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Inadvertent Expansion In World Politics, Nicholas Duncan Anderson Apr 2021

Inadvertent Expansion In World Politics, Nicholas Duncan Anderson

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Why do great powers adopt expansionist foreign policies? Despite its great variety, much of the existing literature shares a common characteristic: that of seeing expansion as the centrally-driven and strategic extension of the state’s territorial domain. However, many important historical instances of great power expansion do not comport with these expectations, showing expansion to be far more peripherally driven and far less strategic than they would expect. In this dissertation, I make a distinction between centrally-driven “strategic expansion” and peripherally-driven “inadvertent expansion,” and I explain inadvertent expansion in the modern history of great power politics. I make three central arguments. …

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Migration, Exile And Absence: Catholicism On The British Atlantic Frontier, 1634-1699, Kelsey Elizabeth Champagne Apr 2021

Migration, Exile And Absence: Catholicism On The British Atlantic Frontier, 1634-1699, Kelsey Elizabeth Champagne

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines the ways in which Catholics in the seventeenth-century British Atlantic balanced their competing identities as English, Scottish and Irish subjects and Catholics, despite persecution for their religion. It traces the stories of four groups of Catholics who, facing drastically different opportunities and restrictions, stubbornly refused to renounce their religion and conform. By 1660, Catholicism had been outlawed in the British Isles for a century, punishable by fines, forfeiture and even execution. Faced with persecution from their governments and neighbors and combatting a drastic dearth of resources in the form of priests, devotional items and sacraments, Catholic men …

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Well-Distributed Sequences: Number Theory, Optimal Transport, And Potential Theory, Louis Max Brown Apr 2021

Well-Distributed Sequences: Number Theory, Optimal Transport, And Potential Theory, Louis Max Brown

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation will be to examine various ways of measuring how uniformly distributed a sequence of points on compact manifolds and finite combinatorial graphs can be, providing bounds and novel explicit algorithms to pick extremely uniform points, as well as connecting disparate branches of mathematics such as Number Theory and Optimal Transport. Chapter 1 sets the stage by introducing some of the fundamental ideas and results that will be used consistently throughout the thesis: we develop and establish Weyl's Theorem, the definition of discrepancy, LeVeque's Inequality, the Erdős-Turán Inequality, Koksma-Hlawka Inequality, and Schmidt's Theorem about Irregularities of …

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Natural Language Processing And Graph Representation Learning For Clinical Data, David Chang Apr 2021

Natural Language Processing And Graph Representation Learning For Clinical Data, David Chang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The past decade has witnessed remarkable progress in biomedical informatics and its related fields: the development of high-throughput technologies in genomics, the mass adoption of electronic health records systems, and the AI renaissance largely catalyzed by deep learning. Deep learning has played an undeniably important role in our attempts to reduce the gap between the exponentially growing amount of biomedical data and our ability to make sense of them. In particular, the two main pillars of this dissertation---natural language processing and graph representation learning---have improved our capacity to learn useful representations of language and structured data to an extent previously …

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Patience And Forgiveness: The Meaning Of Kṣānti (Pali: Khanti) In The Mahābhārata And The Pali Canon, Mansi Sunil Agrawal Apr 2021

Patience And Forgiveness: The Meaning Of Kṣānti (Pali: Khanti) In The Mahābhārata And The Pali Canon, Mansi Sunil Agrawal

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation explores the meaning of the Sanskrit term kṣānti in the Mahābhārata and the Pali term khanti in the Pali Canon. There is considerable debate and confusion within the scholarly community as to what these terms mean, and scholars have chosen to translate the verbal root from which they derive using a wide range of terms: “ be patient,” “forgive,” “tolerate,” “endure,” “suffer,” “pardon,” “forbear,” “wait,” “allow,” “indulge,” and so on. Through a thorough and close examination of the Mahābhārata and the Pali Canon, this dissertation unveils the precise meanings of these terms in these texts. This dissertation will …

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Essays In Environmental And Energy Economics, Wade Ivan Davis Apr 2021

Essays In Environmental And Energy Economics, Wade Ivan Davis

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation contributes developments in modeling and policy analysis in environmental and energy economics. All three chapters are useful to ongoing debates in climate change policy and the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. My first chapter develops a model of consumer decision-making in an analysis of the electricity retail choice market in Texas. This project explores (1) the limitations of consumer decision-making in a setting with large choice sets and (2) the relationship between competition and product variety after deregulation. I find strong evidence of inattention and search costs as explanations for consumers' widespread failure to choose cost-minimizing contracts. These …

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Rough Beginnings: Imagining The Origins Of Agriculture In Late Medieval And Early Modern Britain, Clio Doyle Apr 2021

Rough Beginnings: Imagining The Origins Of Agriculture In Late Medieval And Early Modern Britain, Clio Doyle

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The Renaissance had both apocalyptic and hopeful visions of the future, but both were tied into the idea of the Golden Age, a past age that could be described as perfectly fertile or hopelessly barren, as a time of plenty or of hunger. The idea of a time before agriculture was approached with ambivalence: it was at once the innocent, ideal beginning and the feared end. I argue in my dissertation, “Rough Beginnings: Imagining the Origins of Agriculture in Late Medieval and Early Modern Britain,” that stories about the invention of agriculture allowed writers of poetry, drama, history, and husbandry …

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Essays On Financial Intermediation And Collateral Requirements, Chuan Du Apr 2021

Essays On Financial Intermediation And Collateral Requirements, Chuan Du

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This collection of essays examines financial intermediation and collateral requirements in economies where limited enforcement of repayment necessitates loans to be backed by eligible collateral. Collateralized lending was a key feature of the 2008 financial crisis, with significant policy interventions in major economies directed towards restoring leverage and financial intermediation. Similarly, given the unprecedented shock of the COVID-19 pandemic, firms that face binding collateral constraints and find it difficult to secure loans on affordable terms may struggle to weather the crisis. Governments and central banks worldwide have instigated large scale policy responses to ease credit conditions. Theoretical models of financial …

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Hearing In Time: Bergsonian Concepts Of Time In Maurice Ravel’S L’Heure Espagnole, Holly Elizabeth Chung Apr 2021

Hearing In Time: Bergsonian Concepts Of Time In Maurice Ravel’S L’Heure Espagnole, Holly Elizabeth Chung

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines Maurice Ravel’s first opera, L’Heure espagnole (1907–1911), as a turning point in the composer’s aesthetic approach, marking a moment at which he reacted strongly against Debussy’s influence and seems to have increasingly oriented his compositional perspective toward comedy, mechanism, and manipulations of musical time. In recent years, Ravel scholars have identified promising connections between Ravel’s aesthetics and Bergsonism, but the musical underpinnings of Bergson’s philosophy of time itself have remained vastly undertheorized. My project sets out to rectify this by locating both Ravel’s aesthetics and Bergson’s philosophy of time within the music-historical context of debussysme, and identifying …

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Epic Black: Poetics In Protest In The Time Of Black Lives Matter, David Marcello De León Apr 2021

Epic Black: Poetics In Protest In The Time Of Black Lives Matter, David Marcello De León

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines certain book-length poetic works released between 2014 to 2016, corresponding to the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement formed in the wake of the killing of Trayvon Martin in 2013. I argue that these works emerge from the same political and poetic urgency that demanded a movement like BLM. Using Beyoncé’s Lemonade (2016) as an entrance, I focus on a genre/strategy that Farah Jasmine Griffin calls Epic Black, a poetics that uses the hypervisibility of Black bodies, the inescapable place that Black expression has in popular American culture, and the scale and scope of the Western …

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Sursum Ductio. Reasoning Upward. An Investigation Into The Vertical Structure Of Dante's Commedia., Sandro-Angelo De Thomasis Apr 2021

Sursum Ductio. Reasoning Upward. An Investigation Into The Vertical Structure Of Dante's Commedia., Sandro-Angelo De Thomasis

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation investigates “vertical readings” of the Commedia, i.e., the interpretive method that compares and contrasts same-numbered cantos in the three canticles of the poem: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. Although there is a consensus that specific vertical readings are intentional, critics remain skeptical of extrapolating it into a totalizing system. This dissertation aims to delineate the methodology’s parameters, trace its emergence in the field of Dante studies, and anchor it within the context of Italian Duecento and Trecento culture. This research investigates the methodology by gathering vertical readings in Dante studies into a comprehensive archive. This catalog provides valuable information …

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Temporal Articulatory Stability, Phonological Variation, And Lexical Contrast Preservation In Diaspora Tibetan, Christopher Alden Geissler Apr 2021

Temporal Articulatory Stability, Phonological Variation, And Lexical Contrast Preservation In Diaspora Tibetan, Christopher Alden Geissler

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines how lexical tone can be represented with articulatory gestures, and the ways a gestural perspective can inform synchronic and diachronic analysis of the phonology and phonetics of a language. Tibetan is chosen an example of a language with interacting laryngeal and tonal phonology, a history of tonogenesis and dialect diversification, and recent contact-induced realignment of the tonal and consonantal systems. Despite variation in voice onset time (VOT) and presence/absence of the lexical tone contrast, speakers retain a consistent relative timing of consonant and vowel gestures. Recent research has attempted to integrate tone into the framework of Articulatory …

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Text Summarization Across High And Low-Resource Settings, Alexander Richard Fabbri Apr 2021

Text Summarization Across High And Low-Resource Settings, Alexander Richard Fabbri

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Natural language processing aims to build automated systems that can both understand and generate natural language textual data. As the amount of textual data available online has increased exponentially, so has the need for intelligence systems to comprehend and present it to the world. As a result, automatic text summarization, the process by which a text's salient content is automatically distilled into a concise form, has become a necessary tool. Automatic text summarization approaches and applications vary based on the input summarized, which may constitute single or multiple documents of different genres. Furthermore, the desired output style may consist of …

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The Emancipated Empire: Faustin I Soulouque And The Origins Of The Second Haitian Empire, 1847-1859, Emmanuel Lachaud Apr 2021

The Emancipated Empire: Faustin I Soulouque And The Origins Of The Second Haitian Empire, 1847-1859, Emmanuel Lachaud

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Historians of postemancipation will recognize the questions that drive my dissertation, “The Emancipated Empire: Faustin I Soulouque and the Origins of the Second Haitian Empire, 1847-1859.” Among other things I am interested in examining the process by which Haitians, elite, urban, and rural in the late 1840s rejected the political legitimacy of republicanism and forged a common sense of nationhood that befitted what they felt were new circumstances—hence their conviction that the time was ripe for a sweeping symbolic change to empire and monarchy.This line of inquiry follows a long succession of theoretical explanations on the Atlantic phenomenon of emancipation …

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A Constitution Contested: Governors, Assemblies, And Imperial Politics In Jamaica And New York, 1675-1730, Winston Sinclair Hill Apr 2021

A Constitution Contested: Governors, Assemblies, And Imperial Politics In Jamaica And New York, 1675-1730, Winston Sinclair Hill

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on the constitutional politics of England, and then Britain’s, transatlantic empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, through the lens of Jamaica and New York. In those two colonies, as in the rest of the Atlantic empire, colonial elites and imperial authorities were in perpetual political conflict. In this dissertation, I explain why the conflict persisted without resolution. Historians, though they rarely answer this question, have described fundamental transatlantic clashes of interests, and I take these as my starting point. I argue that each side’s ideological and material interests interwove with and sustained one another, and were …

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Animating Heritage: Affective Experiences, Institutional Networks, And Themed Consumption In The Japanese Cultural Industries, Heidi K. Lam Apr 2021

Animating Heritage: Affective Experiences, Institutional Networks, And Themed Consumption In The Japanese Cultural Industries, Heidi K. Lam

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation ethnographically examines a Japanese historical themed park to illuminate the cultural industries’ role in shaping Japanese identity through creative labor, consumption, and institutional relationships. It argues that cultural heritage is animated through embodied experiences (taiken) with performative elements and contingent contexts that take place around a central organization’s selective interpretation and staging of the past. This dissertation is based on 15 months of fieldwork in 2015-2017 at and around “Edo Town,” the pseudonym for a historical themed park in Japan that evokes the Edo or Tokugawa period (1603-1867) in Japan’s history. I explore the creative labor, institutional networks, …

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Essays On The Effects Of Institutional Changes, Martin Mattsson Apr 2021

Essays On The Effects Of Institutional Changes, Martin Mattsson

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Formal and informal institutions are important determinants of behavior and economic outcomes. In this dissertation, I study the causal effects of changes to one formal and one informal institution on individuals' behavior. The first chapter uses an experiment in Bangladesh to show how providing information on delays in a public service provision to government bureaucrats and their supervisors affects these bureaucrats' behavior and the outcomes for applicants for the public service. The second chapter (co-authored with Ro'ee Levy) shows how the MeToo movement increased the reporting of sexual crimes to the police by changing the norms, information, or both, about …

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Red Lives: Grassroots Radicalism And Visionary Organizing In The American Century, Mary Rebecca Reynolds Apr 2021

Red Lives: Grassroots Radicalism And Visionary Organizing In The American Century, Mary Rebecca Reynolds

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Red Lives is a side-by-side social and intellectual biography of Claudia Jones, Emma Tenayuca, and Ah Quon McElrath, three working-class women who came-of-age during the Great Depression, and whose lifelong commitments to grassroots organizing and radical politics emerged from the Popular Front’s cross-class, multiracial coalitions and collective actions. All three joined the Communist Party as teenagers and first organized for groups representing youth, the unemployed, or workers, often on campaigns for race and gender equity, civil liberties, and democratic rights, in New York, Texas, and Hawai’i. They produced and published theoretical work that elaborated the underpinnings of their organizing strategies, …

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Developing Tradition: A History Of Intercultural Health Governance In Mexico, 1940-2000, Joshua Mentanko Apr 2021

Developing Tradition: A History Of Intercultural Health Governance In Mexico, 1940-2000, Joshua Mentanko

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This is an intellectual and social history of efforts by the Mexican state to order and transform medical pluralism for developmentalist ends in the highlands of Chiapas state between 1940 and 2000. Focusing on state employees, bilingual and indigenous doctors and midwives, and Mexican and foreign anthropologists, it grounds the emergence of “interculturalidad” – or the project of integrating indigenous traditional medicine into state and non-state health institutions – in a broader history of economic development and modernization and indigenous resistance to and negotiation of capitalist and national integration projects. It shows how efforts to integrate traditional medicine have not …

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In Between Dār Al-Islām And The ‘Lands Of The Christians’: Three Christian Arabic Travel Narratives From The Early Modern/Ottoman Period (Mid-17th-Early 18th Centuries), Iraj Sheidaee Apr 2021

In Between Dār Al-Islām And The ‘Lands Of The Christians’: Three Christian Arabic Travel Narratives From The Early Modern/Ottoman Period (Mid-17th-Early 18th Centuries), Iraj Sheidaee

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This study analyzes closely the Arabic travel narratives of three Christians from the Ottoman Levant and Near East, who travelled to what they called the ‘lands of the Christians’—ie. Europe. Paul of Aleppo (Būluṣ al-Ḥalabī), a deacon of the Orthodox Church, travelled from 1652 to 1659 to Southeastern and Eastern Europe: the Danubian Principalities (modern Romania), the ‘lands of the Cossacks’ (Ukraine), and Muscovite Russia. Paul’s travels were part of an Arab Orthodox ecclesial mission in the company of this father, Patriarch Makarios III ibn al-Zaʿīm of the see of Antioch. He recorded his travel experiences in one of the …

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Essays In Macrofinance And Asset Pricing, Chase P. Ross Apr 2021

Essays In Macrofinance And Asset Pricing, Chase P. Ross

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation consists of three essays on the topics of asset pricing, macrofinance, and financial intermediation. In the first essay, I examine banks’ role in safe asset markets. Banks are vital suppliers of money-like safe assets: banks produce safe assets by issuing short-term liabilities and pledging collateral. But their ability to create safe assets varies over time as leverage constraints fluctuate. I present a model to describe private safe-asset production when intermediaries face leverage constraints. I measure bank leverage constraints using bank-intermediated basis trades. The collateral premium—a strategy long Treasuries used more often as repo collateral and short Treasuries used …

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Essays In Industrial Organization And The Economics Of Education, Suk Joon Son Apr 2021

Essays In Industrial Organization And The Economics Of Education, Suk Joon Son

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation includes three chapters on industrial organization and the economics of education, centered around New York City's public high school choice procedure. In the first chapter, I document evidence of informational frictions in the usage of the public high school choice in New York City and the patterns of racial disparities. The second chapter develops a model of application behavior and considers its identification. The third chapter estimates a model of high school applications and uses it to analyze the impacts of New York City's high school choice procedure. Centralized school choice procedures are gaining wider adoption, based in …

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Representations Of Time In Late-Medieval Music, Philippa Ovenden Apr 2021

Representations Of Time In Late-Medieval Music, Philippa Ovenden

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The late-medieval style that is characterized by complexity of rhythm, notation, and pitch is commonly referred to as the ars subtilior, the “more subtle art,” a term coined by Ursula Günther in 1963. Along with its stylistic attributes, the scope of this repertory has been defined chronologically and geographically, associated with Southern France and Northern Italy during the period c. 1380–1420. In recent years, scholars such as David Catalunya, David Fallows, Karl Kügle, Jason Stoessel, Anne Stone, and Anna Zayaruznaya have argued that the so-called ars subtilior style should be expanded to incorporate a wider chronological and geographical purview. Responding …

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Essays In Industrial Organization, Yuzhou Wang Apr 2021

Essays In Industrial Organization, Yuzhou Wang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation studies a few topics in industrial organization. In the first two chapters, I study the education market from the perspective of industrial organization. Chapter 3 studies second-price auctions with participation costs. Chapters 1 and 2 study the high school market of a large city in China that introduced a policy allowing public schools to offer both free and priced admission options within a centralized admission mechanism. Chapter 1 introduces the institutional background, such as details of the admission mechanism, the schools and their price levels, and the new policy. I then present descriptive analysis. I also estimate a …

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Learning To Map Natural Language To Executable Programs Over Databases, Tao Yu Apr 2021

Learning To Map Natural Language To Executable Programs Over Databases, Tao Yu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Natural language is a fundamental form of information and communication and is becoming the next frontier in computer interfaces. As the amount of data available online has increased exponentially, so has the need for Natural Language Interfaces (NLIs, which is not used for natural language inference in this thesis) to connect the data and the user by easily using natural language, significantly promoting the possibility and efficiency of information access for many users besides data experts. All consumer-facing software will one day have a dialogue interface, and this is the next vital leap in the evolution of search engines. Such …

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Essays On A Consumer Subsidy With Firms' Bidding, Ge Zhang Apr 2021

Essays On A Consumer Subsidy With Firms' Bidding, Ge Zhang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation evaluates a consumer subsidy program known as ``Home Appliances Going to the Countryside" (HAGC). The HAGC subsidy program provided rebates to Chinese consumers from the countryside if they purchased eligible products from 2008 to 2012. This dissertation first investigates the relation between the HAGC subsidy program and the ownership and recent purchases of home appliances and electronics, using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We find that households with agricultural Hukou made a larger number of purchases in the past 12 months than non-agricultural ones during the HAGC subsidy program, and we provide evidence that such …

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Intuitive And Accurate Material Appearance Design And Editing, Weiqi Shi Apr 2021

Intuitive And Accurate Material Appearance Design And Editing, Weiqi Shi

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Creating and editing high-quality materials for photorealistic rendering can be a difficult task due to the diversity and complexity of material appearance. Material design is the process by which artists specify the reflectance properties of a surface, such as its diffuse color and specular roughness. Even with the support of commercial software packages, material design can be a time-consuming trial-and-error task due to the counter-intuitive nature of the complex reflectance models. Moreover, many material design tasks require the physical realization of virtually designed materials as the final step, which makes the process even more challenging due to rendering artifacts and …

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Analyzing The Role Of Er Membrane Biogenesis In Mitotic Fidelity, Holly Elizabeth Merta Apr 2021

Analyzing The Role Of Er Membrane Biogenesis In Mitotic Fidelity, Holly Elizabeth Merta

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In cell division, chromosomes align and attach to the mitotic spindle with high fidelity in order to limit missegregation of chromosomes that form individual nuclei, termed micronuclei. During cell division, membrane-bound organelles are cleared to the periphery of the cell; lack of clearance of membranes from chromosomes leads to chromosome missegregation. Cells regulate the biogenesis of their membranes throughout the cell cycle. Cancer cells frequently have upregulation of membrane lipid synthesis and micronuclei, but a connection between membrane biogenesis and chromosome missegregation leading to formation of micronuclei has not been established. In my thesis work, I show that the protein …

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Rethinking Aesthetic Humanism: Schiller After Agamben And Rancière, Thiti Owlarn Apr 2021

Rethinking Aesthetic Humanism: Schiller After Agamben And Rancière, Thiti Owlarn

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Since de Man, aesthetic humanism is often thought of as an ideology that valorizes the arts and their capacity to improve humanity. This study argues that something more important is at stake in Schiller’s aesthetics. Following Rancière, I argue that aesthetic experience is inherently meaning-disruptive and therefore not utilizable as means to an end. The fact that the aesthetic has this means-without-end structure allows us to reconceive of humanity, like Agamben, not as a rational animal or an end-setting subject, but as a figure of surplus potential, a life that gives itself form without being reducible to a specific way …

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The Preexistence Of The Soul In The Early English Enlightenment: 1640-1740, Clay Paul Greene Apr 2021

The Preexistence Of The Soul In The Early English Enlightenment: 1640-1740, Clay Paul Greene

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation assesses the English revival of the metaphysical Platonic doctrine of the soul’s preexistence against the backdrop of the philosophical, cultural, and religious changes that defined seventeenth-century intellectual life. The reemerged doctrine of preexistence was the last important gasp of strict metaphysical dualism, and through the writings of its defenders, the idea became incorporated into the primary philosophical innovations of modernity, scientific materialism, democratic equality, and what Charles Taylor calls exclusive humanism. But preexistence did not persist in seventeenth-century life only in philosophical argument, but in literary creations and ideas with practical human import. Between 1640 and 1740, Henry …

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