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An Aristotelian Theory Of The Political Association: An Alternative To Weber, Armando Perez-Gea Oct 2022

An Aristotelian Theory Of The Political Association: An Alternative To Weber, Armando Perez-Gea

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation explores and defends an Aristotelian theory of the state, which I argue should replace the Weberian understanding of the state that dominates social science. Elaborating on Aristotle’s insights, I understand the state as an association with the twin goals of creating a public realm where honor (understood as the recognition of striving to live a life worth remembering) exists and exercising a type of authority which has as its standard non-domination (I call this kind of authority “republican rule”). Apart from these twin goals, the state is built upon a self-sufficient association. I propose this as an alternative …

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Bachahs, Murats, And ShāKhs: The Culture Of Same-Sex Desire In Afghanistan, Ali Abdi Oct 2022

Bachahs, Murats, And ShāKhs: The Culture Of Same-Sex Desire In Afghanistan, Ali Abdi

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation is an introduction to the culture of same-sex desire in Afghanistan and aims at understanding how (non-normative) gender and sexuality materialize in everyday social relations in Kabul. I conducted ethnographic fieldwork in Kabul (and, for a much shorter period, in Bamyan and Mazar-i-Sharif) between 2016 and 2021. The main population with whom I worked were a group of male-born, non-masculine dancers and sex-workers who used murat for self-identification, a term they had borrowed from the argot of hijras/khwaja siras in Pakistan. By examining the formation of the queer subjectivity of murats, I suggest that the sex/gender world in …

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Deciphering Fact From Fiction: Utilizing Machine Learning To Extract Drivers Of Epigenetic Aging In Cell Culture, Christopher Minteer Oct 2022

Deciphering Fact From Fiction: Utilizing Machine Learning To Extract Drivers Of Epigenetic Aging In Cell Culture, Christopher Minteer

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Aging is associated with dramatic changes to DNA methylation (DNAm), although the causes and consequences of such alterations are unknown. Our ability to experimentally uncover mechanisms of epigenetic aging would be greatly enhanced by our ability to study and manipulate these changes using in vitro models. However, it remains unclear whether the changes elicited by cells in culture can serve as a model of what is observed in aging tissues in vivo. To test this, I developed a computational platform utilizing machine learning (elastic net regression modeling) and consensus clustering to identify modules of CpGs that covary across cumulative doublings …

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Beyond The Inclosure Schema, Michael Burton Oct 2022

Beyond The Inclosure Schema, Michael Burton

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The purpose of the inclosure schema is to reveal uniform structure in many paradoxes. Arguably, if it is successful, these paradoxes all require uniform solutions---a deep result. This dissertation explores the frontiers of inclosure, going beyond the schema in three ways. First, the philosophical project beyond the inclosure schema, the inclosure project, is examined. In particular, an account of the nonformal relation of correspondence between a paradox and an instance of the inclosure schema is given, with the Liar-like paradoxes chosen as test cases. Second, Curry's paradox, a paradox supposedly beyond the schema's reach, is argued to require a solution …

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Bureaucratic Violence: Chinese Civil Rights, Racial Capitalism, And The Rise Of Corporations, Yuhe Faye Wang Oct 2022

Bureaucratic Violence: Chinese Civil Rights, Racial Capitalism, And The Rise Of Corporations, Yuhe Faye Wang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

My dissertation brings legal history, Asian-American history, and studies of racial capitalism into conversation to explore how corporations became the dominant actors in the U.S. economy between 1870 and 1943. It begins with two cases, decided by the Supreme Court on the same day in 1886: Yick Wo v. Hopkins, a San Francisco Chinese civil rights case, and Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad, a California county tax case against the state’s largest railroad company. These rulings expanded the constitutional definition of personhood to offer both Chinese noncitizens and corporations the same Fourteenth Amendment protections. Bureaucratic Violence investigates the …

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Algorithm Designs For The Optimization Of Resource Allocation In Networked Systems, Yuang Jiang Oct 2022

Algorithm Designs For The Optimization Of Resource Allocation In Networked Systems, Yuang Jiang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in both the number of connected devices and the volume of data transmitted among them. The unprecedented demands in networked systems bring imperative needs for resource allocation optimization approaches to avoid performance failures such as traffic congestion, overload of computational tasks, excessive energy consumption, etc. However, existing resource allocation approaches are significantly challenged by the increasing heterogeneity (e.g., device heterogeneity and data heterogeneity) in networks and the unpredictability of user demands. In this dissertation, we leverage state-of-the-art tools, such as machine learning, to overcome those challenges. We investigate three specific resource allocation scenarios …

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Bistable Neural Dynamics Underlying Cognition And Spontaneous Activity: Computational Modeling And Empirical Analysis, Daming Li Oct 2022

Bistable Neural Dynamics Underlying Cognition And Spontaneous Activity: Computational Modeling And Empirical Analysis, Daming Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Characterizing the spatiotemporal patterns of neural dynamics is crucial to understanding many brain functions and psychiatric disorders. A commonly observed dynamic pattern is bistability, where the neurons switch between a high and a low firing state over the course of time. However, the origin of bistable dynamics and its role in cognitive functions and spontaneous activity remain unclear. In this thesis, we combined empirical data analysis and dynamical systems modeling approaches to quantitatively study brain dynamics. Statistical analysis allowed discovering various patterns of interest hidden in the experimental data, while dynamical systems modeling allowed us to causally test different hypotheses …

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Microglia Maintain Homeostatic Conditions In The Developing Rostral Migratory Stream, Sarah Jane Meller Oct 2022

Microglia Maintain Homeostatic Conditions In The Developing Rostral Migratory Stream, Sarah Jane Meller

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Microglia are brain-resident immune cells responsible for both maintaining homeostatic conditions necessary for normal neurodevelopment as well as orchestrating the brain’s response to environmental insults. Research into how the immune system and nervous system concomitantly develop and interact will not only improve our understanding of normal neurodevelopment but may provide insights into therapy after brain injury. The innate immune function of microglia phagocytosis is now understood to be involved in the developmental events of neurogenesis and synaptic pruning. However, microglia are also the first-line responders to environmental insults such as infection, trauma or toxins. Thus, if these environmental insults occur …

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The Role Of Gene Regulatory Mechanisms In Brain Evolution And Neuropsychiatric Disease, Sydney Keaton Muchnik Oct 2022

The Role Of Gene Regulatory Mechanisms In Brain Evolution And Neuropsychiatric Disease, Sydney Keaton Muchnik

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The human brain is widely acknowledged to be one of the most complex, mysterious, and intriguing structures on earth. Crucial to expanding our understanding of this fascinating organ is exploring the evolutionary processes that culminated in the development of the human brain, but also understanding what happens when the development or function of the brain are altered, as in the case of neurodevelopmental or neuropsychiatric diseases. While some interesting examples of human-specific protein coding genes with roles in brain development or disease have been identified,1–3 it has been hypothesized that changes in non-coding, regulatory regions have played a primary role …

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Interactions Between Statistical Prediction And Episodic Memory, Brynn Elizabeth Sherman Oct 2022

Interactions Between Statistical Prediction And Episodic Memory, Brynn Elizabeth Sherman

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Every day is a new day, but much of our experience is richly structured and predictable. From the scenery of our walks to the stereotyped nature of conversation, the vast majority of our experiences are ones that we've encountered before. Human memory is thus shaped by the predictable, structured nature of experiences. Our memories contain not only details about unique experiences (episodic memory), such as your tenth birthday, but also commonalities extracted across experience (statistical learning), such as what tends to happen at a birthday party. Notably, these two kinds of memory require opposing computations: episodic memories are formed rapidly …

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Economic Measurement For Ecosystem Assets And Services, Ethan Teichman Addicott Oct 2022

Economic Measurement For Ecosystem Assets And Services, Ethan Teichman Addicott

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Impacts from global change are demonstrably affecting ecosystems and natural assets that are central to supporting and sustaining human well-being. To mitigate these impacts effectively, comparable measures to evaluate policy outcomes are needed. The three chapters of this dissertation contribute to scholarship at the intersection of economics and ecosystem measurement using examples from coastal and marine economics. The first chapter addresses the use of information criteria, in particular, Akaike's Information Criterion, for model selection in ecology. In collaboration with other economists and ecologists, I argue that researchers can reach incorrect conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships by relying on information criteria. We …

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"Unable To Find Any Trace Of Her": Black Women, Genealogies Of Escape, And Alabama Prisons, 1920 - 1950, Micah Grace Khater Oct 2022

"Unable To Find Any Trace Of Her": Black Women, Genealogies Of Escape, And Alabama Prisons, 1920 - 1950, Micah Grace Khater

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This is a history of Black women’s experiences within, around, and outside of the perimeters of the southern carceral regime. Through an expansive case study of Alabama through the post-World War I moment, the interwar years, the Great Depression, Great Migration, the New Deal, and the infrastructural modernization in the post-World War II moment, this dissertation examines the relationship that carcerality forged between space and time. From penitentiaries, penal camps, and jails, incarcerated Black women challenged the boundaries of carcerality in the rural and urban South. In response, the state ritualized recapture as a mode of epistemological, ontological, and genealogical …

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Molecular And Cellular Analyses Of Thermotactic Behavioral Strategies In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Agustin Almoril-Porras Oct 2022

Molecular And Cellular Analyses Of Thermotactic Behavioral Strategies In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Agustin Almoril-Porras

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Animals must be able to flexibly deploy distinct behavioral strategies that allow them to fulfill specific goals in a shifting environment. I used the thermotaxis behavior of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a paradigm to study the deployment and transition between two complementary behavioral strategies, gradient migration and isothermal tracking. I performed reverse and forward genetic screens to examine the contribution of known and novel molecules that regulate the execution of these two strategies. I found a novel allele of the gap junction gene inx-1/Innexin and demonstrated that it is required to terminate isotherm-oriented forward runs. Mutants for this gene …

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Molecular Mechanisms That Promote Fitness Of A Mammalian Gut Symbiotic Bacterium, Weiwei Han Oct 2022

Molecular Mechanisms That Promote Fitness Of A Mammalian Gut Symbiotic Bacterium, Weiwei Han

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The mammalian gut is densely populated with trillions of microbes, collectively termed the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is critical to the health of the host. Therefore, it is critical to understand how beneficial microbes persist in the gut. This dissertation presents molecular mechanisms by which conserved genetic factors promote gut colonization by the abundant human gut symbiotic bacteria from the Bacteroides genus. Bacteroides species have an extraordinary ability to utilize various complex polysaccharides available in the gut. I have identified the global regulon of a transcriptional regulator, BT4338, necessary for the utilization of polysaccharides and intestinal colonization by B. …

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A Peak Through The Noise: Capturing Biological Heterogeneity In Aging With Our Machine Learning Toolkit, Kyra Thrush Oct 2022

A Peak Through The Noise: Capturing Biological Heterogeneity In Aging With Our Machine Learning Toolkit, Kyra Thrush

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Despite significant investment of resources for its study, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is an incurable disease with incredibly high prevalence in the older adult population. The confusion surrounding the recent approval of Aduhelm (Aducanumab) has highlighted a fraught history of inconsistent clinical trial results, difficult risk/ benefit analyses, and the desperate need for hope for an ever-increasing number of patients and their families. The primary motivation of this work is to directly characterize and embrace the heterogeneity of Alzheimer’s disease with the intent of future subtyping of patients in a data-driven manner. In this project we use extant postmortem multi-omics data …

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Novel High-Resolution Instrumentation To Characterize Electrified Nano-Jets For Space Propulsion: The Case Of Emi-Fap (1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tris(Pentafluoroethyl)Trifluorophosphate) At Variable Current And Temperature, Luis Javier Perez Lorenzo Oct 2022

Novel High-Resolution Instrumentation To Characterize Electrified Nano-Jets For Space Propulsion: The Case Of Emi-Fap (1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tris(Pentafluoroethyl)Trifluorophosphate) At Variable Current And Temperature, Luis Javier Perez Lorenzo

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

A series of electrified nanojets of the ionic liquid EMI-FAP (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumtris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate) are investigated at various liquid flowrates (60- 1000pl/s), and emitter temperatures (25-75C). Time of flight (TOF) and energy analysis in vacuum are used in series to determine jet parameters at the point of breakup, and propulsive properties. At each experimental condition, the jet velocity Uj , diameter dj , electrical potential Vj and energy dissipated ΔV are obtained at the jet breakup point. Additionally, the following propulsive parameters of the spray are measured: specific impulse Isp , propulsive efficiency ηprop and thrust T. These measurements provide an insight into …

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Attention Neural Network For Cardiac Strain Analysis In 3d Echocardiography, Shawn Ahn Oct 2022

Attention Neural Network For Cardiac Strain Analysis In 3d Echocardiography, Shawn Ahn

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of death around the world. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) causes regional dysfunction which places remote areas of the heart at a mechanical disadvantage resulting in long term adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling and complicated congestive heart failure (CHF). Stress echocardiography is currently the clinically established, cost-effective 2D imaging technique for detecting and characterizing myocardial injury by imaging the left ventricle at rest and after either exercise or pharmacologically-induced stress to reveal ischemia and/or infarct. However, the inherent limitations of a 2D echocardiography make it difficult to characterize the whole 3D volume of ischemic/infarct …

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Theory And Applications Of Attribution For Interpretable Language Technology, Yiding Hao Oct 2022

Theory And Applications Of Attribution For Interpretable Language Technology, Yiding Hao

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Attribution methods (Lipovetsky and Conklin, 2001; Štrumbelj et al., 2009; Simonyan et al., 2014; Zeiler and Fergus, 2014; Bach et al., 2015; Ribeiro et al., 2016; Shrikumar et al., 2017a; Murdoch et al., 2018; Sundararajan et al., 2017; Sundararajan and Najmi, 2020, inter alia) are a family of local interpretability techniques that measure the “contribution” of input features towards an individual model output. In natural language processing (NLP), attribution methods are often used to identify input tokens (e.g., Li et al., 2016, 2017; Arras et al., 2017b; Jumelet et al., 2019) or neural network units (e.g., Lakretz et al., 2019; …

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Pro-Life Science: The Production And Circulation Of Reproductive Knowledge In North American Anti-Abortion Movements, 1968-2003, Megann Licskai Oct 2022

Pro-Life Science: The Production And Circulation Of Reproductive Knowledge In North American Anti-Abortion Movements, 1968-2003, Megann Licskai

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

My work shows the inextricability of what I call “pro-life science” from religious, moral, and violent anti-abortion activism. While activists tried to distinguish their scientific pro-life work from “other” kinds of activism, these research programs were built on and then reinforced the movements pro-life scientists tried to distance themselves from. This project spans the three turbulent decades of pro-life activism that bridges the liberalization of American abortion laws to twenty-first century abortion restrictions. The dissertation begins in the years preceding Roe v. Wade, as anti-abortion activists created pro-life reproductive health centers. After the 1973 decision to legalize abortion in the …

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Energy Dissipation Bounds In Fundamental Biological Processes, Samuel Bryant Oct 2022

Energy Dissipation Bounds In Fundamental Biological Processes, Samuel Bryant

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Biological processes consume energy to drive changes in their internal and external environments. From an abstract perspective, we can think of these energetic costs as arising from the dissipation associated with breaking time-reversal symmetry. Here we explore some new quantitative energetic bounds for specific classes of biological functions dictating exactly how much dissipation is necessary to perform the function. In particular, we examine the role of time-reversal symmetry breaking in the control of thermodynamic systems and the energetic cost of communicating information under physical constraints. The new principles we present are relevant to understanding the energetic budget of processes as …

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Control Of Synaptic Cargo Delivery By Microtubule End Resident Proteins, Jun Hyun Park Oct 2022

Control Of Synaptic Cargo Delivery By Microtubule End Resident Proteins, Jun Hyun Park

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Neuron, a cell type that comprises the nervous system, requires unique polarized transport for its function. The neuronal polarity stems from the inherent biochemical asymmetry of the microtubule polymer which has GTP-bound tubulin enriched, dynamic plus end and more stable minus end on each pole. In most neurons, an axon has microtubule orientation where its plus end faces away from the cell body (plus-end out) while a dendrite has either mixed or plus end facing towards the cell body (minus-end out). Since microtubule orientation largely dictates the types of cargoes entering each neurite, microtubule polarity essentially defines the identity of …

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Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Fabrizio López-Gallo, Mercedes Cardona Sep 2022

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Fabrizio López-Gallo, Mercedes Cardona

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No abstract provided.

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Lessons Learned: Christopher Spoth, Sandra Ward Sep 2022

Lessons Learned: Christopher Spoth, Sandra Ward

Journal of Financial Crises

As senior deputy director of the Division of Supervision and Consumer Protection at the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Spoth led examinations, enforcement actions, problem bank remediations, and failure resolutions, among a range of responsibilities. During the Global Financial Crisis, he was on the front lines of fast-moving policy discussions and actions to help stabilize the financial system, and he oversaw the closure and restructuring of some of the nation’s largest banks. This abstract is based on an interview with Spoth on February 4, 2021.

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Lessons Learned: Kieran J. Fallon, Matthew A. Lieber Sep 2022

Lessons Learned: Kieran J. Fallon, Matthew A. Lieber

Journal of Financial Crises

Presently the senior deputy general counsel for regulation and government affairs at PNC Fi-nancial Services Group, Kieran Fallon completed a 16-year tenure in the legal division of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in 2011. As associate general counsel dur-ing the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), he helped design the Federal Reserve’s Commercial Pa-per Funding Facility, restructure American International Group (AIG), and implement the Dodd-Frank Act. Relatedly, Fallon also served as general counsel for the Financial Stability Oversight Board from 2008 to 2011. This Lessons Learned is based on an interview conducted with Fallon on August 13, 2020.

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Financial Crises And Legislation, Peter Conti-Brown, Michael Ohlrogge Sep 2022

Financial Crises And Legislation, Peter Conti-Brown, Michael Ohlrogge

Journal of Financial Crises

Scholars frequently assert that financial legislation in the United States is primarily crisis driven. This “crisis-legislation hypothesis” is often cited as an explanation for various supposed shortcomings of US financial legislation, including that it is poorly conceived and inadequate to the problems it aims to address. Other scholars embrace the hypothesis, but from the perspective that crises are the needed impetus to prompt constructive reforms. Despite the prevalence of this hypothesis, however, its threshold assumption—that Congress passes major financial legislation only when financial crises arise—has never been analyzed empirically. This article provides that analysis. We first devise a new system …

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A Quick Rundown On Where We Stand With Sdrs, Mark Plant Sep 2022

A Quick Rundown On Where We Stand With Sdrs, Mark Plant

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No abstract provided.

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Lessons Learned: Kieran J. Fallon, Kieran J. Fallon, Matthew A. Lieber Sep 2022

Lessons Learned: Kieran J. Fallon, Kieran J. Fallon, Matthew A. Lieber

Documents

Lieber, Matthew A. (2022) "Lessons Learned: Kieran J. Fallon," Journal of Financial Crises: Vol. 4 : Iss. 3, 198-201. Available at: https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/journal-of-financial-crises/vol4/iss3/8

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Lessons Learned: Christopher Spoth, Christopher Spoth, Sandra Ward Sep 2022

Lessons Learned: Christopher Spoth, Christopher Spoth, Sandra Ward

Documents

Ward, Sandra (2022) "Lessons Learned: Christopher Spoth," Journal of Financial Crises: Vol. 4 : Iss. 3, 222-223. Available at: https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/journal-of-financial-crises/vol4/iss3/15

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Chile: Request For An Arrangement Under The Flexible Credit Line And Cancellation Of The Arrangement Under The Short-Term Liquidity Line, International Monetary Fund (Imf) Aug 2022

Chile: Request For An Arrangement Under The Flexible Credit Line And Cancellation Of The Arrangement Under The Short-Term Liquidity Line, International Monetary Fund (Imf)

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No abstract provided.

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Consolidated Reports Of Condition And Income For A Bank With Domestic And Foreign Offices - Ffiec 031, Silicon Valley Bank Financial Group Aug 2022

Consolidated Reports Of Condition And Income For A Bank With Domestic And Foreign Offices - Ffiec 031, Silicon Valley Bank Financial Group

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No abstract provided.

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