermocline, Kandaga Pujiana, Arnold L. Gordon, Janet Sprintall, R. Dwi Susanto

Journal of Marine Research

Intraseasonal variability [ISV] in the Makassar Strait thermocline is examined through the analysis of along-channel flow, regional sea level anomaly and wind fields from January 2004 through November 2006. The dominant variability of 45–90 day in the Makassar Strait along-channel flow is horizontally and vertically coherent and exhibits vertical energy propagation. The majority of the Makassar ISV is uncoupled to the energy exerted by the local atmospheric ISV: instead the Makassar ISV is due to the combination of a remotely forced baroclinic wave radiating from Lombok Strait and deep reaching ISV originating in the Sulawesi Sea. Thermocline depth changes associated …


Temporal And Spatial Variation In Infaunal Community Structure In Physically Active Continental Shelf Sediments At A Long-Term Ecosystem Observatory (Leo-15) Off New Jersey, Usa, J. Frederick Grassle, Patricia A. Ramey, Rosemarie F. Petrecca Jan 2009

Temporal And Spatial Variation In Infaunal Community Structure In Physically Active Continental Shelf Sediments At A Long-Term Ecosystem Observatory (Leo-15) Off New Jersey, Usa, J. Frederick Grassle, Patricia A. Ramey, Rosemarie F. Petrecca

Journal of Marine Research

When the LEO-15 (Long-term Ecosystem Observatory at 15-m depth) research area was designated around Beach Haven Ridge (39°27.69′ N, 74°15.81′ W) in the early 1990's several stations were selected to reflect the different physical regimes and habitats present in a highly dynamic shelf environment. This study determined the composition, diversity, and abundance of infaunal communities at three contrasting stations on five dates in 1994–1995. A unique sampling scheme was used where a nested design was combined with targeted sampling by divers of benthic topographic habitat features, namely crests and troughs of sand ripples. The total number of taxa collected was …


Polymorphisms And Biologic Effects Of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase In Asthma, Heather Wachtel Jan 2009

Polymorphisms And Biologic Effects Of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase In Asthma, Heather Wachtel

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

In this study, we hypothesize that human acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) binds and is regulated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and that AMCase interacts with Galectin-3 (Gal-3) to mediate anti-apoptotic functions. We further hypothesize that asthma-associated polymorphisms of AMCase alter chitinase activity and modulate anti-apoptotic effects. We investigated the interactions between AMCase, Gal-3 and EGFR by establishing binding and co-expression in vitro; apoptotic effects were evaluated via Annexin V/Propidium Iodide staining. Molecular cloning was performed to generate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AMCase associated with asthma. Our data showed that co-expression of AMCase and EGFR induces chitinase activity; …


Mixing In Cyclonic Eddies In The Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Angela Hibbert, Harry Leach, Volker Strass, Boris Cisewski Jan 2009

Mixing In Cyclonic Eddies In The Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Angela Hibbert, Harry Leach, Volker Strass, Boris Cisewski

Journal of Marine Research

Observations over a period of 39 days of the increasing minimum core temperature of Winter Water trapped within a mature cyclonic eddy in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current encouraged us to assess the mixing processes which might lead to this temperature rise. Using diffusive heat budgets for alternatively diapycnic (∼vertical) and then isopycnic (∼horizontal) mixing combined with the observed rate of warming allowed upper limits for diapycnic and isopycnic diffusivities to be inferred. This gave values of (3.3 ± 0.8) × 10−4m2s−1 and 87 ± 20m2s−1 for the diapycnic and isopycnic diffusivities respectively. …


On The Interannual Variability Of Nitrogen Fixation In The Subtropical Gyres, Fanny M. Monteiro, Michael J. Follows Jan 2009

On The Interannual Variability Of Nitrogen Fixation In The Subtropical Gyres, Fanny M. Monteiro, Michael J. Follows

Journal of Marine Research

Time-series observations of geochemical tracers and diazotroph abundances in the northern subtropical gyres suggest variability in nitrogen fixation on interannual and longer timescales. Using a highly idealized model of the biogeochemistry and ecology of a subtropical gyre, we explore the previously proposed hypothesis that such variability is regulated by an internal "biogeochemical oscillator." We find, in certain parameter regimes, self-sustained oscillations in nitrogen fixation, community structure and biogeochemical cycles even with perfectly steady physical forcing. During the oscillations of nitrogen fixation, "blooms" of diazotrophs occur at intervals between a year and several decades, consistent with the observed variability. The period …


Dynamics Of The Indonesian Seas Circulation. Part I – The Influence Of Bottom Topography On Temperature And Salinity Distributions, Kieran T. A. O'Driscoll, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich Jan 2009

Dynamics Of The Indonesian Seas Circulation. Part I – The Influence Of Bottom Topography On Temperature And Salinity Distributions, Kieran T. A. O'Driscoll, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich

Journal of Marine Research

The influence of bottom topography on the distribution of temperature and salinity in the Indonesian seas region has been studied with a high-resolution model based on the Princeton Ocean Model. One of the distinctive properties of the model is an adequate reproduction of all major topographic features in the region by the model bottom relief. The three major routes of flow of Pacific water through the region have been identified. The western route follows the flow of North Pacific Water through the Sulawesi Sea, Makassar Strait, Flores Sea, and Banda Sea. This is the main branch of the Indonesian Throughflow. …


Mass Transport In The Stokes Edge Wave, Jan Erik H. Weber, Peygham Ghaffari Jan 2009

Mass Transport In The Stokes Edge Wave, Jan Erik H. Weber, Peygham Ghaffari

Journal of Marine Research

The Lagrangian mass transport in the Stokes progressive edge wave is obtained from the vertically integrated equations of momentum and mass, correct to second order in wave steepness. The cross-shore momentum balance is between the mean pressure at the sloping bottom, the radiation stress, and the pressure gradient due to the mean surface slope. In the alongshore direction, the effect of viscosity leads to a wave attenuation, and hence a radiation stress component. The frictional effect on the mean Eulerian motion is modeled through a turbulent bottom drag. The alongshore momentum balance is between the mean pressure gradient due to …


A Linear Diffusivity Model Of Near-Surface, Cross-Shore Particle Dispersion From A Numerical Simulation Of Central California’S Coastal Ocean, Patrick T. Drake, Christopher A. Edwards Jan 2009

A Linear Diffusivity Model Of Near-Surface, Cross-Shore Particle Dispersion From A Numerical Simulation Of Central California’S Coastal Ocean, Patrick T. Drake, Christopher A. Edwards

Journal of Marine Research

A simple diffusion model of cross-shore mixing employing an inhomogeneous diffusivity is applied to near-surface particle dispersion within a high-resolution numerical model of the central California coastal ocean. The theoretical model employs a linear diffusivity, Ky = νy, where y is the cross-shore coordinate and ν a constant, as traditionally assumed for wall-layer flows. A realistic implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is used to generate hundreds of thousands of three-dimensional, passive particle trajectories. Particles were released daily along the inner shelf for one model year, 2002, tracked for 16 days and treated statistically as …


Irminger Current Anticyclones In The Labrador Sea Observed In The Hydrographic Record, 1990 –2004, Tatiana Rykova, Fiammetta Straneo, Jonathan M. Lilly, Igor Yashayaev Jan 2009

Irminger Current Anticyclones In The Labrador Sea Observed In The Hydrographic Record, 1990 –2004, Tatiana Rykova, Fiammetta Straneo, Jonathan M. Lilly, Igor Yashayaev

Journal of Marine Research

A significant fraction of the lateral heat transport into the Labrador Sea's interior, needed to balance the net heat loss to the atmosphere, is attributed to the Irminger Current Anticyclones. These mesoscale eddies advect warm, salty boundary current water, of subtropical origin, from the boundary current to the interior— but when or how they release their anomalous heat content has not been previously investigated. In this study, we discuss the seasonal and interannual evolution of these anticyclones as inferred from the analysis of hydrographic data from the Labrador Sea from 1990 to 2004. The 29 identified anticyclones fall into two …


Relative Dispersion In The Nordic Seas, I. Koszalka, J. H. Lacasce, K. A. Orvik Jan 2009

Relative Dispersion In The Nordic Seas, I. Koszalka, J. H. Lacasce, K. A. Orvik

Journal of Marine Research

We examine the relative dispersion of surface drifters deployed in the POLEWARD experiment in the Nordic Seas during 2007–2008. The drifters were launched in pairs and triplets, yielding 67 pairs with an initial separation of 2 km or less. There were 26 additional pairs from drifters which subsequently came near one another. As these produced statistically identical dispersion to the original pairs, we used them as well, yielding 93 pairs. The relative dispersion exhibits three phases. The first occurs during the first two days, at spatial scales less than 10 km. The dispersion increases approximately exponentially during this period, with …


Effects Of Surface Forcing On The Seasonal Cycle Of The Eastern Equatorial Pacific, D. E. Harrison, A. M. Chiodi, G. A. Vecchi Jan 2009

Effects Of Surface Forcing On The Seasonal Cycle Of The Eastern Equatorial Pacific, D. E. Harrison, A. M. Chiodi, G. A. Vecchi

Journal of Marine Research

The roles of zonal and meridional wind stress and of surface heat flux in the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) are examined with a primitive equation (PE) model of the tropical Pacific Ocean. While a variety of previous numerical and observational studies have examined the seasonal cycle of SST in the eastern tropical Pacific, it is noteworthy that different mechanisms have been invoked as primary in each case and different conclusions have been reached regarding the relative importance of the various components of surface forcing. Here, we perform a series of numerical experiments in which different components of …


Salt Flux Into Coastal River Plumes: Dye Studies In The Delaware And Hudson River Outflows, R. W. Houghton, R. J. Chant, Ana Rice, Charles Tilburg Jan 2009

Salt Flux Into Coastal River Plumes: Dye Studies In The Delaware And Hudson River Outflows, R. W. Houghton, R. J. Chant, Ana Rice, Charles Tilburg

Journal of Marine Research

The results of ten dye tracer experiments conducted in 2003–2006 to study the dispersion of the outflow of the Delaware and Hudson Rivers are presented. A fluorescent dye tracer was used to track the river plume and to measure directly the salt flux into the plume. A variety of flow regimes were encountered. During strong upwelling events, a salt flux of ∼3 ÷ 10–4 kg m s–1 at the leading edge of the plume implies a vertical diffusivity of Kz ∼ 3 × 10–4 m–2 s–1. Comparable salt flux was measured at the …


Measuring Turbulent Large-Eddy Structures With An Adcp. Part 2. Horizontal Velocity Variance, A. E. Gargett, A. E. Tejada-Martínez, C. E. Grosch Jan 2009

Measuring Turbulent Large-Eddy Structures With An Adcp. Part 2. Horizontal Velocity Variance, A. E. Gargett, A. E. Tejada-Martínez, C. E. Grosch

Journal of Marine Research

This paper considers the degree of accuracy with which observations from an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) can determine turbulent horizontal velocity variance. As in a previous paper addressing turbulent vertical velocity variance, we use a combination of techniques, deriving response functions from simple theory and from oceanic observations taken with a VADCP (an ADCP with an additional vertical (V) beam) in two different oceanic turbulent flows, Langmuir supercells (LSC) and unstable convection. In the case of LSC, we also determine response by sampling available Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) with specified beam geometry. In contrast with the previous investigation, where a …


Sensitivity Of Plankton Biomass And Productivity To Variations In Physical Forcing And Biological Parameters In Chesapeake Bay, Ming Li, Liejun Zhong, Lawrence W. Harding Jr. Jan 2009

Sensitivity Of Plankton Biomass And Productivity To Variations In Physical Forcing And Biological Parameters In Chesapeake Bay, Ming Li, Liejun Zhong, Lawrence W. Harding Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

A coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model is used to simulate plankton dynamics in Chesapeake Bay and examine its sensitivity to variations in biological parameters and physical forcing. The coupled biophysical model captures observed seasonal cycle and regional distributions of plankton in Chesapeake Bay and predicts the "phase lag" between the spring chlorophyll maximum and the summer primary productivity maximum. This lag traces to the delivery of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the winter-spring freshet from the Susquehanna River that fuels the spring bloom, whereas regenerated nutrients support high primary productivity in summer. The model shows that episodic wind events commonly associated with …


A Shallow Water Model Conserving Energy And Potential Enstrophy In The Presence Of Boundaries, Rick Salmon Jan 2009

A Shallow Water Model Conserving Energy And Potential Enstrophy In The Presence Of Boundaries, Rick Salmon

Journal of Marine Research

We extend a previously developed method for constructing shallow water models that conserve energy and potential enstrophy to the case of flow bounded by rigid walls. This allows the method to be applied to ocean models. Our procedure splits the dynamics into a set of prognostic equations for variables (vorticity, divergence, and depth) chosen for their relation to the Casimir invariants of mass, circulation and potential enstrophy, and a set of diagnostic equations for variables that are the functional derivatives of the Hamiltonian with respect to the chosen prognostic variables. The form of the energy determines the form of the …


Medicine@Yale November/December 2009 Volume 5, Issue 5, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2009

Medicine@Yale November/December 2009 Volume 5, Issue 5, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.


Creating A Path For High Quality Care: Implementation Of The Mini-Cex In A Student-Run Clinic, Paul Daniel Di Capua Jan 2009

Creating A Path For High Quality Care: Implementation Of The Mini-Cex In A Student-Run Clinic, Paul Daniel Di Capua

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Purpose: This study examines the utility of implementing the mini-CEX at a student-run primary care clinic. The mini-CEX is a validated tool for clinical skills feedback and evaluation. The implementation of the mini-CEX sought to improve quality standards in providers clinical skills, and therefore to set a model for continuous quality improvement in medical education. Hypothesis: The primary hypothesis tested is that a minimum of three mini-CEXs per week will produce a positive utility for both students and faculty. Methods: A needs-based analysis focus group solicited opinions on the mission and function of the clinic from the student-providers. The mini-CEX …


Subcellular Localization Of Nedd9 And Hmb45 With Aqua Technology To Distinguish Spitz Nevi From Melanoma, Matthew C. Mcrae Jan 2009

Subcellular Localization Of Nedd9 And Hmb45 With Aqua Technology To Distinguish Spitz Nevi From Melanoma, Matthew C. Mcrae

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF NEDD9 AND HMB45 WITH AQUA TECHNOLOGY TO DISTINGUISH SPITZ NEVI FROM MELANOMA. Matthew C. McRae, Rossitza Lasova, Bonnie Gould-Rothberg, David Rimm (Sponsored by Deepak Narayan). Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Our hypothesis is that the expression level and subcellular localization of HMB45 and NEDD9 as demonstrated by the ln(nuclear/non-nuclear) Automated Quantitative Analysis (AQUA) score, defined as the subcellular AQUA ratio, will be consistently altered between benign nevi and melanoma and between Spitz nevi and Spitzoid melanoma. Our specific aims are to assess quantitative expression and subcellular localization …


Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation In Elderly Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Joel Robert Green Jan 2009

Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation In Elderly Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Joel Robert Green

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Clinical trials investigating autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have historically excluded elderly patients due to the risk of treatment-related morbidity related to the administration of high dose chemotherapy. While the availability of this procedure continues to expand, the elderly still represent a population for which the role of ASCT needs to be fully defined. 201 patients who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for Non Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) at a single institution following BEAM conditioning between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2007 were retrospectively identified from the Yale University School of Medicine Bone Marrow Transplant Database. 67 patients were …


An Analysis Of The Dismal Theorem, William D. Nordhaus Jan 2009

An Analysis Of The Dismal Theorem, William D. Nordhaus

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

In a series of papers, Martin Weitzman has proposed a Dismal Theorem. The general idea is that, under limited conditions concerning the structure of uncertainty and preferences, society has an indefinitely large expected loss from high-consequence, low-probability events. Under such conditions, standard economic analysis cannot be applied. The present study is intended to put the Dismal Theorem in context and examine the range of its applicability, with an application to catastrophic climate change. I conclude that Weitzman makes an important point about selection of distributions in the analysis of decision-making under uncertainty. However, the conditions necessary for the Dismal Theorem …


Hemangiomas Of Infancy: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Tumors Of Perivascular Origin, Christopher Spock Jan 2009

Hemangiomas Of Infancy: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Tumors Of Perivascular Origin, Christopher Spock

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Introduction: Hemangiomas of infancy (HOI) are the most common benign tumor of childhood. Initially thought to be composed entirely of endothelial cells, it has recently been shown that mesenchymal stem cells reside within these tumors. We propose that hemangiomas represent mesenchymal stem cell tumors of pericyte origin, as demonstrated by expression of pericytic markers (NG2, PDGFR-β, and DLK), neural crest origin (expression of nestin and sox10), expression of factors that play a role in the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, C-myc, and piRNAs), and a microRNA expression profile suggestive of mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was …


From "The Poor Heathen" To "The Glory And Honour Of All Nations": Vocabularies Of Race And Custom In Protestant Missions, 1844-1928, Brian Stanley Jan 2009

From "The Poor Heathen" To "The Glory And Honour Of All Nations": Vocabularies Of Race And Custom In Protestant Missions, 1844-1928, Brian Stanley

Yale Divinity Library Occasional Publications

No abstract provided.


Identification Of A Cusp Catastrophe In A Gap-Leaping Western Boundary Current, Joseph J. Kuehl, Vitalii A. Sheremet Jan 2009

Identification Of A Cusp Catastrophe In A Gap-Leaping Western Boundary Current, Joseph J. Kuehl, Vitalii A. Sheremet

Journal of Marine Research

The Luzon Strait is an example of a location where a western boundary current must negotiate a gap in bathymetry. In the gap region, the current can exhibit multiple steady states (leaping the gap or penetrating the gap) and hysteresis (dependence on past flow state). Laboratory experiments on such flows are presented in order to investigate the system behavior in a two-dimensional parameter space of varying flow rate and platform rotation rate. The experiments were performed in a cylindrical tank on a one-meter rotating table. A semi-circular ridge with a gap was inserted over sloping bottom topography in the active …


Mechanisms Of Variability In A Convective Basin, Julie Deshayes, Fiammetta Straneo, Michael A. Spall Jan 2009

Mechanisms Of Variability In A Convective Basin, Julie Deshayes, Fiammetta Straneo, Michael A. Spall

Journal of Marine Research

An idealized model for a convective basin is used to investigate the mechanisms of variability of the formation and export of dense water. In this model, which consists of two isopycnic layers, dense water formation is induced by surface buoyancy loss in the interior, which is at rest. Newly formed dense water is transmitted to the surrounding boundary current through parameterized eddy fluxes. Variability in the formation and export of dense water is due to changes in the two main drivers: variations in the surface buoyancy fluxes and variations in the large-scale wind via a barotropic boundary current. Numerical integrations …


The Variability Of Currents And Sea Level In The Upper Delaware Estuary, Kuo-Chuin Wong, Christopher K. Sommerfield Jan 2009

The Variability Of Currents And Sea Level In The Upper Delaware Estuary, Kuo-Chuin Wong, Christopher K. Sommerfield

Journal of Marine Research

The variability of currents and sea levels in the upper Delaware estuary are examined based on measurements from bottom mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) deployed at two sites (New Castle and Tinicum) from 18 March to 10 June 2003. New Castle is located 104 km from the mouth, and Tinicum is located another 32 km up-estuary. Supplemental data, including sea level at the mouth of the estuary, river discharge, and wind speed and direction, were also obtained from various federal agencies. The instantaneous current represents a superposition of variability driven by the tide, wind, and river discharge. Over the …


Isentropic Averaging, Roland A. De Szoeke Jan 2009

Isentropic Averaging, Roland A. De Szoeke

Journal of Marine Research

The equations of motion, thermodynamics and scalar concentration are averaged separately over infra-grid scales (comprising roughly ocean microstructure scales) and sub-grid scales (encompassing 10–100 km scales), the latter average being carried out on constant potential temperature surfaces. (Since variation of salinity has been neglected, potential temperature is synonymous with entropy.) These methods of averaging are used to lend precision to statements about oceanic turbulent diffusion: that infra-grid scales are primarily responsible for dientropic diffusion; and that sub-grid scales are responsible for along-isentropic diffusion of passive scalars. Equivalent sets of averaged equations expressed either in isentropic coordinates or quasi-Cartesian coordinates can …


The Role Of Frizzled-1 And Frizzled-3 In Olfactory Sensory Neuronal Targeting, Mina Safain Jan 2009

The Role Of Frizzled-1 And Frizzled-3 In Olfactory Sensory Neuronal Targeting, Mina Safain

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

THE ROLE OF FRIZZLED-1 AND FRIZZLED-3 IN OLFACTORY SENSORY NEURONAL TARGETING. Mina G. Safain. Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. While most areas of the brain do not exhibit profound neurogenesis or continuing synaptogenesis in the adult, there are notable exceptions which include the olfactory and hippocampal regions of the nervous system. In the olfactory system the olfactory sensory neurons continually turn over and extend their axons into the olfactory bulb in a highly precise manner. Some preliminary data exists that suggests the presence of Wnt and Frizzled (Fz) family members in the primary olfactory …


The Coming Transformation: Values To Sustain Human And Natural Communities, Stephen R. Kellert, James Gustave Speth Jan 2009

The Coming Transformation: Values To Sustain Human And Natural Communities, Stephen R. Kellert, James Gustave Speth

Yale School of the Environment Publications Series

No abstract provided.


Medicine@Yale January/February 2009 Volume 5, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2009

Medicine@Yale January/February 2009 Volume 5, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.


Medicine@Yale May/June 2009 Volume 5, Issue 3, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2009

Medicine@Yale May/June 2009 Volume 5, Issue 3, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.