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Organic Matter Decomposition Pathways And Oxygen Consumption In Coastal Marine Sediments, James E. Mackin, Kenneth T. Swider

Journal of Marine Research

In this study, we investigate the possible use of ∑CO₂ production, determined from anoxic incubation experiments, and natural solute (O₂, NH₄⁺, SO₄^–) distributions to infer the pathways of organic matter decomposition in nearshore marine sediments. Integrated ∑CO₂ production from anoxic incubation experiments agreed well with direct measurements of ∑CO₂ fluxes across oxic sediment-water interfaces in Long Island Sound and Flax Pond salt marsh. This implies that anoxic incubations give reliable estimates of organic carbon remineralization rates. Therefore, anoxic ∑CO₂ production, as a function of depth, was used to …

A Brownian-Pumping Model For Oceanic Trace Metal Scavenging: Evidence From Th Isotopes, B. D. Honeyman, P. H. Santschi

Journal of Marine Research

Two observed characteristics of Th isotope and stable metal sorption in natural aquatic systems are seemingly at odds with physico-chemical adsorption theory: (1) characteristic sorption times of days to weeks and (2) K_ds which are inversely related in magnitude to particle concentrations. In addition, sorption rate constants are positiveiy correlated with particle concentrations and K_d. This paper presents a conceptual and mathematical model with which it is proposed that these metal sorption characteristics have the same underlying physical process in common: the coagulation of colloidal (nonfilterable) particles onto larger (filterable) particles. “Brownian pumping” (the transfer of …

The Ventilated Thermocline In Quasigeostrophic Approximation, Myrl C. Hendershott

Journal of Marine Research

The ventilated thermocline model of Luyten et al. (hereafter LPS), (1983) is reformulated in the quasigeostrophic approximation. The quasigeostrophic solutions with zonal outcrop lines capture the salient features of the solutions of LPS. When the outcrop lines are sufficiently nonzonal, the quasigeostrophic solutions resemble those of Parsons (1969), Veronis (1973), and Huang (1984), resolving an inconsistency in Parsons' solution. But an attempt to close the quasigeostrophic solution having two moving layers with a western boundary current in which friction is parameterized as a linear drag coefficient results in an ill posed problem. The paper concludes with a comparison of cross-gyre …

A Nonlinear, Time-Dependent Thermocline Theory, William K. Dewar

Journal of Marine Research

A noneddy resolving, time-dependent, nonlinear theory of the large-scale ocean circulation is presented. The variability in this theory occurs as a response to variability in forcing. Baroclinic and barotropic evolution is computed using a two-layer, quasigeostrophic, wind-driven model. Both analytical and numerical solutions are obtained. Attention is focussed on the low-frequency, basin scale fluctuations of the wind. Based on these restrictions, the various modes of response are separated by means of a multiple time scale analysis. The barotropic response is found to be effectively instantaneous, and a relatively simple advection equation is shown to govern the baroclinic response. Analytical solutions …

Offset And Sterilization Under Fixed Exchange Rates With An Optimizing Central Bank, Nouriel Roubini

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Terms Of Trade, Commercial Policy, And The Black Market For Foreign Exchange: An Empirical Model Of Real Exchange Ratedetermination, Ibrahil Elbadawi

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Current Account And Budget Deficits In An Intertemporal Model Of Consumption And Taxation Smoothing. A Solution To The ‘Feldsteinn-Horioka Puzzle’?, Nouriel Roubini

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

The Economic Impact Of Agricultural Extension: A Review, Dean Birkhaeuser, Robert Evenson, Gershon Feder

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

The Third Birth In Sweden, James J. Heckman, James R. Walker

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

The Correlation Between Objective Lens Opacity And Laser Interferometric Contrast Sensitivity In The Cataract Patient, Zachary G. Klett

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

The Emergency Diagnosis Of Acute Ischemic Bowel, John A. Thompson

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Accommodation For Head Growth In Pediatric Cochlear Implantation, David Ryan Marks

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

On The Contribution Of The Benthos To Pelagic Production, Peter H. Doering

Journal of Marine Research

Annual production and consumption of oxygen were compared in large outdoor mesocosms differing only in the presence or absence of an intact benthic community and associated sediments. Both daily apparent production and nighttime respiration of oxygen were greater in tanks with a benthos. The fluxes of oxygen into, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen out of the bottom were also greater in tanks with an intact benthos. In tanks with a benthos, calculated gross system production increased 33% relative to tanks lacking a benthos. Depending on assumed O:N ratios only 45–60% of this increase was attributable to differences in the flux of …

On The Barotropic Planetary Oscillations Of The Pacific, Arthur J. Miller

Journal of Marine Research

Free linear solutions of the barotropic shallow-water equations are computed for a variety of basin shapes and topographies relevant to the Pacific Ocean. Attention is drawn to the 2-day to 6-day period band within which large-scale coherency is observed in Pacific tide-gauge records of sea level. In a particular model basin with realistic topography, the fundamental planetary mode of the Pacific occurs with a period of 3 days and four other planetary-topographic modes populate the 4–6 day period band. We argue that the frequencies and structures of these modes are representative of the largest-scale vorticity oscillations of the Pacific and …

Lead-210 And Polonium-210 In Pteropod And Heteropod Mollusc Shells From The North Pacific: Evaluation Of Sample Treatments And Variation With Shell Size, Victoria J. Fabry, Margaret L. Delaney

Journal of Marine Research

Lead-210 activities in carefully cleaned size groups of pteropod and heteropod shells from the eastern equatorial Pacific were typically 0.3 dpm/g shell, similar to those reported in other biogenic calcium carbonates. However, ²¹⁰Po activities were in excess of levels expected from the decay of shell-incorporated ²¹⁰Pb, with (²¹⁰Po/²¹⁰Pb) activity ratios ranging from 20 to 28 in size-fractionated samples. Sample treatment procedures were examined using pteropod shells collected from diverse locations of the North Pacific. Possible sources of ²¹⁰Po in excess of ²¹⁰Pb in shells include inclusion of ²¹⁰Po in the organic …

Hypertrophic Response In Primary Single-Cell Culture Of Adult Rat Myocardial Cells, Phillip Chung-Ming Yang

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Cholescintigraphy After Endoscopic Papillotomy In Patients With An Intact Gallbladder, Michael Alan Price

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Lender Of Last Resort: The Concept In History, Thomas M. Humphrey

Documents

No abstract provided.

Investigation Of Aqueous Humor Flow In The Rabbit With The Use Of Fluoresceinated Dextrans, Susan Redfield Carter

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Yale University School Of Medicine, Department Of Surgery Annual Report 1989-1990, Yale School Of Medicine Department Of Surgery

Yale Department of Surgery Bulletins

Annual report for 1989-1990.

The Response Of The Coastal Ocean To Strong Offshore Winds: With Application To Circulations In The Gulfs Of Tehuantepec And Papagayo, Julian P. Mccreary Jr., Hyong S. Lee, David B. Enfield

Journal of Marine Research

Two ocean models are used to investigate the response of the coastal ocean to strong offshore winds: a linear 1½-layer model, and a nonlinear 1½-layer model that allows entrainment of cool water into the surface layer. The models are forced by wind stress fields similar in structure to the intense winter-time, mountain-pass jets (∼20 dyne/cm²) that appear in the Gulfs of Tehuantepec and Papagayo for periods of 3–10 days. Solutions are arranged in a hierarchy of increasing dynamical complexity, in order to illustrate the important physical processes. They compare favorably with observations in several ways. Some properties of …

Microscale And Finescale Variations Of Small Plankton In Coastal And Pelagic Environments, R. W. Owen

Journal of Marine Research

Small-interval water sampling in oceanic subsurface layers in a variety of macroenvironments for microplankton and for characteristics of their environment revealed concentration variations that often exceed errors of sampling and measurement. I report incidence and degree of microscale and finescale organism patchiness and their dependency on the local environment and on certain characteristics of the organisms themselves. Scale analysis indicates that patchiness occurs below as well as above the 20 cm intervals sampled. Incidence and degree of patchiness were about the same in separate eastern boundary regions, off California and Perú. Effects of environmental characteristics on organism patchiness are clearly …

Derivative Analysis Of Spectral Absorption By Photosynthetic Pigments In The Western Sargasso Sea, R. R. Bidigare, J. H. Morrow, D. A. Kiefer

Journal of Marine Research

Concurrent measurements of the spectral absorption coefficient and photosynthetic pigmentation of natural particulates were performed to determine the principal pigments responsible for the absorption of spectral irradiance in seawater. The spectral absorption coefficient, Ap(λ), was then analyzed by taking the second and fourth derivatives with respect to wavelength. The wavelength and magnitude of these derivative values provide useful information regarding the identification and quantification of phytoplankton pigments responsible for a given spectral signature. Linear relationships were examined and established between derivative values at selected wavelengths and concentrations of the major tetrapyrrole pigments, specifically chlorophylls a, b, and …

Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation And Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics, Annalisa Griffa, Rick Salmon

Journal of Marine Research

In this paper, we show that numerical solutions of the single-layer quasigeostrophic equation in a beta-plane basin approach the state predicted by equilibrium statistical mechanics when the forcing and dissipation are (unrealistically) zero. This equilibrium state, which we call Fofonoff flow, consists of a quasi-steady uniform westward interior flow closed by inertial boundary layers. When wind stress and bottom drag are switched on, we find that the nonlinear terms in the quasigeostrophic equation still try to drive the flow toward Fofonoff flow, but their success at this depends strongly on the geometry of the wind stress. If the prescribed wind …

Large-Scale Sst Anomalies Associated With Subtropical Fronts In The Western North Atlantic During Fasinex, George R. Halliwell Jr., Peter Cornillon

Journal of Marine Research

We describe the large-scale variability of sea surface temperature (T_s) and fronts in the western North Atlantic Subtropical Convergence Zone from January–June 1986 within an approximately 11° longitude by 10° latitude domain. Fronts were primarily found within interconnected bands separated by <500 km that tended to be located on the periphery of anisotropic T_s spatial anomaly features that propagated westward at about 3 km day^–1. Relatively weak and strong (small or large |∇T_s|) segments of the dominant zonally-oriented frontal band (the Subtropical Frontal Zone, or SFZ) shifted westward with these anomaly features, which had characteristic peak-to-peak space scales of up to ≈800 km …

Density Of The Major Size Groups Of Benthic Fauna And Trophic Input In Deep Basins Of The Atlantic Ocean, Myriam Sibuet, Claude E. Lambert, Roger Chesselet, Lucien Laubier

Journal of Marine Research

Seven deep-sea areas were studied in the Atlantic Ocean. An intensive and comparable benthic sampling program was conducted during several deep-sea biology cruises with IFREMER research ships and mainly with the RV Jean Charcot, in the Norwegian Sea, the Bay of Biscay, the Porcupine Seabight, the Vema Fracture Zone, the Demerara abyssal plain, the Cape Verde Basin, the Angola and Cape basins near the Walvis Ridge. A synthesis of community structure data has been realized and the benthic fauna, quantitatively sampled, was separated into three main size categories (meiofauna, macrofauna sensu stricto and megafauna). Comparison of population densities in …

Maximal Quantum Yield Of Photosynthesis In The Northwestern Sargasso Sea, J. S. Cleveland, M. J. Perry, D. A. Kiefer, M. C. Talbot

Journal of Marine Research

The magnitude and variability of the maximal quantum yield of photosynthesis were examined in the northwestern Sargasso Sea in April 1985. Maximal quantum yield was calculated from light-limited photosynthetic rates and spectrally-weighted absorption coefficients. The absorption by total particulates collected on a glass fiber filter was partitioned into two components, one associated with living phytoplankton and one associated with other absorbing particles. Two types of maximal quantum yield were calculated: one from the absorption by total particulates and one from the absorption by the phytoplanktonic component alone. Maximal quantum yield calculated from absorption by total particulates was low [0.014 to …

Psychological, Social, And Economic Aspects Of Juvenile Diabetes Which May Influence The Use Of 'Self-Monitoring Of Blood Glucose' Techniques, Ira Marc Cheifetz

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

A Dengue Antibody Prevalence Study In New Providence, Bahamas, Veronica Toppin

Public Health Theses

Approximately 275 persons currently residing in New Providence, and whose ages ranged from 1-60 years were chosen to participate in school and pre/post natal clinic surveys testing for dengue antibody. Two hundred nine persons responded favorably. Blood samples taken from these individuals were tested for dengue antibody utilizing the IgM (MAC) Capture ELISA, the IgG ELISA and/or the Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Twelve percent of the population tested were < 5 years, and the majority of the participants (55%) were between the ages of 5 and 9 Years.

The results showed that 15.4 % of the females, and 5.1 % of the males tested positive for dengue antibody. Three percent of the persons who tested positive to dengue were …

Human Capital And Agricultural Productivity Change, Robert E. Evenson

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.