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A Stochastic Petri Net Based Nlu Scheme For Technical Documents Understanding, Adamantia Psarologou Jan 2016

A Stochastic Petri Net Based Nlu Scheme For Technical Documents Understanding, Adamantia Psarologou

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Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is a very old research field, which deals with machine reading comprehension. Despite the many years of work and the numerous accomplishments by several researchers in the field, there is still place for significant improvements. Here, our goal is to develop a novel NLU methodology for detecting and extracting event/action associations in technical documents. In order to achieve this goal we present a synergy of methods (Kernel extraction, Formal Language Modeling, Stochastic Petri-nets (SPN) mapping and Event Representation via SPN graph synthesis). In particular, the basic meaning of a natural language sentence is given by its …

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An Adapted Approach To Process Mapping Across Alloy Systems And Additive Manufacturing Processes, Luke Charles Sheridan Jan 2016

An Adapted Approach To Process Mapping Across Alloy Systems And Additive Manufacturing Processes, Luke Charles Sheridan

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The continually growing market for metal components fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) processes has called for a greater understanding of the effects of process variables on the melt pool geometry and microstructure in manufactured components for various alloy systems. Process Mapping is a general approach that traces the influence of process parameters to thermal behavior and feature development during AM processing. Previous work has focused mainly on Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64), but this work uses novel mathematical derivations and adapted process mapping methodologies to construct new geometric, thermal, and microstructural process maps for Ti64 and two nickel superalloy material systems. This work …

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Metabolism Of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infected Raw 264.7 Macrophages, Mary K. Jenkins Jan 2016

Metabolism Of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infected Raw 264.7 Macrophages, Mary K. Jenkins

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Macrophages are immune cells that phagocytize pathogens and act as antigen presenting cells. Macrophages are critical in regulating the adaptive immune response and play a key role in neutralizing infection. Macrophages exhibit a variety of phenotypes which have different energy requirements. In the case of HSV-1 infection the virus has been shown to alter metabolic processes of its host. Utilizing a XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer the metabolic activity of M0, M1, and M2 (IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10) RAW 264.7 macrophages was quantified for both uninfected cells and in response to HSV-1 infection. The analysis showed uninfected M0 and M2 (IL-4, …

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Quantifying Amorphous Content Of Commercially Available Silicon Carbide Fibers, Ian Mark Wolford Jan 2016

Quantifying Amorphous Content Of Commercially Available Silicon Carbide Fibers, Ian Mark Wolford

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SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) with potential applications at =2700°F (1482°C) are of significant interest to the Air Force. The high temperature performance of SiC fibers used within these composites is greatly affected by the presence of amorphous SiOC and free carbon in the fibers. Therefore quantification of this non SiC material in commercially available SiC fibers is extremely important. In this work Hi Nicalon, Hi-Nicalon Type-S, Tyranno-SA3, Cef-NITE, and Sylramic SiC fibers were studied. Changes in mass, grain size, and amorphous content were measured as a function of processing temperature and time. The amorphous material in each fiber was …

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An Investigation Of The Adsorption Behavior Between Silver Nanoparticles (Agnps) And Corundum (Α-Al2O3) At Environmental Ph Values Using Inductively-Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (Icp-Oes) And Raman Spectroscopy, Kevin Andrew O'Neil Jan 2016

An Investigation Of The Adsorption Behavior Between Silver Nanoparticles (Agnps) And Corundum (Α-Al2O3) At Environmental Ph Values Using Inductively-Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (Icp-Oes) And Raman Spectroscopy, Kevin Andrew O'Neil

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With the increased use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products, the need to monitor their release into environmental soils has become critical. Although minerals make up a large component of soils, research on their interactions with AgNPs is still limited. Furthermore, the majority of the existing research focused on silica-based minerals rather than metal oxides, which is the second most abundant mineral type in the earth's crust. This study examined for the first time the aqueous interaction between the widely used, spherical Creighton AgNPs and a-corundum (a-Al2O3), a representative non-silica-based mineral, at environmentally relevant pH values (6-11). Samples were …

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Mining And Analyzing Subjective Experiences In User Generated Content, Lu Chen Jan 2016

Mining And Analyzing Subjective Experiences In User Generated Content, Lu Chen

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Web 2.0 and social media enable people to create, share and discover information instantly anywhere, anytime. A great amount of this information is subjective information -- the information about people's subjective experiences, ranging from feelings of what is happening in our daily lives to opinions on a wide variety of topics. Subjective information is useful to individuals, businesses, and government agencies to support decision making in areas such as product purchase, marketing strategy, and policy making. However, much useful subjective information is buried in ever-growing user generated data on social media platforms, it is still difficult to extract high quality …

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1-Ghz Cmos Analog Signal Squaring Circuit, Lizhong He Jan 2016

1-Ghz Cmos Analog Signal Squaring Circuit, Lizhong He

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In analog signal processing the squaring circuit represents the core for implementing an analog signal having a value representing the square of the input signal. For example, calculating the square of input signal is necessary in adaptive processing of an input signal based on its instantaneous root mean square value. In this thesis, a new 1-Ghz analog signal squaring circuit (squarer) designed in 180 nanometer CMOS process is presented. It is implemented by CMOS components including current source, current mirror, differential amplifier, low-pass filter, and voltage output buffer. A gain control amplifier and a 10-bit ADC are set up to …

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The Anti-Apoptotic Effect Of Hsv-1 On Murine Macrophages: Raw 246.7 Murine Macrophage Cell Line, Mofeda Abdussalam Alhanghari Jan 2016

The Anti-Apoptotic Effect Of Hsv-1 On Murine Macrophages: Raw 246.7 Murine Macrophage Cell Line, Mofeda Abdussalam Alhanghari

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a worldwide pathogen that affects humans and has the ability to establish a latent state of infection in the sensory nerve ganglia after primary infection of epithelial cells (Boutell and Everett, 2003). HSV-1 is a very contagious virus, which can be transmitted from person to person and cause cold sores in the infected person. Rarely, infection can lead to more serious complications, such as encephalitis. Most HSV-1 infections usually occur in childhood with lifelong potential for symptomatic or asymptomatic viral shedding episodes (Looker et al., 2015). HSV- 1 infects 60%-80% of people throughout …

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Application Of Geographical Information Systems To Determine Human Population Impact On Water Resources Of Yellow Springs, Ohio, And The Use Of Lidar Intensities In Land Use Classification, Gregory Geise Jan 2016

Application Of Geographical Information Systems To Determine Human Population Impact On Water Resources Of Yellow Springs, Ohio, And The Use Of Lidar Intensities In Land Use Classification, Gregory Geise

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The purposes of the following studies were to investigate natural and human influences on several spatial and temporal aspects of a local and regional environment. The decreasing discharge rate of the ground water supplied Yellow Spring may be caused by the increase in population of the nearby Village of Yellow Springs, Ohio. Periodic measurements of Yellow Spring's discharge rate compared to changes in the town's population showed an inverse relationship, where spring discharge declined as population grew. A sharp decrease in discharge occurred during a period when the spring's facade was modified and an airport was built partially overlying the …

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A Social Network Analysis Of An Introductory Calculus-Based Physics Class With Comparisons Of Traditional And Non-Traditional Students, Fci Scores, And Network Centralities, Emily Sandt Jan 2016

A Social Network Analysis Of An Introductory Calculus-Based Physics Class With Comparisons Of Traditional And Non-Traditional Students, Fci Scores, And Network Centralities, Emily Sandt

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The use of social network analysis in physics education research seeks to advance understanding of how students' collaborative tendencies influence trends of learning. Common useful measurements are network size, density of connections, and centrality measures that describe the importance of nodes' positions. This study compared four different centrality measures at the beginning and end of seven sections of an introductory calculus-based physics course. The Force Concept Inventory was used as a measure of conceptual learning at pre- and post-course administrations. The main focus of this study was to identify if differences in network centralities and conceptual learning/knowledge exist with respect …

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Theoretical Estimation Of PkA'S Of Pyrimidines And Related Heterocycles, Rachael Ann Wessner Jan 2016

Theoretical Estimation Of PkA'S Of Pyrimidines And Related Heterocycles, Rachael Ann Wessner

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Pyrimidines and related heterocycles are an important class of compounds with a wide variety of applications. As a result, there is great interest in the chemical properties of these compounds, specifically their pKa's. Despite the importance of these compounds their reported pKa's are often only approximations or are completely absent from literature. Experimentally measuring pKa's can be challenging, especially if the pKa is below zero. Alternatively, pKa's can be estimated computationally using a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR). However, most of the compounds included in this study exist as two or more forms that arise from tautomerism. Tautomerism complicates the estimation …

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Motion Planning And Control Of Differential Drive Robot, Kaamesh Kothandaraman Jan 2016

Motion Planning And Control Of Differential Drive Robot, Kaamesh Kothandaraman

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Motion planning and control of a differential drive robot in a supervised environment is presented in this thesis. Differential drive robot is a mobile robot with two driving wheels in which the overall velocity is split between left and right wheels. Kinematic equations are derived and implemented in Simulink to observe the theoretical working principle of the robot. A proportional controller is designed to control the motion of the robot, which is later implemented on a physical robot. Combination of linear velocity and orientation generates individual wheel velocities which are sent to the robot by wireless communication for its motion. …

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Computer Modeling Of A Solar Thermal System For Space Heating, Dhananjay D. Deshpande Jan 2016

Computer Modeling Of A Solar Thermal System For Space Heating, Dhananjay D. Deshpande

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Most applications of flat plate, low-temperature solar thermal panels are for water heating, such as producing domestic hot water or raising the temperature of swimming pools. This is reasonable given that the large masses of water present in these systems inherently provide built-in thermal energy storage so that a separate energy storage tank does not have to be purchased. For a space heating system, extra thermal energy storage generally has to be purchased and is a detriment to the economics of these systems. Despite the economic drawbacks of solar thermal space heating, this thesis focuses on the size of thermal …

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Design And Application Of Facile Routes To N-Heterocycle Functionalized Poly(Arylene Ether)S, Abraham K. Kemboi Jan 2016

Design And Application Of Facile Routes To N-Heterocycle Functionalized Poly(Arylene Ether)S, Abraham K. Kemboi

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A series of 3,5-difluorinated systems, which are activated towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) by the strongly electron withdrawing benzoxazole or benzothiazole groups, located meta to the fluorines were prepared and fully characterized. The monomers also carry various N-heterocyclic species on the non-fluorinated ring. The corresponding poly(arylene ether)s, some of which were copolymers with triphenylphosphine oxide-based monomers, were prepared via standard NAS polycondensation reactions. Incorporation of the monomers containing N-heterocycle units was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Characterization of the thermal properties was done using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning (DSC). Most of the polymers displayed good film forming properties when …

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Mixed Modulation For Remote Sensing With Embedded Navigation, Michael J. Nowak Jan 2016

Mixed Modulation For Remote Sensing With Embedded Navigation, Michael J. Nowak

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As electromagnetic spectrum availability shrinks, there is growing interest in combining multiple functions, such as radar and communications signals, into a single multipurpose waveform. Historically mixed-modulation has used orthogonal separation of different message signals in different dimensions such as time or frequency. This research explores an alternative approach of implementing an in-band, mixed-modulated waveform that combines surveillance radar and navigation functions into a single signal and demonstrates the feasibility of this approach for a limited area navigation solution. The first contribution of this research is the use of reduced phase-angle binary phase shift keying (BPSK) along with overlapped (channelized) spread-spectrum …

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Changes In State Suspicion Across Time: An Examination Of Dynamic Effects, Steve Khazon Jan 2016

Changes In State Suspicion Across Time: An Examination Of Dynamic Effects, Steve Khazon

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State Information Technology (IT) suspicion is the simultaneous action of uncertainty, mal-intent, and cognitive activity about underlying information that is being electronically generated, collated, sent, analyzed, or implemented by an external agent (Bobko, Barelka, & Hirshfield, 2014). Understanding IT suspicion is important in both military and civilian contexts as both are growing increasingly reliant on automation to augment human performance (e.g., Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, & Zickuhr, 2010). The current process model of state IT suspicion describes how suspicion arises and its immediate correlates. Little is known about how suspicion changes over time and what factors influence this change. Drawing upon …

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Convergent Evolution In Tooth Morphology Of Filter Feeding Lamniform Sharks, Michaela Grace Mitchell Jan 2016

Convergent Evolution In Tooth Morphology Of Filter Feeding Lamniform Sharks, Michaela Grace Mitchell

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The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) and megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios) are two species of filter feeding sharks, both belonging to the order Lamniformes. There are two conflicting hypotheses regarding the origins of filter feeding in Lamniform sharks; that there is a single origin of filter feeding within Lamniformes, or conversely, the filter feeding adaptations have been developed independently due to different ancestral conditions. Evidence obtained from several studies strongly supports the latter hypothesis. Because evidence suggests that C. maximus and M. pelagios have developed their filter feeding adaptations independently, we expect to see convergent evolution taking place within these two …

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Measures Of User Interactions, Conversations, And Attacks In A Crowdsourced Platform Offering Emotional Support., Samir Yelne Jan 2016

Measures Of User Interactions, Conversations, And Attacks In A Crowdsourced Platform Offering Emotional Support., Samir Yelne

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Online social systems have emerged as a popular medium for people in society to communicate with each other. Among the most important reasons why people communicate is to share emotional problems, but most online social systems are uncomfortable or unsafe spaces for this purpose. This has led to the rise of online emotional support systems, where users needing to speak to someone can anonymously connect to a crowd of trained listeners for a one-on-one conversation. To better understand who, how and when users utilize these systems, and to evaluate their safety, this thesis offers a comprehensive examination of the characteristics …

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Surface Effect Of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles On Transition Between Single- And Multi-Domain Structure Or Between Single-Domain Structure And Superparamagnetic Phase, Hind Adawi Jan 2016

Surface Effect Of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles On Transition Between Single- And Multi-Domain Structure Or Between Single-Domain Structure And Superparamagnetic Phase, Hind Adawi

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Surface effects on critical dimensions of ferromagnetic nanoparticles were studied. Algebraic equations were derived and numerically solved for critical radius RC2 of ferromagnetic nanoparticles describing the transition between single- and multi-domain magnetic structure. Results were analyzed to illustrate the effect of surface parameters related to saturation magnetization a, exchange interaction ß, and anisotropy KS on the critical radius of nanoparticles with a core value of anisotropy KV. Available experimental data for MnBi, FePt, and CoPt or for Fe nanoparticles were used as examples of nanoparticles with high and low values of KV, respectively. Our studies clearly show that discrepancies existing …

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Spatial Variation In Tooth Shape Of Miocene Populations Of Carcharocles Megalodon Across Ocean Basins, Maxwell John Bertsos Jan 2016

Spatial Variation In Tooth Shape Of Miocene Populations Of Carcharocles Megalodon Across Ocean Basins, Maxwell John Bertsos

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The extinct Lamniform species, Carcharocles megalodon, were some of the most geographically widespread apex predators in the fossil record. However, whether this cosmopolitan distribution was related to population level differences is unknown. The objective of this study is to assess whether variation in tooth morphology coincided with geographic dispersal. The underlying hypothesis is that variation in an aspect of functional morphology, such as tooth shape, suggests some level of population structuring. Detecting this relationship could potentially provide a mechanism that links population to functional relationships inherent in tooth morphology that may reflect period differences in ocean basins. This would offer …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Peek Analogues Utilizing 3,5- And 2,4-Difluorobenzophenone., Zachary Ewing Jan 2016

Synthesis And Characterization Of Peek Analogues Utilizing 3,5- And 2,4-Difluorobenzophenone., Zachary Ewing

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Two routes to semi-crystalline, potentially functionalizable poly(ether ether ketone), PEEK, analogues were explored using varying percentages of 4,4’-difluorobenzophenone and either 3,5-difluorobenzophenone or 2,4-difluorobenzophenone as the electrophilic component in nucleophilic aromatic substitution polycondensation reactions with hydroquinone. PEEK analogues utilizing 3,5-difluorobenzophenone were carried out in a “one-pot” fashion and their properties were compared to the same materials prepared previously by a multi-step synthetic procedure. The use of 2,4-difluorobenzophenone led to completely new PEEK analogues. The polymers were characterized via NMR spectroscopy, Size Exclusion Chromatography, Thermogravimetic Analysis, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Molecular weight determinations showed the synthesized polymers to be of a variety …

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Leadership Education: A Pilot Study Investigating Employer And Student Perceptions Of Value, Jason Scott Farkas Jan 2016

Leadership Education: A Pilot Study Investigating Employer And Student Perceptions Of Value, Jason Scott Farkas

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This study examined employer and student perceptions of leadership education, specifically as these perceptions relate to value, or usefulness. As post-baccalaureate leadership certification programs are increasingly added to college and university curricula, it is important to understand if these programs are imparting knowledge and skills that are observable and valuable in the workplace. Employer and student perceptions were collected through pilot focus groups and qualitatively evaluated against Kouzes and Posner's Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership, a framework that is both teachable and measurable. Suggestions for future graduate-level leadership certification programs will be discussed.

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Power Distribution And Probabilistic Forecasting Of Economic Loss And Fatalities Due To Hurricanes, Earthquakes, Tornadoes, And Floods In The United States, Scott Edward Baker Jan 2016

Power Distribution And Probabilistic Forecasting Of Economic Loss And Fatalities Due To Hurricanes, Earthquakes, Tornadoes, And Floods In The United States, Scott Edward Baker

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Traditionally, the size of natural disaster events such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, and floods is measured in terms of wind speed (m/sec), energy released (ergs), or discharge (m3/sec). Economic loss and fatalities from natural disasters result from the intersection of the human infrastructure and population with the natural event. This study investigates the size versus cumulative number distribution of individual natural disaster events in the United States. Economic losses are adjusted for inflation to 2014 United States Dollars (USD). The cumulative number divided by the time over which the data ranges is the basis for making probabilistic forecasts in terms …

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Software Defined Secure Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Maha Alqallaf Jan 2016

Software Defined Secure Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Maha Alqallaf

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Software defined networking (SDN), a new networking paradigm that separates the network data plane from the control plane, has been considered as a flexible, layered, modular, and efficient approach to managing and controlling networks ranging from wired, infrastructure-based wireless (e.g., cellular wireless networks, WiFi, wireless mesh net- works), to infrastructure-less wireless networks (e.g. mobile ad-hoc networks, vehicular ad-hoc networks) as well as to offering new types of services and to evolving the Internet architecture. Most work has focused on the SDN application in traditional and wired and/or infrastructure based networks. Wireless networks have become increasingly more heterogeneous. Secure and collab- …

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Mechanisms Of Antixenosis And Antibiosis Of Ash Against Emerald Ash Borer, Chad Michael Rigsby Jan 2016

Mechanisms Of Antixenosis And Antibiosis Of Ash Against Emerald Ash Borer, Chad Michael Rigsby

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Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an invasive forest pest causing widespread mortality of ash (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. Host resistance research and the development of resistant hosts offers a promising strategy for the long-term conservation of ash and management of EAB. Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica) shares an evolutionary history with EAB in Asia, resulting in its greater resistance relative to naive North American ashes. In the following studies I investigate antixenosis and antibiosis mechanisms of resistant and susceptible ashes. Antixenosis in Manchurian ash was demonstrated by quantifying substantially lower oviposition on this species relative to …

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Seismic Reflection Profiling Near Middletown, Ohio And Interpretation Of Precambrian Deformational Settings, David Joseph Peterman Jan 2016

Seismic Reflection Profiling Near Middletown, Ohio And Interpretation Of Precambrian Deformational Settings, David Joseph Peterman

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The reprocessing of four vibroseis seismic reflection lines at the AK Steel facility in Middletown, Ohio, provides new insight on the age, deposition, and structural deformation of the pre-Mount Simon sedimentary sequence below Butler and Warren Counties. Processing was focused on the pre-Mt. Simon reflections to reveal gently west-southwest dipping reflectors that make a slight angular unconformity with the overlying Paleozoic sedimentary strata. This pre-Mount Simon sedimentary sequence has been encountered in several wells from western Ohio, Indiana, and northern Kentucky and has been identified as the Middle Run Formation. Examination of the weak and discontinuous seismic character of the …

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Multi-Carrier Radar For Target Detection And Communications, John David Ellinger Jan 2016

Multi-Carrier Radar For Target Detection And Communications, John David Ellinger

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This dissertation considers the optimization of radar performance within the structure imposed by a coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) format required to achieve an acceptable communication link. The dual goal of achieving both satisfactory radar and communication performance raises challenges that can be substantively addressed by combining phase coding and modulation techniques to provide the temporal and spectral structure necessary to implement simultaneous radar and communication operations. In particular, the specific techniques, as introduced within this dissertation, of using the Multi-Frequency Complementary Phase Coded (MCPC) sequences, as prescribed by Levanon and Mozeson, for simultaneous radar and wireless communication operations …

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Species Differences In The Effects Of Tcdd On A Transcriptional Regulatory Region Within The Ig Heavy Chain Gene, Zahra J. Alfaheeda Jan 2016

Species Differences In The Effects Of Tcdd On A Transcriptional Regulatory Region Within The Ig Heavy Chain Gene, Zahra J. Alfaheeda

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The immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (Igh) is regulated by numerous regulatory elements including the 3'Igh regulatory region (3'IghRR). Several transcription factors are involved in modulating the 3'IghRR including NF-B, AP-1, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the transcription of genes involved in the metabolism of environmental toxicants such as TCDD. TCDD binds AhR and regulates immunoglobulin (Ig) expression in B cells of animal models. This modulation appears to be directly mediated by binding of the AhR to dioxin response elements (DRE) within the 3'IghRR. Structural differences have been found between the …

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The Genomics Of Speciation Within The Globally Distributed Blue-Winged Ducks, Joel Thomas Nelson Jan 2016

The Genomics Of Speciation Within The Globally Distributed Blue-Winged Ducks, Joel Thomas Nelson

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The ability to disperse over long distances can result in a high propensity for colonizing new geographic regions and lead to lineage diversification via allopatric speciation. However, high vagility can also result in gene flow between otherwise allopatric populations, and in some cases, parapatric or divergence-with-gene-flow models of speciation might be more applicable to widely distributed lineages. Here, I used five nuclear introns and the mitochondrial control region to examine divergence, gene flow, and phylogenetic relationships within a cosmopolitan lineage comprising six species, the blue-winged ducks (genus Anas), which inhabit all continents except Antarctica. I found two primary sub-lineages, the …

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Alkylenedioxy Containing Peek Polymers Containing Meta Linkages, James Uchenna Ohaeri Jan 2016

Alkylenedioxy Containing Peek Polymers Containing Meta Linkages, James Uchenna Ohaeri

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The oxyalkylene containing, meta linked monomers 1,2-bis(3-(4-fluorobenzoyl)phenoxy)ethane, 1,3-bis(3-(4-fluorobenzoyl)phenoxy)propane, 1,4-bis(3-(4-fluorobenzoyl)phenoxy)butane, 1,5-bis(3-(4-fluorobenzoyl)phenoxy)pentane can be prepared by a three-step process starting with the dialdehydes (1,2-bis(3-formylphenoxy)ethane, 1,3-bis(3-formylphenoxy)propane, 1,4-bis(3-formylphenoxy)butane and 1,5-bis(3-formylphenoxy)pentane, respectively). Polymerization of the monomers with bisphenol-A gave soluble, thermally stable amorphous poly(ether ether ketone)s. The polymers exhibited molecular weights of (Mw/Mn) (21,841/ 8721) g/mol, (21,195/ 7569) g/mol, (9,107/ 2819) g/mol and (12,990/ 4723) g/mol, respectively. Thermal analyses of the polymers revealed Tgs of 112º, 106º, 92º and 91º, respectively and 5% weight losses under a nitrogen atmosphere of 389º, 410º, 411º and 414º, respectively.

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