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Stress, Serotonin Transporter Genotype, And Emotion Processing In Children, Amy Meadows May 2009

Stress, Serotonin Transporter Genotype, And Emotion Processing In Children, Amy Meadows

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Child maltreatment is a significant contributor to psychopathology, including depressive disorders and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Multiple studies have demonstrated important changes in emotion processing and regulation in children exposed to early life stress, but the underlying neural mechanism is unknown. There is significant variability in outcome in children exposed to early life stress which may be moderated by genetic polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter. This study was designed as a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging project using dichotic listening to study emotion-processing pathways and interhemispheric transfer. Eighteen children were recruited in a two-by-two factorial design with maltreatment and serotonin genotype …

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Radiation Is An Important Component Of Multimodality Therapy For Pediatric Supratentorial Non-Pineal Neuroectodermal Tumors, Sean Mcbride May 2009

Radiation Is An Important Component Of Multimodality Therapy For Pediatric Supratentorial Non-Pineal Neuroectodermal Tumors, Sean Mcbride

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Purpose: We reviewed a historical cohort of pediatric patients with supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (sPNET) in order to clarify the role of radiation in the treatment of these tumors. Patients and Methods: Fifteen children <18 years old with non-pineal sPNETs diagnosed between 1992 and 2006 were identified. Initial therapy consisted of surgical resection and chemotherapy (CT) in all patients and up-front radiotherapy (RT) in 5 patients. Five patients had RT at the time of progression and five received no RT whatsoever. Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall-survival (OS) were then calculated. Results: The median follow-up from diagnosis for all patients was 31 months (range 0.5-165) and for surviving patients was 49 months (range 10-165). Of the 5 patients who received up-front RT, all were alive without evidence of disease at a median follow-up of 50 months (range 25-165). Only 5 of the 10 patients who did not receive up-front RT were alive at last follow-up. There was a statistically significant difference in overall survival between the group of patients that received up-front RT and the group that did not (P=0.048). Additionally, we found a trend toward a statistically significant improvement in overall-survival for those patients that received gross total resections (P=0.10). Conclusions: Up-front radiotherapy and gross total resection may confer a survival benefit in patients with sPNET. Local failure was the dominant pattern of recurrence. Efforts should be made to determine patients most likely to have local failure exclusively or as a first recurrence in order to delay or eliminate cranio-spinal irradiation (CSI).

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Diminished Circulating Monocytes After Peripheral Bypass Surgery For Critical Limb Ischemia, Dania Magri May 2009

Diminished Circulating Monocytes After Peripheral Bypass Surgery For Critical Limb Ischemia, Dania Magri

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Introduction: Mononuclear cells (MNCs) have been shown to increase neovascularization and ulcer healing after direct injection into the ischemic limbs of patients with unreconstructable peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Circulating MNCs are composed of lymphocytes (85%), monocytes (15%) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs; 0.03%). It is thought that MNCs may be effective in ameliorating ischemia since EPCs are a component of the monocyte fraction, and EPCs have been shown to participate in vascular healing. We hypothesized that ischemic areas secrete paracrine signals such as cytokines and growth factors that recruit bone marrow-derived monocytes into the circulation in order to augment vascular …

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Localized Biliary Ischemia In Patients With Hepatic Arteriovenous Malformations, A Newly Recognized Syndrome Occurring In Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Diagnosis And Management, Rasha Khoury Apr 2009

Localized Biliary Ischemia In Patients With Hepatic Arteriovenous Malformations, A Newly Recognized Syndrome Occurring In Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Diagnosis And Management, Rasha Khoury

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The clinical manifestations of hepatic arteriovenous malformations (HAVMs) were elucidated. A review of the literature was undertaken to better understand how HAVMs specifically affect the biliary system. A retrospective review of the 50 patients with HAVMs seen at the Yale University HHT Center was done, including clinical manifestation, intervention and outcome analysis. Of 50 adults with HAVM, median age was 64 (range 17-73) and 84% were female. Initially 74% were classified as Type 1, symptomatic heart failure, 16% as Type 2, portal hypertension, and 10% as Type 3, biliary abnormalities. In Type 1 conversion to Type 3 was associated with …

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Nota Bene; Volume Xxiv, Number I, Yale University Library Apr 2009

Nota Bene; Volume Xxiv, Number I, Yale University Library

Nota Bene

Nota Bene is published during the academic year to acquaint the Yale community and others with the resources of the Yale Library.

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The Ethics Of Distribution In A Warming Planet, John E. Roemer Apr 2009

The Ethics Of Distribution In A Warming Planet, John E. Roemer

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The discounted-utilitarian social welfare function (DU) is used by the great majority of researchers studying intergenerational resource allocation in the presence of climate change (e.g., W. Nordhaus, M. Weitzman, N. Stern, and P. Dasgupta). I present three justifications for using DU: (1) the view that the first generation’s preferences should be hegemonic, (2) the viewpoint of a utilitarian Ethical Observer who maximizes expected utility when the existence of future generations is uncertain, and (3) axiomatic justifications (as in classical social-choice theory). I argue that only justification (2) provides an ethically convincing justification, and that, only if one endorses utilitarianism as …

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Educational And Behavioral Interventions To Reduce Isocyanate Exposure In Auto Body Shops, Liza Goldman Huertas Mar 2009

Educational And Behavioral Interventions To Reduce Isocyanate Exposure In Auto Body Shops, Liza Goldman Huertas

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Isocyanates are a major cause of occupational asthma. To reduce worker exposure to isocyanates, we conducted a prospective field intervention study of educational and behavioral feedback interventions. 14 auto body shops were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups; 103 workers from these shops consented to study participation. Original surveys of exposure-related Knowledge and Attitudes and Self-Reported Behavior were administered and behaviors were observed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. The intervention group participated in the full intervention with behavioral feedback continued throughout the first 6 months; the control group had no formal interventions until, at 6 months, they received …

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Reproductive Desires And Intentions Among Hiv-Infected Individuals In Chennai, India, Elizabeth Houle Mar 2009

Reproductive Desires And Intentions Among Hiv-Infected Individuals In Chennai, India, Elizabeth Houle

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Despite the personal and cultural importance of childbearing in India, limited information exists on the extent of childbearing desires and intentions among HIV-infected individuals in this setting. The purpose of this study was to measure the extent of childbearing desires among HIV-infected individuals in Chennai, India, thereby testing the hypothesis that HIV significantly influences the desire to have children. Three hundred HIV-infected individuals were interviewed about childbearing desires and intentions during routine visits for HIV care at an HIV specialty care clinic in Chennai, South India. Sixteen percent of participants expressed desire for childbearing, and 9% expressed intention to have …

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Functional Analysis Of Ccm3: A Gene Contributing To Cerebral Cavernous Malformations, Ryan Matthew Hebert Feb 2009

Functional Analysis Of Ccm3: A Gene Contributing To Cerebral Cavernous Malformations, Ryan Matthew Hebert

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are a group of homogenous lesions in the brain, spinal cord and retina that consist of focal sinusoidal dilatations of vasculature which can lead to devastating life-altering and/or life-ending events such as seizure and hemorrhagic stroke. CCM exhibit compromised blood brain barrier due to perturbed endothelial cell to endothelial cell tight junctions, resulting in chronic hemorrhage. Linkage analysis has led to the identification of three loci which segregate to familial CCM (CCM1, CCM2 and CCM3). Previous studies have identified PDCD10 as the gene responsible for CCM3. Recent in vitro data have implicated PDCD10 in apoptosis and …

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Relationship Of Serum S100b And Intracranial Injury In Children With Accidental Closed Head Trauma, Sarah Frasure Feb 2009

Relationship Of Serum S100b And Intracranial Injury In Children With Accidental Closed Head Trauma, Sarah Frasure

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

S100B, a calcium-dependent protein produced by astroglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and by chondrocytes, functions as both a neurotrophin and neurotoxin. It has a half-life in the systemic circulation of approximately six hours. We examined whether serum levels of S100B would be predictive of intracranial injury (ICI) in children, as detected by cranial computed tomography (CT), in children with closed head trauma (CHT). In addition, we evaluated the effect of long bone fractures on the level of S100B in children with both CHT and extracranial injuries such as long bone fractures. One hundred fifty-two children, who presented …

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Genotypic Confirmation Of Transimmunization-Induced Dendritic Cell Maturation, Kristin Elizabeth Hoffmann Feb 2009

Genotypic Confirmation Of Transimmunization-Induced Dendritic Cell Maturation, Kristin Elizabeth Hoffmann

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Transimmunization (TI), a novel modification of the widely used immunotherapy extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP), induces conversion of processed monocytes into cells expressing phenotypic and functional features of dendritic antigen presenting cells (DC). To further characterize TI-induced DC, we analyzed differential gene expression in the monocyte/DC population after TI treatment. Because ECP, the therapy upon which TI is based, has the unique capacity to induce both anti-cancer immune responses in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients and tolerogenic responses in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), we studied TI-induced gene expression changes in both of these patient populations as well as in healthy normal control …

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Inside The Meltdown, Charles Duhigg Feb 2009

Inside The Meltdown, Charles Duhigg

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Recruitment In Child Psychiatry: The Impact Of A Voluntary Fellowship Program On Medical Students Career Decisions, Eric Arzubi Jan 2009

Recruitment In Child Psychiatry: The Impact Of A Voluntary Fellowship Program On Medical Students Career Decisions, Eric Arzubi

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

This study was designed to measure interest in child and adolescent psychiatry among medical students and to assess the impact of an innovative medical student fellowship program on that interest. Students (N = 916) from ten medical schools completed an online survey designed to measure their interest in child and adolescent psychiatry and their understanding of the subspecialty. Students (N = 123) participating in a voluntary child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship offered at six of the ten medical schools completed an online survey designed to evaluate the quality of their experience and to measure the impact of the fellowship program …

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Spatial Interactions In The Macoma Balthica Community Control Biogeochemical Fluxes At The Sediment-Water Interface And Microbial Abundances, Emma Michaud, Gaston Desrosiers, Robert C. Aller, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Bjorn Sundby, Georges Stora Jan 2009

Spatial Interactions In The Macoma Balthica Community Control Biogeochemical Fluxes At The Sediment-Water Interface And Microbial Abundances, Emma Michaud, Gaston Desrosiers, Robert C. Aller, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Bjorn Sundby, Georges Stora

Journal of Marine Research

We examined how interactions among the three dominant species of the Macoma balthica community in the St-Lawrence estuary influence net biogeochemical fluxes and the composition of the sedimentary bacterial community. We manipulated the biodiversity of the community via combinations of Macoma balthica, Mya arenaria, and Nereis virens in sediment microcosms containing sieved and homogenized tidal-flat sediment. Each combination was adjusted to similar total biovolumes and in situ animal densities. Compared to treatments with single species, which were also adjusted to similar biovolumes and densities, combinations of multiple species changed the fluxes of oxygen, phosphate, ammonium, and nitrate across the sediment-water …

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Henry Sears (1913–1982), George Veronis Jan 2009

Henry Sears (1913–1982), George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

Henry Sears led a remarkably varied life centered on a love of sailing, racing and fishing. Even as a youngster he spent considerable time at sea because he had asthma and in those days sea air was considered beneficial for one with that ailment. He owned a Swampscott Dory at the age of eight and soon afterwards was sailing a 30-footer from Boston to the Maine coast. His education was unusual. It seems that he was dyslexic, although at the time of his birth dyslexia was not identified as such. During his childhood his family spent three months of the …

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Floral Patterns In The California Current: The Coastal-Offshore Boundary Zone, E. L. Venrick Jan 2009

Floral Patterns In The California Current: The Coastal-Offshore Boundary Zone, E. L. Venrick

Journal of Marine Research

This study quantified the vertical distributions of 294 taxa of phytoplankton from 112 samples in a vertical section across the California Current system off Southern California. The goal was to examine the relationship between coastal and offshore floras throughout the euphotic zone. The two associations were distinct throughout the upper 140 m. The coastal flora was found in water adjacent to and east of the Santa Rosa Ridge. The offshore flora occurred west of the California Current, and also at the station immediately east of the current, presumably the result of upstream entrainment across it. Both coastal and offshore floras …

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Rossby Wave Radiation From An Eastward Jet And Its Recirculations, Genta Mizuta Jan 2009

Rossby Wave Radiation From An Eastward Jet And Its Recirculations, Genta Mizuta

Journal of Marine Research

A series of numerical experiments is carried out to investigate in detail the properties of the variability radiated from a baroclinic jet and its recirculations. Driven by an inflow from the western boundary, an eastward jet and two recirculation gyres are formed in the statistically steady state. The variability of velocity away from the recirculation gyres is as strong as that near the jet at deeper depths, and the structure of this velocity variability was analysed by using the technique of Frequency-Domain Empirical Orthogonal Functions (FDEOFs). Motions represented by the first FDEOFs consist of the barotropic Rossby waves of various …

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Dynamics Of The Indonesian Seas Circulation. Part Ii – The Role Of Pressure Head, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, Kieran T. A. O'Driscoll, Dmitri A. Nechaev Jan 2009

Dynamics Of The Indonesian Seas Circulation. Part Ii – The Role Of Pressure Head, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, Kieran T. A. O'Driscoll, Dmitri A. Nechaev

Journal of Marine Research

The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of the pressure head, i.e., the difference of total pressure forces acting on the Indonesian seas waters from the western Pacific and the eastern Indian Ocean, in driving the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and in determining the total transport of the ITF. These questions have been discussed in the literature but no consensus has been reached. A regional model of the Indonesian seas circulation has been developed that properly resolves all major topographic features in the region. The results of model runs have been used to calculate all components of the …

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Winter Advection Of Iron Can Explain The Summer Phytoplankton Bloom That Extends 1000 Km Downstream Of The Kerguelen Plateau In The Southern Ocean, M. M. Mongin, E. R. Abraham, T. W. Trull Jan 2009

Winter Advection Of Iron Can Explain The Summer Phytoplankton Bloom That Extends 1000 Km Downstream Of The Kerguelen Plateau In The Southern Ocean, M. M. Mongin, E. R. Abraham, T. W. Trull

Journal of Marine Research

The predominantly low-chlorophyll conditions of the Southern Ocean are punctuated by regions of elevated phytoplankton biomass, including a bloom in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) that extends for 1000 km downstream of the Kerguelen-Heard islands. Summer-time studies have demonstrated that iron from the islands and intervening shallow plateau (300–600 m) fuels localized production. Whether this supply, or alternatively iron brought to the surface by enhanced mixing in ACC eddies, drives the more extensive downstream bloom has not been addressed. We show that the extent and shape of the downstream bloom can be reproduced by simulating the winter-time spread of a …

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Deep Cyclogenesis By Synoptic Eddies Interacting With A Seamount, Andrew D. Greene, Georgi G. Sutyrin, D. Randolph Watts Jan 2009

Deep Cyclogenesis By Synoptic Eddies Interacting With A Seamount, Andrew D. Greene, Georgi G. Sutyrin, D. Randolph Watts

Journal of Marine Research

Strong deep eddies with cyclonic vorticity greater than 0.2 f0 were detected using an array of bottom current and pressure measurements in the Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS) in 2004–2006. Daily maps showed these deep eddies developed locally. As in the Gulf Stream, meandering of the upper baroclinic jet generates deep cyclones and anticyclones by stretching and squashing the lower water column. However, unlike the Gulf Stream, the smaller vertical stretching and greater water depth in the Kuroshio Extension limits the relative vorticity generated by this vertical coupling process to about 0.1 f0. In the deep Kuroshio …

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Intermittent Layering In The Atlantic Equatorial Deep Jets, Claire Ménesguen, Bach Lien Hua, Mark D. Fruman, Richard Schopp Jan 2009

Intermittent Layering In The Atlantic Equatorial Deep Jets, Claire Ménesguen, Bach Lien Hua, Mark D. Fruman, Richard Schopp

Journal of Marine Research

Equatorial observations in the Atlantic show three distinct vertical scales: quasi-barotropic eastward Extra-Equatorial Jets (EEJ), Equatorial Deep Jets (EDJ) of scale 500–800 m, and a smaller scale signal (50–100 m) of thin layers of well-mixed tracer fields. In the combined system of jets, westward EDJ correspond to zero-Potential Vorticity (PV) "niches," inside of which most of the thin well-mixed layers are found. Because of its correlation with zero-PV niches, the formation of layers is interpreted as due to inertial instability. The latter encompasses inertial barotropic instability due to meridional shear (either steady or parametric), baroclinic symmetric instability due to sloping …

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Dynamics Of The Combined Extra-Equatorial And Equatorial Deep Jets In The Atlantic, Claire Ménesguen, Bach Lien Hua, Mark D. Fruman, Richard Schopp Jan 2009

Dynamics Of The Combined Extra-Equatorial And Equatorial Deep Jets In The Atlantic, Claire Ménesguen, Bach Lien Hua, Mark D. Fruman, Richard Schopp

Journal of Marine Research

The available meridional sections of zonal velocity with high vertical and meridional resolution reveal tall eastward jets at 2N and 2S, named the extra-equatorial jets (EEJ), straddling the stacked eastward and westward jets of smaller vertical scales right at the equator, the so-called equatorial deep jets (EDJ). In contrast to the semi-annual to interannual fluctuations in the zonal velocity component, the measured meridional velocity component is dominated by intraseasonal period. We argue here that the formation mechanism for both types of jets is linked to the intraseasonal variability in meridional velocity and the associated wave motions. A process study is …

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Deep Chlorophyll Maximum And Upper Ocean Structure Interactions: Case Of The Guinea Thermal Dome, Olaf Duteil, Alban Lazar, Yves Dandonneau, Ilana Wainer, Christophe Menkes Jan 2009

Deep Chlorophyll Maximum And Upper Ocean Structure Interactions: Case Of The Guinea Thermal Dome, Olaf Duteil, Alban Lazar, Yves Dandonneau, Ilana Wainer, Christophe Menkes

Journal of Marine Research

Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) modifies the upper ocean heat capture distribution and thus impacts water column temperature and stratification, as well as biogeochemical processes. This energetical role of the DCM is assessed using a 1 m-resolution 1D physical-biogeochemical model of the upper ocean, using climatological forcing conditions of the Guinea Dome (GD). This zone has been chosen among others because a strong and shallow DCM is present all year round. The results show that the DCM warms the seasonal thermocline by +2°C in September/October and causes an increase of heat transfer from below into the mixed layer (ML) by vertical …

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Perturbation Dynamics Of A Planktonic Ecosystem, Katherine Healey, Adam H. Monahan, Debby Ianson Jan 2009

Perturbation Dynamics Of A Planktonic Ecosystem, Katherine Healey, Adam H. Monahan, Debby Ianson

Journal of Marine Research

Planktonic ecosystems provide a key mechanism for the transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to the deep ocean via the so-called "biological pump." Mathematical models of these ecosystems have been used to predict CO2 uptake in surface waters at particular locations, and more recently have been embedded in global climate models. While the equilibrium properties of these models are well studied, less attention has been paid to their response to external perturbations, despite the fact that as a result of the variability of environmental forcing such ecosystems are rarely, if ever, in equilibrium. In this study, linear theory is …

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The Future Evolution Of The Southern Ocean Co2 Sink, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Takamitsu Ito Jan 2009

The Future Evolution Of The Southern Ocean Co2 Sink, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Takamitsu Ito

Journal of Marine Research

We investigate the impact of century-scale climate changes on the Southern Ocean CO2 sink using an idealized ocean general circulation and biogeochemical model. The simulations are executed under both constant and changing wind stress, freshwater fluxes, and atmospheric pCO2, so as to separately analyze changes in natural and anthropogenic CO2 fluxes under increasing wind stress and stratification. We find that the Southern Ocean sink for total contemporary CO2 is weaker under increased wind stress and stratification by 2100, relative to a control run with no change in physical forcing, although the results are sensitive …

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Evidence Of Infaunal Effects On Porewater Advection And Biogeochemistry In Permeable Sediments: A Proposed Infaunal Functional Group Framework, George G. Waldbusser, Roberta L. Marinelli Jan 2009

Evidence Of Infaunal Effects On Porewater Advection And Biogeochemistry In Permeable Sediments: A Proposed Infaunal Functional Group Framework, George G. Waldbusser, Roberta L. Marinelli

Journal of Marine Research

Bioturbating infauna significantly modify reaction and transport processes in permeable sediments, though most studies to date are limited in the scope of species examined. We conducted a comparative field study measuring density-dependent effects of six common bioturbating species on porewater advection and biogeochemistry, across three intertidal permeable sediment habitats. The species in this study are; head-down like deposit feeders (Abarenicola pacifica and Balanoglossus aurantiacus), surface deposit feeders (Diopatra cuprea and Onuphis jenneri) and gallery diffusers (Upogebia pugettensis and Neotrypaea californiensis). Tracer loss from gel diffusers was used to assess relative differences in porewater advection …

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The Skirted Island: The Effect Of Topography On The Flow Around Planetary Scale Islands, Joseph Pedlosky, Roberto Iacono, Ernesto Napolitano, Karl Helfrich Jan 2009

The Skirted Island: The Effect Of Topography On The Flow Around Planetary Scale Islands, Joseph Pedlosky, Roberto Iacono, Ernesto Napolitano, Karl Helfrich

Journal of Marine Research

The flow around planetary scale islands is examined when the island possesses a topographic skirt representing a steep continental shelf. The model is barotropic and governed by the shallow water equations and the motion is driven by a wind stress with a constant curl. The presence of the strong topographic "skirt" around the island vitiates the elegant Island Rule of Godfrey and the closed potential vorticity contours around the island produced by the topography allow a geostrophic, stationary mode to resonate with an amplitude that is limited only by dissipation. In the limit of weak forcing the outline of the …

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Asymmetries In Tidal Flow Over A Seto Inland Sea Scour Pit, Arnoldo Valle-Levinson, Xinyu Guo Jan 2009

Asymmetries In Tidal Flow Over A Seto Inland Sea Scour Pit, Arnoldo Valle-Levinson, Xinyu Guo

Journal of Marine Research

Underway profiles of current velocity were combined with stationary profiles of temperature and salinity around a vertically mixed scour pit of the Seto Inland Sea throughout a semidiurnal tidal cycle. This was done with the purpose of determining (a) whether flood flow is asymmetric relative to ebb over a pit with weakly stratified conditions, and (b) whether there is a dynamic transition from frictionally dominated tidal flow to advectively dominated tidal flow over the pit. These questions arose from previous studies elsewhere under stratified water columns, in contrast to the unstratified conditions at the study site. Observations showed an acceleration …

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Plankton Community Composition, Organic Carbon And Thorium-234 Particle Size Distributions, And Particle Export In The Sargasso Sea, H. S. Brew, S. B. Moran, M. W. Lomas, A. B. Burd Jan 2009

Plankton Community Composition, Organic Carbon And Thorium-234 Particle Size Distributions, And Particle Export In The Sargasso Sea, H. S. Brew, S. B. Moran, M. W. Lomas, A. B. Burd

Journal of Marine Research

Measurements of plankton community composition (eight planktonic groups), particle size-fractionated (10, 20, 53, 70, and 100-μm Nitex screens) distributions of organic carbon (OC) and 234Th, and particle export of OC and 234Th are reported over a seasonal cycle (2006–2007) from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series (BATS) site. Results indicate a convergence of the particle size distributions of OC and 234Th during the winter-spring bloom period (January–March, 2007). The observed convergence of these particle size distributions is directly correlated to the depth-integrated abundance of autotrophic pico-eukaryotes (r = 0.97, P < 0.05) and, to a lesser extent, Synechococcus (r = 0.85, P < 0.14). In addition, there are positive correlations between the sediment trap flux of OC and 234Th at 150 …

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New Observations Of The Spreading And Variability Of The Antarctic Intermediate Water In The Atlantic, Claudia Schmid, Silvia L. Garzoli Jan 2009

New Observations Of The Spreading And Variability Of The Antarctic Intermediate Water In The Atlantic, Claudia Schmid, Silvia L. Garzoli

Journal of Marine Research

The new and unique Argo data set currently available, in conjunction with other data previously collected, increases our understanding of the spreading of the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the southern and tropical Atlantic Ocean and to verify previous results. The combination of velocity and salinity data collected with Argo floats verified the main patterns of circulation at intermediate (800 to 1100 dbar) depths. Interesting new features in the pathways are found: (1) the existence of a new, third, branch of westward to northwestward flow that is fed by the Benguela Current; (2) two pathways through which the water from the …

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