Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Yale University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 781 - 810 of 8516

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Pulmonary Delivery Of Mrna Therapeutics, Alexandra Ahova Suberi Apr 2023

Pulmonary Delivery Of Mrna Therapeutics, Alexandra Ahova Suberi

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Advances in mRNA sequence design and chemical modifications have brought us to theprecipice of translating mRNA therapeutics to treat and cure innumerable human diseases. However, targeting mRNA delivery to relevant tissues remains a major obstacle in the clinical translation of mRNA therapeutics. Topical delivery of mRNA to the respiratory mucosa is an attractive strategy for treating pulmonary disorders. Despite significant interest, there are no approved delivery vehicles capable of efficiently and safely transfecting lung cells with mRNA. In this work, we created a polymer delivery vehicle for mRNA encapsulation and airway delivery. We employed a screening approach to formulate polyplexes …

Go to article

Electronic Property Tuning And External Stimuli Control Of Two-Dimensional Materials Via Surface Functionalization, Serrae Reed-Lingenfelter Apr 2023

Electronic Property Tuning And External Stimuli Control Of Two-Dimensional Materials Via Surface Functionalization, Serrae Reed-Lingenfelter

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Two-Dimensional (2D) materials are atomically thin and encompass a wide range of material classes and functionalities. The reduced dimensionality yields unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties in the mono- and few-layer limit, attractive for a variety of device applications. However, precise control of the electronic and magnetic properties of 2D materials is a persistent barrier to their incorporation into market optoelectronic technologies. For example, traditional doping methods, though well-optimized for bulk materials, can introduce negative steric effects into 2D materials and degrade device performance. In contrast, the tuning of 2D materials through surface functionalization is a promising alternative that is …

Go to article

A Diagrammatic Method To Compute The Effective Hamiltonian Of Driven Nonlinear Oscillators, Xu Xiao Apr 2023

A Diagrammatic Method To Compute The Effective Hamiltonian Of Driven Nonlinear Oscillators, Xu Xiao

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The question answered in this thesis is whether it is possible to construct a rigorous and efficient perturbation method to obtain the effective static Hamiltonian of a nonlinear oscillator driven by a time-dependent oscillatory force. We present in this dissertation such a method, based on Feynman-like diagram. The pictorial structure associated with each diagram corresponds directly to a Hamiltonian term, the prefactor of which involves a simple counting of topologically equivalent diagrams. We also leverage the algorithmic simplicity of our scheme in a readily available computer program that generates the effective Hamiltonian to arbitrary order. At the heart of our …

Go to article

Mechanistic Insights Into Protein-Mediated Lipid Transfer, Zhouping Hong Apr 2023

Mechanistic Insights Into Protein-Mediated Lipid Transfer, Zhouping Hong

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In eukaryotes, most lipids are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then redistributed from there to other organelles, each of which has a distinct membrane lipid composition. We have long known that lipids can be trafficked between organelles by vesicles. More recently, it has become clear that there is another major means of lipid redistribution mediated by lipid transport proteins (LTPs) that localize to so-called membrane contact sites (MCSs), where two organelles come into close apposition. LTPs have a hydrophobic cavity to solubilize the lipid fatty acyl tail. They work as either shuttles that ferry 1-2 lipid molecules at …

Go to article

Integrative Analysis Of Bulk And Single Cell Rna-Seq Modalities In The C. Elegans Nervous System, Alec Barrett Apr 2023

Integrative Analysis Of Bulk And Single Cell Rna-Seq Modalities In The C. Elegans Nervous System, Alec Barrett

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Nervous systems are complex networks, which requires a diverse set of neurons to detect, process, learn from, and respond to external stimuli. This neuronal diversity is directly tied to diversity of gene expression networks across the nervous system. Here I present my work, as part of the CeNGEN consortium, mapping gene expression across the entire nervous system in the hermaphroditic nematode C. elegans. I outline a strategy for sequencing RNA from individual neurons using bulk RNA-seq after cell sorting, and demonstrate a species-specific reagent for ribosomal depletion for ultra-low input RNA-seq library preparation. I describe a collaborative effort to sequence …

Go to article

Progress Towards A Measurement Of Time-Reversal Symmetry Violation In Thallium Fluoride, Oskari Matinpoika Timgren Apr 2023

Progress Towards A Measurement Of Time-Reversal Symmetry Violation In Thallium Fluoride, Oskari Matinpoika Timgren

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The observed matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe is widely considered to be an indication of the existence of beyond the Standard Model time-reversal symmetry violating physics. This dissertation describes work on a new molecular beam experiment (CeNTREX) to search for T-violating physics in the hyperfine structure of the diatomic molecule thallium fluoride ($^{205}$Tl$^{19}$F). TlF is primarily sensitive to T-violating physics due to the Schiff moment of the thallium nucleus. Thus, our experimental scheme is to search for a change in the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency of the Tl nucleus when the direction of an electric field coupled to the Schiff …

Go to article

Bible As Scripture: Orthodox Slavic Scripturality And Church Slavonic Bibles, John Max Mikitish Apr 2023

Bible As Scripture: Orthodox Slavic Scripturality And Church Slavonic Bibles, John Max Mikitish

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Both specialized and non-specialized works dealing with the scriptures among the medieval Orthodox Slavs tend to subsume the scriptures under the category of “Bible.” Thus, historians of “the Bible” in Slavia Orthodoxa often view the advent of the Gennadius Bible as the culmination of a centuries-long project. The author of the present work, however, argues that the Orthodox Slavs operated under a paradigm of what is here termed “scripturality”: for participants in the Orthodox Slavic tradition, “scripture” was an open category, and the scriptures were themselves open texts. Scripturality was part of the Orthodox Slavs’ Byzantine patrimony and, indeed, part …

Go to article

Essays In Financial Economics, Kaushik Vasudevan Apr 2023

Essays In Financial Economics, Kaushik Vasudevan

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation consists of three essays in financial economics. The first essay, joint with Paul Schmidt-Engelbertz, is titled `Asset Pricing with Higher Order Beliefs.' Higher order beliefs -- beliefs about others' beliefs -- may be important for trading behavior and asset prices, but have received little systematic empirical examination due to challenges in measurement. We circumvent these challenges using the insight that return expectations for an asset encode higher order beliefs, as they depend on forecasts of other investors' future demand. Analyzing survey data on the beliefs of U.S. equity market and global currency market investors, we find that the …

Go to article

Three Essays On International Trade And Domestic Production Networks, David Gelvez Apr 2023

Three Essays On International Trade And Domestic Production Networks, David Gelvez

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this dissertation I aim to contribute to the understanding of interdependence in market economies. I do so by providing new data, computational tools, and novel trade policy episodes in the service of tackling questions of economic relevance. I do this in the three chapters that comprise this work. My hope is that this data-intensive effort informs and inspires theoretical endeavors. In the first chapter, coauthored with James Williams, we address the lack of firm-level production network data. This aligns with one of the pillars of contemporary international trade literature: the pervasive notion of firm heterogeneity. Specifically, we tackle the …

Go to article

Meaning And Meaninglessness: The Global Standup Explosion, Adam Valen Levinson Apr 2023

Meaning And Meaninglessness: The Global Standup Explosion, Adam Valen Levinson

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the social and cultural significance of the global standup explosion. An unignorable social fact — viewers of more than ten standup specials jumped 60% just between 2018-19, at least half of Netflix users have watched at least one, comedy clubs are their own pandemic — the live comedy phenomenon offers a novel chance to analyze large-scale cultural attitudes and trends. The analysis explores distinct aspects (scales) of humor in three chapters. Chapter One statistically analyzes specific jokes and their reception, surveying whether they are found funny and offensive by respondents. The study reveals that individual reactions to …

Go to article

Essays On Political Economy And Gender, Antonia Paredes-Haz Apr 2023

Essays On Political Economy And Gender, Antonia Paredes-Haz

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Chapter 1: Gender quotas and strategic voters: Experimental evidence from Chile’s constitutional convention Citizens’ perceptions of certain groups influence voting behavior and policy choices worldwide, frequently reducing the representation of historically disadvantaged people. Can laws limiting the group identity of elected officials undo these effects? And if so, how does this impact legislator competence and how legislatures represent policy preferences of different groups? I examine these issues in the context of Chile’s constitutional conventional election, which was the first election to mandate gender parity in both candidate lists and elected officials without limiting voter choice. I induce experimental variation in …

Go to article

Ship164 Is A Lipid Transfer Protein That Coordinates Membrane Trafficking In The Endolysosomal System, Patreece H. Suen Apr 2023

Ship164 Is A Lipid Transfer Protein That Coordinates Membrane Trafficking In The Endolysosomal System, Patreece H. Suen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

A defining feature of cells are membrane bilayers that separate them from their environment and, in eukaryotic cells, delineate intracellular organelles with specialized functions. In eukaryotes, the lipid composition of different organellar membranes varies both in terms of bulk and signaling lipids, lending these membranes different biochemical and biophysical characteristics. Yet most lipids are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), then redistributed asymmetrically from there via mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Lipid redistribution is mediated in part by lipid transport proteins that operate at membrane contact sites, where organelles are closely apposed but do not fuse, moving lipids between their …

Go to article

A Novel Microbial Source Of Stochasticity In Microbiota-Driven Diseases, Yi Yang Apr 2023

A Novel Microbial Source Of Stochasticity In Microbiota-Driven Diseases, Yi Yang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Gut commensals with the capacity to translocate across the intestinal barrier can drive the development of diverse immune-mediated diseases. However, the key factors that dictate bacterial translocation remain unclear. Recent studies have revealed that gut microbiota strains can adapt and evolve throughout the lifetime of the host, raising the possibility that changes in individual commensals themselves over time may impact their propensity to elicit inflammatory disease. Here we show that within-host evolution of the model gut pathobiont Enterococcus gallinarum facilitates bacterial translocation and initiation of chronic inflammation. Using a combination of in vivo experimental evolution and comparative genomics, we found …

Go to article

Children's Intuitive Theories Of Group Collaboration, Emory Richardson Apr 2023

Children's Intuitive Theories Of Group Collaboration, Emory Richardson

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Cumulative culture has amplified human knowledge far beyond what any individual learner could teach themselves or even be taught in a single lifetime: a doctor can learn to drive a car without having to literally reinvent the wheel. In some cases, complex artifacts can be produced through the accumulation of incremental improvements over time; but frequently, they’re a product of more or less direct collaboration. But collaboration comes with costs of its own. This thesis is about the cognitive capacities individuals need for collaborative learning to be worth the trouble. I first describe a set of interrelated obstacles to the …

Go to article

Essays On The Provision Of Transportation, Lucas Conwell Apr 2023

Essays On The Provision Of Transportation, Lucas Conwell

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Chapter 1: Are There Too Many Minibuses in Cape Town? Privatized Provision of Public Transit Workers in low- and middle-income countries waste significant time commuting, partly due to gaps in public transit. In many African cities, privately-operated minibuses provide 50–100% of urban transit, at the cost of long wait times and poor personal safety for riders. Which externalities does the private provision of transit generate, and can policy interventions improve the market allocation? I build a micro-founded model of privatized shared transit subject to externalities in matching between buses and passengers, security provision, and road congestion. I then estimate the …

Go to article

Internal And External State-Dependent Modulation Of Visual Perception And Cortical Processing, Mitchell Paul Morton Apr 2023

Internal And External State-Dependent Modulation Of Visual Perception And Cortical Processing, Mitchell Paul Morton

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The ability of humans and other animals to perceive and understand stimuli in the visual world is substantially modulated by internal and external states. Internal states, such as arousal and attention, influence how we can perceive stimuli even when the physical characteristics of that stimulus are constant. Additionally, external configuration of objects in the visual world can influence our perceptual abilities, even when other characteristics remain unchanged. We first studied internal state-dependent modulation of perception by examining what states were associated with accurate perception at threshold, a condition in which the physical properties of a stimulus remain constant, and a …

Go to article

Cpg Island Turnover Predicts Evolutionary Change In Enhancer Activity, Acadia Kocher Apr 2023

Cpg Island Turnover Predicts Evolutionary Change In Enhancer Activity, Acadia Kocher

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Enhancers play a crucial role in specifying when and where genes are expressed, and changes in their function have been shown to influence trait evolution. However, it remains challenging to determine the sequence features that contribute to variation in enhancer function across species. Here I assessed the contribution of orphan CpG islands (oCGIs), which are intronic and intergenic regions enriched in CpG dinucleotides, to enhancer evolution. I identified oCGIs in nine mammalian species and integrated them with maps of enhancer activity-associated histone modifications (H3K27ac, H3K4me3, H3K4me2, and H3K4me1), finding that active enhancers are overrepresented at oCGIs. I found widespread turnover …

Go to article

Algorithmic Decision-Making With Stakeholder Participation, Vijay Keswani Apr 2023

Algorithmic Decision-Making With Stakeholder Participation, Vijay Keswani

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The development of trustworthy systems for applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence faces a variety of challenges. These challenges range from the investigation of methods to effectively detect algorithmic biases to methodological and practical hurdles encountered when incorporating notions of representation, equality, and domain expertise in automated decisions. Such questions make the task of building reliable automated decision-making frameworks quite complex; nevertheless, addressing them in a comprehensive manner is an important step toward building automated tools whose impact is equitable. This dissertation focuses on tackling such practical issues faced during the implementation of automated decision-making frameworks. It contributes to …

Go to article

Realism By Rail: Art And Mobilities In Late Imperial Russia, Stephen Tyler Urchick Apr 2023

Realism By Rail: Art And Mobilities In Late Imperial Russia, Stephen Tyler Urchick

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation is the first in English to consider how artists primarily from Russia’s Partnership for Traveling Art Exhibitions, known as the Wanderers, wandered. It breaks with decades of scholarship portraying these painters as pleinarist populists who went to the people, or bourgeois professionals who stayed home. Although the Wanderers rarely accompanied their group’s eponymous Traveling Exhibition as it toured by rail, the artists remained exceptionally mobile over their careers in both the literal and extended notions of this word. How did these artists exploit the accelerations of the late nineteenth century to advance their ambitions, reproduce and circulate their …

Go to article

Bootstrapping Fermionic Conformal Field Theories, Rajeev Suchet Erramilli Apr 2023

Bootstrapping Fermionic Conformal Field Theories, Rajeev Suchet Erramilli

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

We present the design, development, and application of new technology for the conformal bootstrap in the context of the study of three-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) with fermionic operators, as well as an exploration of the bootstrap of a fermionic gauge CFT. In doing so, we find world-record-precision rigorous bounds on the critical exponents and OPE coefficients of the $O(N)$ Gross-Neveu-Yukawa (GNY) family of CFTs for $N=2,4,8$ as well as significant progress in the bootstrap of Quantum Electrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions (QED$_3$). First, we derive closed-form expressions for all ingredients of the Zamolodchikov-like recursion relation for general spinning conformal blocks …

Go to article

Philological Botany: The Poetics Of Plant Classification In Early China And Japan, Loren Waller Apr 2023

Philological Botany: The Poetics Of Plant Classification In Early China And Japan, Loren Waller

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Flowering plants are a primary topic in Chinese and Japanese poetry, often used figuratively to express human emotions. Over time, as poets alluded to earlier works, these plants developed conventional metaphorical meanings. It is natural that such meanings would shift over time, but what is also striking is that historical understandings of the plants themselves, as well as the names used for the plants, also changed over time. An examination of three case studies will show how the identities of these plants changed over time as they were collected within literary texts and commentaries. Chapter 1 on the hibiscus (Ch. …

Go to article

Developing E-Covery, An App-Based Intervention To Support Individuals With Co-Occurring Problem Alcohol And Opioid Use, Adam Viera Apr 2023

Developing E-Covery, An App-Based Intervention To Support Individuals With Co-Occurring Problem Alcohol And Opioid Use, Adam Viera

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Background: Co-occurring alcohol and opioid use are an under-addressed factor associated with increased drug overdose mortality. There are many challenges in the treatment of co-occurring alcohol and opioid use with most individuals in need of substance use treatment not receiving treatment services. Those that do have a high likelihood of returning to use, with resumption of use following treatment episodes increasing risk for overdose. Contextual factors have been recognized as triggers of cravings to return to use. Few interventions work to address the effect these factors have on individuals in early recovery, with locations serving as a particularly challenging trigger. …

Go to article

Spin Manipulation With Optical And Microwave Photons In Integrated Platform, Sihao Wang Apr 2023

Spin Manipulation With Optical And Microwave Photons In Integrated Platform, Sihao Wang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The rapid development of quantum information technology has fueled a vast interest in sourcing the optimal platform according to the application needs. Solid state spin system emerges from many popular choices for its favorable optical and microwave properties to achieve complex functionalities in quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing. Interfacing spins with thin film nanophotonic circuits opens up the opportunities to harvest not only the advantages from spins, including long coherence and high quantum-efficiency fluorescence, but also the advantages of the mature fabrication technologies for low loss, high throughput nanophotonic structures. Such an integrated system with spins plays an …

Go to article

Pushing The Frontiers Of Non-Equilibrium Dynamics Of Collisionless And Weakly Collisional Self-Gravitating Systems, Uddipan Banik Apr 2023

Pushing The Frontiers Of Non-Equilibrium Dynamics Of Collisionless And Weakly Collisional Self-Gravitating Systems, Uddipan Banik

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm of cosmology, structure formation occurs via gravitational encounters and mergers between self-gravitating structures like galaxies and dark matter halos. This perturbs galaxies and halos out of equilibrium. These systems are collisionless, i.e., cannot relax within the Hubble time via two-body encounters, thereby prevailing in a state of non-equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium at best. However, such perturbed collisionless systems can relax via other mechanisms such as phase-mixing, Landau damping and violent relaxation. Phase-mixing and Landau damping take several dynamical times to achieve completion. Both these processes can be described using a linear order perturbation of the collisionless Boltzmann …

Go to article

Essays On Growth And Inequality, Trevor Colton Williams Apr 2023

Essays On Growth And Inequality, Trevor Colton Williams

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

I present three essays in growth and inequality. The first chapter considers the geographic distribution of research and development (R&D). A few cities perform a large share of R&D in the United States. The social return to R&D depends not only on the size of knowledge spillovers but also on the size of profits. To the extent that knowledge transmission is imperfect across space, these two objects vary across space.While prior literature has documented local knowledge spillovers, there is little systematic evidence on geographic variation in private profits from R&D. In this direction, I document a new fact from the …

Go to article

Socially Responsible Operations: Essays On Public Sector Management, Yu Shi Apr 2023

Socially Responsible Operations: Essays On Public Sector Management, Yu Shi

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation studies a range of topics in social responsibility and the operations of public sector. The three essays presented in this dissertation are intended to provide normative recommendations to better inform public-policy decisions, through the examination of private-public sector interactions. Chapter 1 focuses on the enforcement of environmental/labor regulations and highlights the role of self-inspection by the regulated entity. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on the management of the Australian blood bank. The chapters identify a causal relationship between blood age and hospital demand, and propose novel remedies to improve the blood bank's supply chain. Chapter 1, "Competing to …

Go to article

High-Resolution Planetary Forensics, Samuel Cabot Apr 2023

High-Resolution Planetary Forensics, Samuel Cabot

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Planetary bodies maintain records of their past and present states. These records are stored within atmospheric chemistry, interior petrology, and orbital dynamics. Often, they are corrupted by physical processes: irradiation, erosion, dynamical chaos, or collisions; or, their signatures are too weak for robust interpretation. These planetary bodies are “uncommunicative worlds.” Examples of these worlds span our Solar System’s planets, interstellar objects, and distant exoplanets. Only limited information can be gleaned by current-generation instruments. These objects require an innovative class of “planetary forensics” to elucidate their occurrence rates, formation pathways, and evolutionary histories. In this dissertation, I invent new techniques and …

Go to article

Novel Uses Of Machine Learning For Differential Jet Quenching Measurements At The Lhc, Hannah Jean Bossi Apr 2023

Novel Uses Of Machine Learning For Differential Jet Quenching Measurements At The Lhc, Hannah Jean Bossi

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

At sufficiently high temperatures and pressures, QCD matter becomes a hot and dense deconfined medium known as the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Collisions of relativistic heavy ions are used to recreate the QGP, providing a rich laboratory for exploring the mysteries of the strong interaction. The intrinsic and dynamic properties of the QGP are probed with jets, narrow cones of particles resulting from the scattering of quarks and gluons with a high momentum transfer. In heavy-ion collisions, jets interact with the QGP as they traverse it, leading to jet energy loss and modification of the jet's internal structure. The ALICE detector …

Go to article

Limits Of Asymptotically Fuchsian Surfaces In A Closed Hyperbolic 3-Manifold, Fernando Al Assal Apr 2023

Limits Of Asymptotically Fuchsian Surfaces In A Closed Hyperbolic 3-Manifold, Fernando Al Assal

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Let $M$ be a closed hyperbolic 3-manifold. Let $\nu_{\Gr M}$ denote the probability volume (Haar) measure of the 2-plane Grassmann bundle $\Gr M$ of $M$ and let $\nu_T$ denote the area measure on $\Gr M$ of an immersed closed totally geodesic surface $T\se M$. We say a sequence of $\pi_1$-injective maps $f_i:S_i\to M$ of surfaces $S_i$ is \emph{asymptotically Fuchsian} if $f_i$ is $K_i$-quasifuchsian with $K_i\to 1$ as $i\to \infty$. We show that the set of weak-* limits of the probability area measures induced on $\Gr M$ by asymptotically Fuchsian minimal or pleated maps $f_i:S_i\to M$ of closed connected surfaces $S_i$ …

Go to article

Human Cerebral Organoids For Modeling Neurodevelopmental And Infectious Disease, Ce Zhang Apr 2023

Human Cerebral Organoids For Modeling Neurodevelopmental And Infectious Disease, Ce Zhang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Human cerebral organoids are three-dimensional cultures of brain-like tissue that model early human fetal cortical development. They recapitulate important neurodevelopmental events, including neural progenitor cell expansion, formation of a well-defined outer radial glia layer resembling the human outer subventricular zone, neurogenesis, and neuronal migration. In this study, I utilize cerebral organoids generated from induced pluripotent stem cells as a human-specific platform to investigate the mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental and infectious central nervous system disease. The immediate application for cerebral organoids is to address the global healthpandemic of COVID-19 and its associated neurological manifestations. I demonstrate that exposure of cerebral organoids to …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last