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Seigniorage In Europe, Vittorio Grilli

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin Of The School Of Medicine, Fall 1988- Summer 1990, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This volume contains Yale medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.23 (Fall 1988) through v.24 (Summer 1990). Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965).

Digitized with funding from the Arcadia fund, 2017.

On The International Capital Ownership Pattern At The Turn Of The Twenty Firth Century, Koichi Hamada, Kazumasa Iwata

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

A Theoretical Framework For The Analysis Of Inflation In The Prc, John C. H. Fei

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Socioeconomic Determinants Of Fertility In Côte D’Ivoire, Martha Ainsworth

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Estimation And Inference In Models Of Cointegration: A Simulation Study, Bruce E. Hansen, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper studies the finite sample distributions of estimators of the cointegrating vector of linear regression models with I(1) variables. Attention is concentrated on the least squares (OLS) and instrumental variables (IV) methods analyzed in other recent work (Phillips and Hansen (1988)). The general preference of OLS to IV techniques suggested by asymptotic theory is reinforced by our simulations. An exception arises for cases of low signal to noise, where spurious IV techniques (so named for their use of instruments that are structurally unrelated to the model) outperform uncorrected least squares. We verify the presence of a small sample estimation …

International Convergence Of Capital Measurement And Capital Standards, Basel Committee On Banking Supervision (Bcbs)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Heteroskedasticity And Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation, Donald W.K. Andrews

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper is concerned with the estimation of covariance matrices in the presence of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation of unknown forms. Currently available estimators that are designed for this context depend upon the choice of a lag truncation parameter and a weighting scheme. Results in the literature provide a condition on the growth rate of the lag truncation parameter as T → ∞ that is sufficient for consistency. No results are available, however, regarding the choice of a lag truncation parameter for a fixed sample size, regarding data-dependent automatic lag truncation parameters, or regarding the choice of weighing scheme. In consequence, …

Sovereign Debt Renegotiation Under Asymmetric Information, Kenneth Kletzer

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Error Correction And Long Run Equilibrium In Continuous Time, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper deals with error correction models (ECM’s) and cointegrated systems that are formulated in continuous time. Problems of representation, identification, estimation and time aggregation are discussed. It is shown that every ECM in continuous time has a discrete time equivalent model in ECM format. Moreover, both models may be written as triangular systems with stationary errors. This formulation simplifies both the continuous and the discrete time ECM representations and it helps to motivate a class of optimal inference procedures. It is further shown that long run equilibria in the continuous system are always identified in the discrete time reduced …

Spectral Regression For Cointegrated Time Series, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper studies the use of spectral regression techniques in the context of cointegrated systems of multiple time series. Several alternatives are considered including efficient and band spectral methods as well as system and single equation techniques. It is shown that single equation spectral regressions suffer asymptotic bias and nuisance parameter problems that render these regressions impotent for inferential purposes. By contrast systems methods are shown to be covered by LAMN asymptotic theory, bringing the advantages of asymptotic media unbiasedness, scale nuisance parameters and the convenience of asymptotic chi-squared tests. System spectral methods also have advantages over full system direct …

Nonsense Mutations In The Human Beta Globin Gene Affect Mrna Metabolism, Susan J. Baserga

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

A common mutation causing thalassemia in Mediterranean populations is an amber (UAG) nonsense mutation at the 39th codon of the human β globin gene, the β-39 mutation. Studies of mRNA metabolism in reticulocytes from patients with β-39 thalassemia and studies using heterologous transfection systems have suggested the possibility that this mutation affects not only protein synthesis but also alters mRNA metabolism. This phenomenon has been investigated further by two approaches. A careful series of RNA expression studies were performed comparing expression of β-39 to β-normal (β-nl). These experiments led to the conclusion that the defect in expression of the β-39 …

Alteration Of The Adenylate Cyclase System In Specific Regions Of Brain Infected With Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Susan Valley

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) disease is an infectious, progressive neurological disorder which results in human dementia. Synaptic membranes from various brain regions of guinea pigs and hamsters infected with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease show increased guanyl nucleotide mediated activation of adenylate cyclase which appears to be due to a greater coupling of stimulatory subunits (Ns) and not to a decreased coupling of inhibitory subunits (Ni) or to a change in the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase. In addition to the increase in Ns coupling, CJD infected membranes appear to be more fluidized than normal membranes especially in the cerebral cortex. Experiments with selected neurotransmitters …

Statistical Inference In Instrumental Variables Regression With I(1) Processes, Peter C.B. Phillips, Bruce E. Hansen

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper studies the asymptotic properties of instrumental variable (IV) estimates of multivariate cointegrating regressions. The framework of study is based on earlier work by Phillips and Durlauf (1986) and Park and Phillips (1988, 1989). In particular, the results in these papers are extended to allow for IV regressions that accommodate deterministic and stochastic regressors as well as quite general deterministic processes in the data generating mechanism. It is found that IV regressions are consistent even when the instruments are stochastically independent of the regressors. This phenomenon, which contrasts with traditional theory for stationary time series, is a beneficial artifact …

Testimony By Alan Greenspan, Chairman, Board Of Governors Of The Federal Reserve System, Before The Committee On Banking, Housing, And Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Alan Greenspan

Documents

No abstract provided.

Food Aid: A Cause, Or Symptom Of Development Failure Or An Instrument For Success?, T. N. Srinivasan

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Optimal Inference In Cointegrated Systems, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper studies the properties of maximum likelihood estimates of co-integrated systems. Alternative formulations of such models are considered including a new triangular system error correction mechanism. It is shown that full system maximum likelihood brings the problem of inference within the family that is covered by the locally asymptotically mixed normal asymptotic theory provided that all unit roots in the system have been eliminated by specification and data transformation. This result has far reaching consequences. It means that cointegrating coefficient estimates are symmetrically distributed and median unbiased asymptotically, that an optimal asymptotic theory of inference applies and that hypothesis …

Nota Bene; Volume Ii, Number I, Yale University Library

Nota Bene

Nota Bene is published during the academic year to acquaint the Yale community and others with the resources of the Yale Library.

Interaction Of Internal Waves And Mean Flow Observed Near A Coast, Pijush K. Kundu, Richard E. Thomson, Barbara M. Hickey, Paul H. Leblond

Journal of Marine Research

Vortex stretching has been proposed as a possible mechanism by which internal waves can extract energy from the mean flow. Relationships between the slowly varying (ω < 0.25 cpd) and rapidly varying (0.13 cph < ω < 0.5 cph) components of the flow have been examined in a 4-month-long data set taken off the coast of British Columbia. The rapidly varying component of horizontal velocity generally rotates clockwise, and is in rough agreement with internal wave dynamics. It is horizontally incoherent within a distance of 10 km and is vertically coherent across the water column with a nearly 180° phase change. Scatter plots show that the wavefield is anisotropic, with the Reynolds stresses generally obeying uv < 0, vw < 0 and uw > 0, where (u, v, w) are the fluctuating velocity components in the (onshore, alongshore, upward) directions. Instances have been found in which time variations of uv and the mean horizontal shear rate V_x are negatively correlated, with an implied horizontal viscosity of V_H ∼ (3 ± 2) × 10⁵ cm²/s. No correlation of vw and the mean vertical shear V …

Cross-Phyletic Patterns Of Particle Selection By Deposit Feeders, Robert F. L. Self, Peter A. Jumars

Journal of Marine Research

In controlled laboratory experiments using a wide array of exotic sediments of known characteristics (glass and plastic beads) we studied the mechanical, evolutionarily-fixed component of particle selection for ingestion in 5 surface and 6 subsurface deposit feeders, from 3 phyla (Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda). Three species were nonselective within all or part of the 3-324 μm particle size range tested, while the remaining 8 species exhibited unimodal patterns of size selection, peaking near 6 μm. In addition, the surface deposit feeders displayed a strong preference for particles of low specific gravity. Particle selection in tube construction by the polychaetes …

Buoyancy Driven Planetary Flows, A. Colin De Verdière

Journal of Marine Research

The large scale flow patterns driven by surface buoyancy flux are obtained as numerical solutions of the planetary geostrophic equations to which dissipation and diffusion have been appended. Within a cartesian β plane, square box geometry, the solution is made of gyres of the largest possible size with western and northern intensification, anticyclonic above the main thermocline, cyclonic below. Within regions of heat gain, the classical equilibrium between downward eddy diffusion and vertical upwelling is approximately observed in the main thermocline. As a consequence the abyssal circulation (southern interior and western boundary current) behave according to the early Stommel-Arons' ideas. …

Recent Moored Current Meter And Sofar Float Observations In The Eastern Atlantic Near 32n, William J. Schmitz Jr., James F. Price, Philip L. Richardson

Journal of Marine Research

Basic flow statistics from the two-year deployment of a mooring in the vicinity of 32N and 24W are presented, along with intercomparisons between SOFAR float results concurrent with the first year of moored instrument data. Current-temperature meters were deployed in the main thermocline (∼500 m depth), in Mediterranean Water (1000–1100 m depth) along with the SOFAR floats, and at an abyssal (∼3000 m) level. The float and current meter averages over a common time interval are at least roughly the same, with eddy field intercomparisons being better than those for mean flow. Strong year-to-year variability in the time-averaged flow and …

Microbial-Meiofaunal Interrelationships In Some Tropical Intertidal Sediments, Daniel M. Alongi

Journal of Marine Research

Interrelationships among microbial and meiofaunal communities were examined for one year at four intertidal mangrove and sandflat habitats in tropical northeastern Australia. None of the microbial and meiofaunal communities correlated with physical factors over the year as densities of most microbial and meiofaunal groups, bacterial productivity and specific growth rates (μ) of bacteria fluctuated significantly over time at each habitat with no distinct seasonality. However, over a tidal cycle, bacterial growth rates were significantly affected by tidal flooding and exposure on the sandflat; bacterial growth rates increased with increasing sediment temperatures upon exposure during daylight. Protozoan and meiofaunal …

A Provisional Diagenetic Model For Ph In Anoxic Porewaters: Application To The Foam Site, Bernard P. Boudreau, Donald E. Canfield

Journal of Marine Research

This paper presents a diffusion-advection-reaction model for the pH of anoxic porewaters in nonirrigated sediments. Because of the couplings demanded by the organic-matter decay reaction, various acid-base interconversions, dissolved-iron generation, and CaCO₃ and FeS precipitation, the model does not consider H⁺ alone, but deals simultaneously with 17 dissolved species. The complex and largely unknown kinetics of some of the processes affecting these species have been approximated by simple ad hoc formulations. For this reason, the model must be considered provisional. We have also made extensive use of the local (partial) equilibrium assumption to circumvent the computational problems generated …

Implications Of Conservation Equations For The Determination Of Absolute Velocities, C. L. Frenzen, Alex C. Warn-Varnas

Journal of Marine Research

The consequences of assuming that density is conserved in the problem of determining absolute velocities are investigated. Two questions are considered: (i) the constraints that the density must satisfy to be compatible with the assumed geostrophic and hydrostatic dynamics and (ii) whether and to what extent the indeterminacy in this dynamics is removed by this additional assumption.

Field Measurements Of The Fluid And Sediment-Dynamic Environment Of A Benthic Deposit Feeder, Douglas C. Miller, Richard W. Sternberg

Journal of Marine Research

Field measurements of flow and sediment transport at an intertidal site in False Bay, San Juan Island, Washington, U.S.A., revealed an environment dominated by wind wave-generated oscillatory flows and discrete sediment suspension events. Time series data showed that within a few tenths of a second, near-bottom suspended sediment concentrations can rise to 10 g l^–1. These rapid erosion events are correlated with peak wave velocities and are followed by a more gradual (tens of seconds) decline in sediment concentration due to settling and advection. Large suspension events mixed detect able quantities of sediment to a height of 20 …

Nitrogen Uptake And Nh4+ Regeneration By Pelagic Microplankton And Marine Snow From The North Atlantic, Patricia M. Glibert, Mark R. Dennett, David A. Caron

Journal of Marine Research

Comparative rates of nitrogen uptake and NH₄⁺ regeneration by plankton of <153 and <5 μm in size were determined in the Sargasso Sea and Gulf Stream, and by plankton associated with marine snow in the Gulf Stream during May 1982. Rates of total nitrogen uptake of Sargasso Sea phytoplankton exceeded those of the Gulf Stream phytoplankton by factors ranging from 1.8 to 5.6. Rates of microplankton NH₄⁺ regeneration equaled or exceeded rates of NH₄⁺ uptake in the Sargasso Sea, but in the Gulf Stream were negligible in all but one case. Significant rates of NH_{4 …}

Plankton Dynamics On The Outer Southeastern U.S. Continental Shelf. Part Ii: A Time-Dependent Biological Model, Eileen E. Hofmann, Julie W. Ambler

Journal of Marine Research

A system of ten coupled ordinary differential equations was developed to investigate the time-dependent behavior of phytoplankton and copepod populations associated with frontal eddy and bottom intrusion upwelling features on the outer southeastern U.S. continental shelf. Model equations describe the interactions of nitrate, ammonium, two phytoplankton size fractions (>10 μm and <10 μm), five copepod categories that represent the developmental stages of a population, and a detrital pool. Formulations for the biological processes are based primarily upon data obtained from laboratory and field experiments for southeastern U.S. continental shelf plankton populations. Time series of nutrient and plankton distributions …

Methods For Estimating Value Of Time With An Application To The Philippines, Charles C. Griffin

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Maternal Schooling And Its Interaction With Public Health Programs In Child Health Production, Albino Barrera

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.