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Medicine@Yale September/October 2009 Volume 5, Issue 4, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Medicine@Yale March/April 2009 Volume 5, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Facts & Figures 2009 Yale School Of Medicine, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Facts & Figures – annual Yale School of Medicine numbers

Provided by the Office of Communications, the Facts and Figures brochure is produced annually as a way to provide a snapshot of key facts and data related to the School of Medicine as well as the Medical Campus. This includes enrollment data, research activity, financial summaries, and more.

Bar-Gill And Warren, Making Credit Safer, Oren Bar-Gil, Elizabeth Warren

Documents

No abstract provided.

Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin Of The School Of Medicine, Autumn 2008- Spring 2009, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This volume contains Yale Medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.43 (Autumn 2008-Spring 2009). Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965).

Digitized with funding from the Arcadia fund, 2017.

The Climate Crisis And The Adaptation Myth, Robert Repetto

Yale School of the Environment Publications Series

No abstract provided.

Time Interval To Diagnosis Of Bladder Cancer And Its Associated Outcomes, Lara Suh

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a prolonged delay in diagnosis of bladder cancer will result in worse outcomes for those patients, compared to those patients with a shorter diagnostic time interval. Data was collected on 247 patients newly diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder from January 1996 to December 2006 (10 years). The medical records of these patients were reviewed for demographics, pathological stage, date of consultation to the genitourinary (GU) service, and date of diagnosis by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). The specialty delay was calculated as the time between the date …

Improved Generation Of Anti-Tumor Immunity By Antigen Dose Limitation, Joshua Shofner

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The malignant cells of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) display immunogenic peptides derived from the clonal T cell receptor (TCR) providing an attractive model for refinement of anti-tumor immunization methodology. To produce a clinically meaningful anti-tumor response, induction of cytotoxic anti-CTCL cells must be maximized while suppressive T regulatory cells (Treg) should be minimized. We have demonstrated that engulfment of apoptotic CTCL cells by dendritic cells (DC) can lead to either CD8 anti-CTCL responses or immunosuppressive Treg induction. Treg generation is favored when the number of apoptotic cells available for ingestion is high. In this study, we sought to determine …

Innovation And Equilibrium?, Martin Shubik

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

A discussion is given of the problems involved in the formal modeling of the innovation process. The link between innovation and finance is stressed. The nature of how the circular flow of funds is broken and the role of finance in evaluation and control is discussed.

Interim Report 30 June 2008, Hypo Alpe Adria Bank

Documents

No abstract provided.

The Production Of Child Health In Kenya: A Structural Model Of Birth Weight, Germano Mwabu

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Hiram Bingham’S Expedition And The Peruvian Response: A Connecticut Yanqui In The Land Of The Incas, Aaron Wiener

Kaplan Senior Essay Prize for Use of Library Special Collections

On June 15, 1915, the renowned Yale historian-turned-explorer Hiram Bingham III returned from a three-week trek along the Salcantay trail to find his Ollantaytambo headquarters occupied by four hostile young Peruvian men. In the name of the Instituto Histórico del Cuzco, they accused him of violating the prefect’s decree prohibiting the excavation of Inca sites in the vicinity. Their suspicions were not unwarranted. Lining the walls of the office were large wooden cases, full of archaeological specimens. They demanded to investigate the contents of the boxes, charging that Bingham was smuggling gold and treasures out of Peru by way of …

Structural Basis Of Bilayer Deformation By Membrane-Associated Scaffolds, Adam Frost

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The assembly of amphipathic lipids into fluid bilayers that are impermeable to macromolecules is fundamental to the existence of viruses, organelles, and cells. Conversely, membrane compartmentalization poses problems, since essential processes like cell division, cell migration, endo-, exo-, and transcytosis all require cells to remodel and even break their membranes without opening lethal leaks. Evolutionary forces have consequently generated proteins that can reversibly mold membranes into planes, spheres, cylinders, and saddle-shaped surfaces. Principally, the BAR (Bin, Amphiphysin, RVS) domain superfamily of proteins are recruited from the cytoplasm to induce or stabilize states of high membrane curvature, while the Dynamin superfamily …

Serum Proteomic Profiles In Inflammatory And Non-Inflammatory Cardiomyopathies: A Novel Approach For Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery, Oyere Onuma

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The aim of this project is to develop a noninvasive serum test that predicts histologic forms of myocarditis (inflammatory) and dilated (non-inflammatory) cardiomyopathy using proteomic techniques to analyze serum proteins. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myocarditis (myocardial inflammation) represent a spectrum of heart muscle disease of various etiologies that usually present with progressive heart failure. Together, they constitute the leading cause of heart transplantation in the United States. Currently, the gold standard of diagnosis of myocarditis is by endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) and histopathological classification according to the Dallas Criteria ; however this diagnostic technique is severely limited by its invasiveness, …

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Enables Direct Derivation Of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors From Cns Stem Cells, Rajesh Rao

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Oligodendrocytes derived in the laboratory from stem cells have been proposed as a treatment for acute and chronic injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Platelet-derived growth factor-receptor alpha (PDGFRα) signaling is known to play an important role for regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell numbers both during development and adulthood. Here, we analyze the effect of PDGFRα signaling on CNS stem cells derived from embryonic day 13.5 murine cortex and cultured in monolayer. Fetal and adult CNS stem cells express PDGFRα, and PDGF-AA treatment increases viability and proliferation of these cells. In the absence of insulin, this effect of PDGF-AA …

Epi-Genetic Abnormalities Of Infantile Hemangiomas: Regulation Of The Igf2/H19 Locus, Brent Schultz

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Purpose: To investigate the epi-genetic regulation of Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) and its reciprocally imprinted transcript H19 in infantile hemangiomas. Introduction: Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most common childhood tumor of the head and neck. Despite their prevalence and potentially morbid sequelae, little is known regarding the pathogenesis of this disease. However, a tumorigenic molecule, Insulin Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2), has been implicated by microarray and confirmatory Real-Time PCR studies. There is substantial documentation that methylation abnormalities within the IGF2 and neighboring H19 loci are related to the overproduction of IGF2 in many distinct tumor types. An …

The Immunoepidemiology Of Hookworm Infection In The Peruvian Amazon, Priya Shete

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Hookworm infection caused by Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus is a significant global health threat, causing chronic anemia, malnutrition, developmental delay, enteritis, and increased susceptibility to non-parasitic diseases. One of the most prevalent of the neglected tropical diseases, hookworm infection affects almost 1 billion people worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Current methods for diagnosis and treatment of hookworm infection are largely the same as they have been for the past century. However, several recent advances in the molecular characterization of hookworm virulence factors now provide researchers with an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, potential targets for treatment and novel antigens …

The Infant And Effects Of Parental Presence In The Operating Room During Induction Of Anesthesia, Deborah Kaplan

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Previous studies have investigated the physiological and behavioral effects of parental presence in the operating room during the induction of anesthesia (PPIA) both on the child and the parent. Since the characterization of anxiety in infants presents a unique challenge due to their inability to communicate verbally, these studies have typically focused on children greater than two years old. In the present study we addressed this understudied population directly by using highly reliable and validated behavioral instruments as well as analyzing sleep patterns and signs of distress in the infants. The hypothesis tested was the same as in the older …

Nigerian Women Living In The United States Are More Hirsute Than Those Living In Nigeria., Kikelomo Olorunrinu

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

This study was to determine if there exists a difference in the rate of hirsutism in genetically similar women in two different environments. 112 Nigerian women living in the U.S.A and 70 women living in Nigeria were surveyed. All women completed a pictorial survey scoring peripheral hair growth in 6 body areas from 0 (no significant hair growth) to 4 (severe hair growth). Total hirsutism score was calculated as a sum of individual scores. The survey also included demographic data, menstrual history, and data regarding use of hormonal treatments. Statistical comparisons between groups included t-test, nonparametric tests and chi-square test. …

Early Seizure Blockade: Preventing Long-Term Epileptic Activity In Wag/Rij Rats, April Levin

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study was to determine how early seizure blockade with ethosuximide (ESX) would influence ion channel expression and long-term spike-wave discharge (SWD) activity in epileptic WAG/Rij rats. The goal was to elucidate the question Do seizures beget seizures? in a genetically prone model and if so, to attempt to interrupt this cycle by early intervention. In our first experiment, we used immunocytochemistry to determine the effect of ESX on cortical expression of ion channels in treated and untreated WAG/Rij rats and age-matched Wistar controls. This experiment revealed that treatment with ESX blocked the upregulation of Nav1.1 and …

Efficacy Of 180 Versus 360 Degrees Of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty On Lowering Intraocular Pressure, Robert Mcglynn

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study was to determine if the application of 360° of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to the trabecular meshwork (TM) is more effective than 180° in the lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma. This issue was addressed in the form of a retrospective chart review of patients treated consecutively with SLT for primary open angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Patients were treated with either 180° of SLT by Dr. Wand or 360° by Dr. Martone using a 532nm, Q-switched, frequency doubled Nd:Yag laser. Only the initial treatment with SLT of a given eye was …

A ‘Dual’-Improved Shortcut To The Long Run, Kareen Rozen

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

I use the theories of duality and optimal branchings to find a necessary and sufficient characterization of stochastically stable limit sets (SSLS) that helps improve the radius — modified coradius test of Ellison (2000). The improved shortcut I offer may permit the identification of SSLS when Ellison’s radius — modified coradius test fails to identify any, or may be able to pinpoint the true SSLS in cases where Ellison’s test identifies only a superset. I also demonstrate precisely why the radius — modified coradius test is not universally applicable and illuminate the connection between the modified coradius and the Lagrange …

The Virtues And Vices Of Equilibrium And The Future Of Financial Economics, J. Doyne Farmer, John Geanakoplos

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The use of equilibrium models in economics springs from the desire for parsimonious models of economic phenomena that take human reasoning into account. This approach has been the cornerstone of modern economic theory. We explain why this is so, extolling the virtues of equilibrium theory; then we present a critique and describe why this approach is inherently limited, and why economics needs to move in new directions if it is to continue to make progress. We stress that this shouldn’t be a question of dogma, but should be resolved empirically. There are situations where equilibrium models provide useful predictions and …

Cadherin-Based Adhesion Molecules For Classification Of Melanoma With Aqua Technology, Gretchen Melaine Graff

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Cadherin and catenin-family proteins regulate adhesion in malignant melanoma. Using AQUA (Automated Quantitative Analysis) to quantitate the levels of alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, p120-catenin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and P-cadherin in melanoma on tissue microarrays (TMAs), we classified 513 patients by protein expression using hierarchical clustering and regression analysis. The dendrogram supported positive correlations seen upon Spearman rho analysis of P-cadherin and beta-catenin (r=0.5238, p<0.0001) and negative, weak association of N-cadherin with other markers. Patients with high expression of N-cadherin had the highest 20-year survival rate (p=0.0003). Our adherens protein molecular classification of melanoma defines at least two distinctive sub-populations of melanoma patients, those with high expression of N-cadherin and those with low expression who have decreased survival. These findings extend previous cDNA array-based findings of an epithelioid class and neural crest class of melanomas.

Inhibition Of Erbb2 And Thymidylate Synthase By A Multi-Targeted Small-Interfering Rna In Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines, Rebecca Stephanie Hunter

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The therapeutic potential of a novel multi-targeted small-interfering RNA (siRNA) was investigated in human breast cancer cells. Previous studies had identified an siRNA that specifically and potently inhibited expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) by directly targeting human TS mRNA. TS is a folate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the key reaction involved in synthesizing nucleotide precursors for DNA biosynthesis, and as such, it plays a critical role in maintaining cell growth. The goal of this thesis was to design and develop a novel siRNA molecule that targeted TS mRNA as well as a cellular mRNA that encodes a different cellular protein involved …

Bone Marrow Contribution To Renal Repair Following Ischemic Injury, Matthew Chandler Egalka

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Repair of the mammalian renal tubular epithelium following ischemia/reperfusion injury is largely effected by surviving epithelial cells and other cells resident in the kidney interstitium; however, the precise nature of the contribution of circulating extrarenal cells is unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine whether bone marrow cells have the capacity to differentiate into renal tubular epithelium. This was investigated using both an ex vivo transplantation model as well as an attempt to grow epithelial cells from bone marrow in a liquid culture system. Recipient female C57BL/6 mice were myeloablated via irradiation and transplanted in-travenously with lineage-depleted syngeneic …

Sex And The Elderly: What Physicians Should Know About Their Older Patients, Jana Colton

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

This study is intended to explore how physicians can best help their older patients attain a better quality of life through sexual healthcare by eliciting older patients perceptions and experiences regarding their sexual health needs and what role their physician should play in meeting those needs. Participants consisted of individuals and couples over the age of 65 recruited from a continuing care retirement community and from a VA Geriatric Clinic. Twenty in-depth, one-on-one interviews were conducted, and transcripts were analyzed using qualitative methodology. Analysis of transcripts revealed a broad range of findings including seniors perceptions of: the definitions of sexual …

Efficacy Of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens Prior To Resection Of Colorectal Liver Metastases, Farrah Mikhail Datko

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

While new treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer continue to be developed, the ideal neoadjuvant regimen prior to resection of liver metastases is still unknown. The primary goal of this study was to compare disease-free survival outcomes in patients who received oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens prior to resection of colorectal liver metastases. A retrospective chart review was performed of all 27 patients who underwent liver resection of colorectal cancer metastases at Yale-New Haven Hospital between January 2003 and December 2005. Records were reviewed for details of initial diagnosis, treatment regimen(s) prior to resection of hepatic metastases, results of surgical …

Inflammatory And Thrombotic Responses To Microbial Products In Fetal Vessels Are Mediated Through Divergent Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways: Implications In Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Shekar Ligia Davarya

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Placental vessels and the umbilical circulatory network function to carry oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. It is at this level that placental lesions such as villitis, obliterative vasculopathy, and thrombotic vasculopathy have been observed in association with fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) and cerebral palsy. We used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model to study the regulation of inflammation and thrombosis in fetal vessels by microbial products. In this thesis we measured interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tissue factor (TF) expression by HUVECs treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), poly (I:C) (PIC), and peptidoglycan (PG). Our results show a profound …

Mitral Cell Dendritic Development In The Mouse Main Olfactory Bulb, Masha Rand Diede

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Correct targeting and differentiation of the mitral cell (MC) dendrites in the olfactory bulb (OB) is clearly essential for development of functional neuronal circuits. MCs, the primary OB projection neurons, receive odor information from OSN axons via axodendritic synapses on their apical dendrite; the signal is further processed via dendrodendritic synapses on MC lateral dendrites. In the adult, each MC cell apical dendrite targets a single glomerulus, ending in a characteristic glomerular tuft and receiving input from molecularly defined subsets of OSNs. MC lateral dendrites segregate deep to the glomerular layer, in a sublamina of the external plexiform layer. MC …