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Excerpt From The Imf's World Economic Outlook, October 2009: Sustaining The Recovery - Chapter 3 : Lessons For Monetary Policy From Asset Price Fluctuations, International Monetary Fund (Imf) Jan 2007

Excerpt From The Imf's World Economic Outlook, October 2009: Sustaining The Recovery - Chapter 3 : Lessons For Monetary Policy From Asset Price Fluctuations, International Monetary Fund (Imf)

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No abstract provided.

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Altered Parvalbumin-Positive Neuron Distribution In Basal Ganglia Of Individuals With Tourette Syndrome, Paul S.A. Kalanithi Jan 2007

Altered Parvalbumin-Positive Neuron Distribution In Basal Ganglia Of Individuals With Tourette Syndrome, Paul S.A. Kalanithi

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The neuropathology of Tourette Syndrome (TS) is poorly characterized. This thesis provides the first quantitative stereologic immunohistochemical study of the basal ganglia in TS. TS is a childhood neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Previous imaging studies found alterations in caudate (Cd) and putamen (Pt) volumes. To investigate possible alterations in cell populations, postmortem basal ganglia tissue from individuals with TS and normal controls (NC) was analyzed using unbiased stereological techniques. A markedly higher (>160% of control) total neuron number and density was found in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) of TS (p220% of …

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Information Loss In Volatility Measurement With Flat Price Trading, Peter C.B. Phillips, Jun Yu Jan 2007

Information Loss In Volatility Measurement With Flat Price Trading, Peter C.B. Phillips, Jun Yu

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

A model of price determination is proposed that incorporates flat trading features into an efficient price process. The model involves the superposition of a Brownian semimartingale process for the efficient price and a Bernoulli process that determines the extent of flat price trading. A limit theory for the conventional realized volatility (RV) measure of integrated volatility is developed. The results show that RV is still consistent but has an inflated asymptotic variance that depends on the probability of flat trading. Estimated quarticity is similarly affected, so that both the feasible central limit theorem and the inferential framework suggested in Barndorff-Nielson …

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Social Memory And Evidence From The Past, Luca Anderlini, Dino Gerardi, Roger Lagunoff Jan 2007

Social Memory And Evidence From The Past, Luca Anderlini, Dino Gerardi, Roger Lagunoff

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Examples of repeated destructive behavior abound throughout the history of human societies. This paper examines the role of social memory — a society’s vicarious beliefs about the past — in creating and perpetuating destructive conflicts. We examine whether such behavior is consistent with the theory of rational strategic behavior. We analyze an infinite-horizon model in which two countries face off each period in an extended Prisoner’s Dilemma game in which an additional possibility of mutually destructive “all out war” yields catastrophic consequence for both sides. Each country is inhabited by a dynastic sequence of individuals who care about future individuals …

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Goldman Fabrice Tourre Email To Jonathan Egol, Psi Exhibit 61, Fabrice Tourre, Jonathan Egol Dec 2006

Goldman Fabrice Tourre Email To Jonathan Egol, Psi Exhibit 61, Fabrice Tourre, Jonathan Egol

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No abstract provided.

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Center For Responsible Lending, Losing Ground Foreclosures In The Subprime Market And Their Cost To Homeowners, Ellen Schloemer, Wei Li, Keith Ernst, Kathleen Keest Dec 2006

Center For Responsible Lending, Losing Ground Foreclosures In The Subprime Market And Their Cost To Homeowners, Ellen Schloemer, Wei Li, Keith Ernst, Kathleen Keest

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No abstract provided.

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Memo Re: Occ Letter From Scott N Waterhouse To Bruce W Johnson Re Recommendation For Removal Of Formal Agreement, Bruce W. Johnson Nov 2006

Memo Re: Occ Letter From Scott N Waterhouse To Bruce W Johnson Re Recommendation For Removal Of Formal Agreement, Bruce W. Johnson

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No abstract provided.

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Kleros Real Estate Iii Cdo Offering Circular, Ubs Investment Bank Nov 2006

Kleros Real Estate Iii Cdo Offering Circular, Ubs Investment Bank

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This offering circular serves the interest of Kleros Real Estate CDO III and UBS Investment Bank.

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The Impact Of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol On Five-Year Mortality In Older Adults, Lisa Millman Nov 2006

The Impact Of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol On Five-Year Mortality In Older Adults, Lisa Millman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III) guidelines have defined a high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of <50 mg/dL in women and <40 mg/dL in men as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Our research aim was to examine the relationship between untreated HDL-C levels below this recommended level on five year cardiovascular, stroke, and all-cause mortality in adults over 71 years of age. The Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) is a prospective cohort study of community dwelling adults over 65 years of age in East Boston, MA; Iowa and Washington Counties, IA; New Haven, CT; and Durham, NC. The National Institutes of Aging (NIA) started EPESE to study health, social, psychological, and economic aspects of older adults lives through extensive annual interviews. The EPESE dataset is further enriched by serum measures including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, BUN and creatinine, which were obtained at the sixth annual follow-up interview. Our primary outcome was all-cause mortality with secondary mortality outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), coronary artery disease (CAD) not AMI, and congestive heart failure (CHF). The mean age of our cohort was 78.7 years with the majority being female (63.86%), white (88.15%), and married (52.80%). Just over half (52.07%) of our cohort met the criteria for low HDL-C as defined by ATP III. Chi square and Fisher exact test were used to compare demographics (age, gender, race, marital status, education), clinical variables (history of MI, cancer, diabetes, angina, smoking, alcohol use), and functional variables (activities of daily living, gross mobility, cognitive status) at baseline and five year follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models were created using a step-wise approach to assess the impact of low HDL-C on mortality. Low HDL-C was not significantly associated with crude all-cause (P= .413), AMI (P= .473), CHF (P= .259), and stroke (P= .345) mortality. HDL-C was significantly associated with unadjusted CAD (P= .033) mortality. However, after adjustment for demographics, clinical, and functional variables as well as the other blood values all outlined above, HDL-C was not associated with five year all-cause, AMI, CAD, CHF or stroke mortality with adjusted hazard ratios of (HR=1.03, 95% CI 0.90-1.18), (HR=1.09, 95% CI 0.70-1.71), (HR=1.33, 95% CI 0.91-1.92), (HR=1.07, 95% CI 0.63-1.81) and (HR=0.80, 95% CI 0.51-1.27) respectively. In older community dwelling adults enrolled in EPESE, low HDL-C levels as stratified by current recommended guidelines (<50 mg/dL in women and <40 mg/dL in men) were not associated with increased risk of five-year cardiovascular, stroke or all-cause mortality. HDL-C alone may have minimal effect on future longevity in older adults due to competing risk and co-morbid conditions. Further studies are required to determine whether the movement toward more aggressive lipid profile interventions specifically to raise HDL-C in older adults would prove beneficial in this growing segment of our population.

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The Physiological Effects Of Hockey Protective Equipment On High Intensity Intermittent Exercise, Benjamin Noonan Nov 2006

The Physiological Effects Of Hockey Protective Equipment On High Intensity Intermittent Exercise, Benjamin Noonan

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Ice hockey is a contact sport played in a cold environment which leads to assumptions that players are not exposed to a thermal challenge. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the wearing of hockey protective equipment during an exercise protocol designed to simulate a hockey game would induce a thermal challenge and lead to decrements in performance. In order to test this hypothesis and qualify the physiological responses, subjects performed a standardized protocol performed on a stationary cycle ergometer in an environmental chamber set at typical (12ºC) ice hockey ambient conditions. The simulation was performed …

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Effect Of Counterface Roughness On The Cross-Path Wear Of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene, Mary Turell Nov 2006

Effect Of Counterface Roughness On The Cross-Path Wear Of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene, Mary Turell

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is used worldwide as a bearing material in total joint replacement prostheses. Despite its excellent biocompatibility and high wear resistance, wear of UHMWPE components continues to be a major problem limiting the clinical lifespan of UHMWPE-containing orthopaedic implant devices. Multi-directional motion or cross-path motion is known to affect wear rates of UHMWPE in total knee and hip replacement prostheses. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of counterface roughness on the cross-path wear of UHMWPE and to determine if the previously established unified theory of wear model could accurately predict wear rates …

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Multiple Laser Photocoagulation Treatments For The Management Of Diabetic Macular Edema, Sadhna Vora Nov 2006

Multiple Laser Photocoagulation Treatments For The Management Of Diabetic Macular Edema, Sadhna Vora

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study was to evaluate functional and funduscopic outcomes amongst patients receiving multiple treatments with macular laser photocoagulation for clinically significant diabetic macular edema. A record review was conducted of patients who had multiple macular laser treatments for diabetic macular edema. As part of routine follow-up for diabetic macular edema, visual acuity and funduscopic findings were assessed before a given laser treatment and at 6 months afterwards. The study included 64 eyes from 41 patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the proportion of eyes that showed funduscopic improvement after treatment 1 versus the proportion of …

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The Effects Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder On Pregnancy Outcomes, Shari Rogal Nov 2006

The Effects Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder On Pregnancy Outcomes, Shari Rogal

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), diagnosed prospectively during pregnancy, on the occurrence of low birthweight (<2500 grams) and preterm delivery (<37 weeks gestational age). A cohort of 1362 women was recruited from prenatal care visits and screened for depression, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance use. Current episodes of PTSD were assessed using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Pregnancy outcomes were abstracted from hospital records after delivery, and the data were analyzed using logistic regression. Two hundred sixty two women (33%) were lost to follow-up due to unavailable medical records, leaving 1100 women in the final analyses. Among these 1100 women, 31 (3%) were found to have PTSD during pregnancy. Substance use in pregnancy, panic disorder, major and minor depressive disorders, and prior preterm delivery were significantly associated with PTSD in the sample, while age, language spoken, and race were not. Low birthweight (LBW) was present in 6.5% of sampled women and was not significantly associated with a diagnosis of PTSD in pregnancy when adjusting for potential confounders. However, LBW was significantly associated with minor depressive disorder OR= 1.82 (CI=1.01, 3.29). Preterm delivery occurred in 7.0% of those without and 16.1% of those with PTSD (p=0.055). Because prior preterm delivery data were not available for 33% of women with PTSD, this variable was included only in secondary analyses. However, the association between PTSD and preterm delivery depended on this variable, with OR= 2.82 (0.95, 8.38) before controlling for prior preterm delivery and OR=3.35 (1.04, 10.85) after controlling for prior preterm delivery. These data suggest that a possible association of PTSD and preterm delivery was limited by the low rates of PTSD in this cohort and the inability to control for all confounders. Taken together, these findings provide limited support for the hypothesized association between PTSD and preterm delivery and no support for an association of PTSD with LBW.

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The Effects Of Menstrual Phase On The Response Of Cutaneous Microvasculature, Margaret Rose Nov 2006

The Effects Of Menstrual Phase On The Response Of Cutaneous Microvasculature, Margaret Rose

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Estrogen is well-known to be protective against cardiovascular disease in women. In addition to improving lipid metabolism, it also decreases vascular resistance and enhances vascular reflexes, thereby improving vasomotor stability and increasing the arterial capacity for dilatation. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) has demonstrated these changes in research trials, and is emerging as having potential application in many clinical and surgical situations. In this study, our aim was to examine the impact of estrogen upon baseline blood flow as well as the response to vasodilatory interventions and to further evaluate the utility of laser Doppler as a clinical non-invasive measurement of …

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Mother Knows Best: Maternal Experience And Choice Of Infant Sleep Position, Meghan Lane Nov 2006

Mother Knows Best: Maternal Experience And Choice Of Infant Sleep Position, Meghan Lane

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to examine the associations between maternal child-rearing experience, choice of infant sleeping position, and the source, nature and trust of advice received about infant sleeping position in a high-risk, primarily African-American population. Background: The number of deaths attributed to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) has decreased since the initiation of the Back to Sleep campaign in 1994. Although this change has benefited all ethnic groups, African-American infants are still twice as likely to succumb to SIDS as Caucasian infants. Design/Methods: We conducted 668 face-to-face standardized interviews with mothers of infants in Connecticut, Georgia …

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Cellular Oxidative Efficiency: A New Approach To Calculating Theoretical P/O Ratios, Douglas Walled Nov 2006

Cellular Oxidative Efficiency: A New Approach To Calculating Theoretical P/O Ratios, Douglas Walled

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

For decades the oxidative efficiency of cellular metabolism has been under investigation. After numerous reports of varied stoichiometric measurements, consensus in the literature has begun moving toward two currently accepted theoretical P/O ratios (the number of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules formed for every oxygen atom consumed): 2.5 for NADH-linked substrates and 1.5 for FADH2-linked substrates. It is shown here, however, that the currently accepted theoretical values are inappropriately calculated underestimates, and that P/O ratios of real biochemical systems are variable. The complete oxidative metabolism of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, malate, pyruvate, and succinate, utilizing three different electron shuttles (or exclusive mitochondrial metabolism) …

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Upregulation Of Hypoxia-Inducible Genes In Endothelial Cells To Create Artificial Vasculature, Robert Schonberger Nov 2006

Upregulation Of Hypoxia-Inducible Genes In Endothelial Cells To Create Artificial Vasculature, Robert Schonberger

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

This study explored the possibility that upregulation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (Hif-1)-responsive genes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) would promote and stabilize HUVEC formation into inchoate vascular beds within artificial collagen gels. This experiment was designed to explore the above possibility by sub-cloning Hif-1α, the related chimeric construct Hif-1α/VP16, and the marker gene dsRed into retroviral expression vectors, producing retroviral vectors containing these genes, and stably transducing HUVEC using these retroviruses. Transduced HUVEC were to be observed in cell culture as well as after implantation into artificial collagen gels that have previously supported vascular bed formation by HUVEC. …

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Large, Single Institution Review Of Prognostic Factors In Oligodendroglioma, Heather Mckee Nov 2006

Large, Single Institution Review Of Prognostic Factors In Oligodendroglioma, Heather Mckee

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Studies have demonstrated an association between loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 1p and chromosome 19q in oligodendrogliomas with both chemosensitivity and prolonged survival. This represents the first time genetic mutations have been utilized to guide clinical decision making. Studies have also found these genetic mutations to be associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features including indistinct tumor borders on T1-weighted imaging, susceptibility effect, and mixed signal intensity. However, no study has yet demonstrated an association between imaging features and survival. We seek to confirm the clinical utility of known prognostic factors such as age and tumor grade while investigating the …

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Mega-Doses Of L-Ascorbic Acid Alter The Antineoplastic Effects Of Ionizing Radiation In Emt6 Cells In Vitro, Karina Lund Nov 2006

Mega-Doses Of L-Ascorbic Acid Alter The Antineoplastic Effects Of Ionizing Radiation In Emt6 Cells In Vitro, Karina Lund

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Despite the common usage of high-dose vitamin C among breast cancer patients, the published medical literature is not in agreement as to how mega-dose vitamin C may interact with conventional therapy to affect clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of mega-dose vitamin C with radiation therapy and with doxorubicin in the treatment of breast cancer. Cultures of EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells were treated concurrently with varying dose of vitamin C and either radiation or doxorubicin. A clonogenic assay was then performed to determine the surviving fraction of the cells. The surviving fractions of …

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Small Interfering Rna Decreases Vegf Mrna Expression And Proliferation Of Colorectal Cancer Cells, Stephen Ward Nov 2006

Small Interfering Rna Decreases Vegf Mrna Expression And Proliferation Of Colorectal Cancer Cells, Stephen Ward

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) was first described in 1989 for its angiogenic and mitogenic properties. Early studies indicated that VEGF-A acts primarily in a paracrine pathway which is limited to vascular endothelium. Further investigation showed that VEGF-A and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) are expressed by many solid tumors and improve cell growth and survival. Therefore, VEGF-A may act via an autocrine pathway that effects tumor cellular proliferation by binding VEGFR-2 at the cell surface. This study utilizes small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology to investigate the presence of an autocrine loop in human RKO colorectal cancer cells. RT-PCR demonstrated the expression …

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The Effect Of General Anesthesia On Acupuncture: A Functional Mri Study, Dana Weiss Nov 2006

The Effect Of General Anesthesia On Acupuncture: A Functional Mri Study, Dana Weiss

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

We performed a study to examine brain activity as assessed by functional-MRI when acupuncture is administered to awake volunteers as compared to acupuncture administered to volunteers under general anesthesia. Healthy, acupuncture-naive volunteers were recruited for this cross-over study. Volunteers underwent two experimental sessions that included a sequence of 4-20 seconds of on and off manual acupuncture stimulation for a period of 3 minutes while awake and while under propofol general anesthesia. The acupuncture intervention was performed at left stomach 36. General anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol. BOLD signal images were obtained in a 1.5 T MRI scanner in …

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Intracranial Aneurysm As A Paradigm For The Genetic Analysis Of Complex Human Traits, Ali Ozturk Nov 2006

Intracranial Aneurysm As A Paradigm For The Genetic Analysis Of Complex Human Traits, Ali Ozturk

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The genetic analysis of complex human traits is hampered by its multifactorial nature, since potentially many genes are imparting a relatively small effect on the disease trait. This makes it considerably more difficult to identify these genes as compared to single-gene diseases, whereby the disease trait is attributable to only one locus, due mostly to the difficulties of carrying out robust linkage analyses. Several strategies have been employed in order to overcome the obstacles of complex human traits, including the candidate gene, non-parametric, and parametric linkage approaches. Of these, the latter two enjoy the benefit of being genome-wide, while carrying …

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Injection And Non-Injection Drug Users' Beliefs On Mandatory Newborn Hiv Testing Laws In The State Of Connecticut, Odicie Fielder Nov 2006

Injection And Non-Injection Drug Users' Beliefs On Mandatory Newborn Hiv Testing Laws In The State Of Connecticut, Odicie Fielder

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

We examined health beliefs among drug users about mandatory HIV testing of newborns and voluntary versus mandatory testing of pregnant women. We also examined to what extent negative experiences and stigmatization affect attitudes towards HIV testing. Baseline structured interviews of active drug users from 1997-2001 were examined. Multivariate data analysis was performed using SAS statistical software. Subsequently, five distinct focus groups were conducted in September 2003. Focus groups were transcribed, coded and analyzed using Microsoft Word 2000. Of 610 drug users interviewed, nearly all (89%) had been previously HIV tested. Nearly all (91%) subjects believed pregnant women should be tested …

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Differential Endogenous Estrogen Exposure Influences Prefrontal Cortex Response To Acute Stress, Katya Rubinow Nov 2006

Differential Endogenous Estrogen Exposure Influences Prefrontal Cortex Response To Acute Stress, Katya Rubinow

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of differential endogenous estrogen exposure in rats on stress-induced changes in spatial working memory. Subjects comprised male (n=8) and female (n=10) Sprague-Dawley rats, which were trained to complete a T maze, delayed alternation task. Performance was scored as a percentage of trials during which the correct maze arm was selected. Subjects scores were recorded after 1 and 2 hours of restraint stress, as well as after 1 hour of unimpeded movement in a cage placed in the testing room. Restraint stress was effected through physical confinement within plastic, cylindrical tubing. Female …

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The Epidemiology And Clinical Presentation Of Leprosy In The Pediatric Population Of Paraguay, Jessica Anne Kattan Nov 2006

The Epidemiology And Clinical Presentation Of Leprosy In The Pediatric Population Of Paraguay, Jessica Anne Kattan

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: Several aspects concerning the biology and epidemiology of leprosy remain unknown. It has been recognized that the study of children with leprosy could provide important insight into unanswered questions, particularly if disease manifestations are carefully observed. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 308 cases of children aged 0-14 y/o was conducted at the Ministry of Health Leprosy Department in Asuncion, Paraguay. Data regarding age, gender, leprosy classification, transmission, detection, clinical presentation, presence and class of reaction, and disability were abstracted. Results: The study group ranged from 2 to 14 years of age. The incidence rate and the risk of …

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The Effects Of Novel Design Strategies On The Risks And Benefits Of Phase I Oncology Trials, Shlomo Koyfman Nov 2006

The Effects Of Novel Design Strategies On The Risks And Benefits Of Phase I Oncology Trials, Shlomo Koyfman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Considerable ethical debate surrounding the risks and benefits of Phase I oncology trials is based on older response and toxicity data that does not account for recent changes in the types of agents and trial design. This study aims to not only update these data, but to investigate the impact of novel trial designs on various clinical outcomes. We performed a review of the literature using the Medline database. Part I included nearly all phase I trials published in 2002. Part II identified phase I studies of cytotoxic agents alone, published from 2002 through 2004. 221 Phase I oncology studies, …

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Increase In Peripheral Arterial Tone Predicts Myocardial Ischemia Induced By Mental Stress, Brendon Lewis Graeber Nov 2006

Increase In Peripheral Arterial Tone Predicts Myocardial Ischemia Induced By Mental Stress, Brendon Lewis Graeber

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Mental stress ischemia (MSI) is associated with poor prognosis for coronary artery disease (CAD) and is amenable to treatment, yet no easily administered test exists to diagnose it. Given the known increase in systemic vascular tone in response to stress, we studied the ability of peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), a noninvasive functional measure of arterial tone, to predict those vulnerable to MSI. Seventy-seven patients with chronic stable CAD were subjected to mental stress with concomitant assessment of myocardial perfusion and pulse wave amplitude. Nuclear perfusion imaging was used to document MSI, and PAT was used to measure pulse wave and …

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The Ventilatory Response To Normoxic Hypercapnia In Male Pet-1 Knockout Mice And The Influence Of Female Sex Hormones, Simon Roderick Alfred Best Nov 2006

The Ventilatory Response To Normoxic Hypercapnia In Male Pet-1 Knockout Mice And The Influence Of Female Sex Hormones, Simon Roderick Alfred Best

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Purpose: To determine if the deficiency in the hypercapnic ventilatory response as a result of 70% loss of serotonergic neurons in male Pet-1 knockout mice and the sparing of the female Pet-1 knockout mice can been accounted for and corrected by supplementation with estrogen and progesterone. Methods: Using whole-body flow-through plethysmography, 5 male Pet-1 -/- mice and 5 wild type mice were exposed to room air, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% CO2 and VE measured. All mice were then treated with oral 17β-estradiol (2500 nM) for 48 hours followed by a SC injection of progesterone (2 mg/kg). One hour after …

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Uncovering The Role Of Stress In Craniosynosostosis, Justin Heller Nov 2006

Uncovering The Role Of Stress In Craniosynosostosis, Justin Heller

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more of the cranial sutures resulting in skull deformity and possible brain dysfunction. It occurs in roughly 1 in 2,000 live births.1 It may be associated with syndromes or occur sporadically. Any cranial suture may be involved. The descriptions of the skull dysmorphologies have led to numerous hypotheses regarding the developmental trajectory of the synostosed skull, including the role of the cranial vault and cranial base. As proposed originally by Virchow (1851),2 the shape of the skull in craniosynostosis is usually attributed to a lack of local growth perpendicular to the fused …

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Occipital White Matter Volumes Predict Visual Motor Outcome In Preterm Infants With Retinopathy Of Prematurity (Rop), Renu Chundru Nov 2006

Occipital White Matter Volumes Predict Visual Motor Outcome In Preterm Infants With Retinopathy Of Prematurity (Rop), Renu Chundru

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Although very low birth weight preterm (VLBW) infants with grade 3,4 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are at high risk for unfavorable visual outcomes, the middle school vision motor integration (VMI) skills and cognitive outcome scores of these children remain largely unknown. Data for 323 very VLBW survivors of the Multicenter Randomized Indomethacin IVH Prevention Trial (BW 600 1250 g) were analyzed to test the hypothesis that grades 3, 4 ROP would be an important predictor of cognitive and VMI skills. 3 subgroups were evaluated: ROP negative (N = 163), ROP grades 1,2 (N = 137) and ROP grades 3,4 (N …

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