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Margins Of Difference: Constructing Critical Political Psychology, Paul Nesbitt-Larking Jan 2003

Margins Of Difference: Constructing Critical Political Psychology, Paul Nesbitt-Larking

Data and Test Instruments

This article sets out elements of discourse and rhetorical analysis in social psychology, followed by an elaboration of three key contributions of these approaches to critical political psychology. The first contribution urges researchers to pay attention to both their own and others’ ideological orientations. The second contribution addresses the artificial dualism of individual and society and how to transcend such oppositions. The third contribution is toward cross-cultural political psychology and the possibilities of political psychology beyond the framework of possessive individualism.

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The Structure Of The Self-Schema In Clinical Depression: Differences Related To Episode Recurrence., David J. A. Dozois, K.S. Dobson Jan 2003

The Structure Of The Self-Schema In Clinical Depression: Differences Related To Episode Recurrence., David J. A. Dozois, K.S. Dobson

Psychology Publications

A central tenet of cognitive theories of depression implicates the organisation of self-referential material in the depressive process. However, few studies have extended beyond the examination of cognitive products and processes to assess the interconnectedness of the depressive self-schema. Clinically depressed participants completed a computerised measure of the cognitive organisation of positive and negative adjectives. Participants organised adjectives according to two dimensions (i.e., valence and self-descriptiveness), and an interstimulus distance index of interconnectedness was computed. The sample was divided into two groups to assess whether differential organisation was associated with the number of previous episodes individuals had experienced. Analyses indicated …

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Shared-Data Or Message Passing Computing Models – A Human Factor In Technical Choices, Angela Sodan, Luiz Fernando Capretz Sep 2002

Shared-Data Or Message Passing Computing Models – A Human Factor In Technical Choices, Angela Sodan, Luiz Fernando Capretz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

No abstract provided.

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Spectral And Temporal Processing In Human Auditory Cortex, Deborah A Hall, Ingrid Johnsrude, Mark P Haggard, Alan R Palmer, Michael A Akeroyd, A Quentin Summerfield Feb 2002

Spectral And Temporal Processing In Human Auditory Cortex, Deborah A Hall, Ingrid Johnsrude, Mark P Haggard, Alan R Palmer, Michael A Akeroyd, A Quentin Summerfield

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Hierarchical processing suggests that spectrally and temporally complex stimuli will evoke more activation than do simple stimuli, particularly in non-primary auditory fields. This hypothesis was tested using two tones, a single frequency tone and a harmonic tone, that were either static or frequency modulated to create four stimuli. We interpret the location of differences in activation by drawing comparisons between fMRI and human cytoarchitectonic data, reported in the same brain space. Harmonic tones produced more activation than single tones in right Heschl's gyrus (HG) and bilaterally in the lateral supratemporal plane (STP). Activation was also greater to frequency-modulated tones than …

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Substance Abuse Among Urban Aboriginals, Kahá:Wi J. Jacobs, Kathryn J. Gill Jan 2002

Substance Abuse Among Urban Aboriginals, Kahá:Wi J. Jacobs, Kathryn J. Gill

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

This paper reports findings of a study of mental health among urban Aboriginal peoples. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to explore the relationship between substance abuse and physical/sexual abuse in a sample of Aboriginal peoples living in an urban community. Open-ended interviews were conducted in a sample of 30 Aboriginals that included Aboriginal social service providers (from health, legal and family services). Forty percent of the sample had been abused and many experienced social, psychological and emotional prob- lems associated with abusive experiences. Content analysis of the interviews revealed common themes in violence discourse including loss of identity …

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Predictors Of Treatment Change And Engagement In Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy For Depression., H.A. Westra, David J.A. Dozois, C. Boardman Jan 2002

Predictors Of Treatment Change And Engagement In Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy For Depression., H.A. Westra, David J.A. Dozois, C. Boardman

Psychology Publications

Examined predictors of treatment response in 48 individuals (mean age 40.71 yrs) who presented for participation in a 10-session cognitive-behavioral group therapy program for depression. The majority of Ss carried a diagnosis of major depression and all were concurrently on at least 1 antidepressant medication. The therapeutic approach involved an integration of 2 empirically supported therapies: Beck's cognitive therapy (A. T. Beck et al, 1979) and Lewinsohn's Coping With Depression course (P. M. Lewinsohn et al, 1984). Ss completed the Burns Depression Checklist, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS), and the Burns Hopelessness Scale, a 5-item questionnaire which assesses the degree …

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Can Meaningful Effective Connectivities Be Obtained Between Auditory Cortical Regions?, M S Gonçalves, D A Hall, Ingrid Johnsrude, M P Haggard Dec 2001

Can Meaningful Effective Connectivities Be Obtained Between Auditory Cortical Regions?, M S Gonçalves, D A Hall, Ingrid Johnsrude, M P Haggard

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Structural equation modeling (SEM) of neuroimaging data can be evaluated both for the goodness of fit of the model and for the strength of path coefficients (as an index of effective connectivity). SEM of auditory fMRI data is made difficult by the necessary sparse temporal sampling of the time series (to avoid contamination of auditory activation by the response to scanner noise) and by the paucity of well-defined anatomical information to constrain the functional model. We used SEM (i.e., a model incorporating latent variables) to investigate how well fMRI data in four adjacent cortical fields can be described as an …

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A Longitudinal Investigation Of Information Processing And Cognitive Organization In Clinical Depression: Stability Of Schematic Interconnectedness., D J Dozois, K S Dobson Dec 2001

A Longitudinal Investigation Of Information Processing And Cognitive Organization In Clinical Depression: Stability Of Schematic Interconnectedness., D J Dozois, K S Dobson

Psychology Publications

This study longitudinally investigated information processing and cognitive organization in clinical depression. The main hypothesis was that individuals whose depression had remitted would show a significant cognitive shift on information processing (e.g., deactivation of negative processing) but not on cognitive organizational tasks, Forty-five individuals with clinical depression completed 2 information processing and 2 cognitive organizational tasks at initial assessment. At 6-month follow-up, the sample (23 remitted, 22 stable depressed) was readministered the tasks. As expected, information processing shifted significantly in individuals who had improved symptomatically, whereas negative cognitive organizational indices remained stable. The implications of these results are discussed as …

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Discrimination Of Computer-Graphic Stimuli By Mice: A Method For The Behavioral Characterization Of Transgenic And Gene-Knockout Models., T J Bussey, L M Saksida, L A Rothblat Aug 2001

Discrimination Of Computer-Graphic Stimuli By Mice: A Method For The Behavioral Characterization Of Transgenic And Gene-Knockout Models., T J Bussey, L M Saksida, L A Rothblat

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

An automated method is described for the behavioral testing of mice in an apparatus that allows computer-graphic stimulus material to be presented. Mice responded to these stimuli by making a nose-poke toward a computer monitor that was equipped with a touchscreen attachment for detecting responses. It was found that C57BL/6 mice were able to solve single-pair visual discriminations as well as 3-pair concurrent visual discriminations. The finding that mice are capable of complex visual discriminations introduces the possibility of testing mice on nonspatial tasks that are similar to those used with rats, monkeys, and humans. Furthermore, the method seems particularly …

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Spirituality In Late Adulthood, Lisa M. Heintz, Imants Barušs Jun 2001

Spirituality In Late Adulthood, Lisa M. Heintz, Imants Barušs

Psychology

MacDonald's Expressions of Spirituality Inventory was used to examine spirituality in late adulthood using a sample of 30 people (22 women, 8 men) whose mean age was 72.6 yr. While average scores are higher on scales measuring spiritual and religious beliefs and practices for the sample than for a standardization group of undergraduate students with a mean age of 21.0 yr., means are lower on scales measuring paranormal beliefs. Low scores on death anxiety are correlated only with Existential Well-being and age. And, while some religious behaviors such as frequent religious practice, prayer, and church attendance are correlated with some …

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Family Relations, Low Income And Child Outcomes: A Comparison Of Canadian Children In Intact, Step And Lone Parent Families, Don Kerr, Roderic Beaujot May 2001

Family Relations, Low Income And Child Outcomes: A Comparison Of Canadian Children In Intact, Step And Lone Parent Families, Don Kerr, Roderic Beaujot

PSC Discussion Papers Series

This paper examines conditions that are more likely to lead to positive or negative child outcomes in intact, female lone parent and reconstituted families. Family type is found to be more important than low income in predicting a set of behavioural, emotional and psychological difficulties. After establishing measurement equivalence across family types, multiple group analysis using structural equation modelling shows that the explanatory factors also operate differently in the various family settings. In particular, low income has a significant impact on childhood difficulties in lone parent and stepfamilies, but not in intact families. Family functioning has less impact on children’s …

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Why Do Children Draw Horizontal Arms On Circular Bodies In Conventional Human Figures?, Marvin L. Simner Jan 2001

Why Do Children Draw Horizontal Arms On Circular Bodies In Conventional Human Figures?, Marvin L. Simner

Psychology Publications

Two accounts have been offered to explain the presence of horizontal arms on the circular bodies that often appear in conventional human figure drawings. The studies reported below, which support predictions from the radial bias account but not those from the Arnheim/Shaefer-Simmern account, suggest that a key factor in determining the angle of departure of the arms of the body might not be the child's attempt to draw the arms at right angles to the midline vertical axis of the body. Instead, the presence of horizontal arms could be due to the child's normal preference for locating the arms midway …

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Eye Position Sense Contributes To The Judgement Of Slant., F M James, S Whitehead, G K Humphrey, M S Banks, T Vilis Jan 2001

Eye Position Sense Contributes To The Judgement Of Slant., F M James, S Whitehead, G K Humphrey, M S Banks, T Vilis

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

We measured monocular judgements of the slant of a cube face while varying eye position in the absence of stereoscopic and external lighting cues. Errors were found to be small, only 10% on average of the cube's eccentricity. Two factors appear to have contributed approximately equally to this error: an underestimate of cube slant as seen by the eye and an underestimate of eye position. When prism adaptation altered the sensed eye position, the pattern of slant judgements changed to reflect the altered sense of eye position.

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The Art Of Science: Science Of The Future In Light Of Alterations Of Consciousness, Imants Barušs Jan 2001

The Art Of Science: Science Of The Future In Light Of Alterations Of Consciousness, Imants Barušs

Psychology

In presenting the data concerning altered states of consciousness in an even-handed manner, I have found that I cannot at the outset assume that materialism is the correct theory of reality. As demonstrated by survey data, the beliefs about consciousness and reality of academics and scientists who could write about consciousness in the academic literature range along a material-transcendent dimension from materialist through conservatively transcendent to extraordinarily transcendent positions, each with its corresponding notions of consciousness and proper methodology. Scientists need to undertake a process of self-examination in order to determine their personal beliefs and learn to set them aside …

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Failure To Replicate Electronic Voice Phenomenon, Imants Barušs Jan 2001

Failure To Replicate Electronic Voice Phenomenon, Imants Barušs

Psychology

Electronic voice phenomenon (EVP) refers to the purported manifestation of voices of the dead and other discarnate entities through electronic means. This has typically involved tuning radios between stations and recording the output on audiotape, although more recently anomalous voices, visual images and text have purportedly been found using telephones, television sets and computers in a phenomenon known as instrumental transcommunication. Given the lack of documentation of EVP in mainstream scientific journals, a review of its history is given based on English language information found in psychical research and parapsychology periodicals and various trade publications and newsletters. An effort was …

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Exploration Of Federal Sport Policy On Youth Elite Sport In Canada: A Case Study Of Gymnastics Canada Gymnastique, Laura Misener Jan 2001

Exploration Of Federal Sport Policy On Youth Elite Sport In Canada: A Case Study Of Gymnastics Canada Gymnastique, Laura Misener

Kinesiology Publications

A case study of Gymnastics Canada Gymnastique aided in creating a contemporary framework for youth sport policy development. Youth involved in elite sport are in a subsidiary position to those who control the sport environment, and therefore are in need of certain levels of protection. High performance youth athletes may be subject to numerous problems such as competitive anxiety, disrupted family life, and excessive physiological and psychological stress. In order to explore these issues in relation to federal sport policy, the following sub-problems were identified: (a) What are the process(es), legitimation(s) (rationale) and attribution(s) (strategies for action) of federal government …

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Eye Position Signal Modulates A Human Parietal Pointing Region During Memory-Guided Movements., J F Desouza, S P Dukelow, J S Gati, R S Menon, R A Andersen, T Vilis Aug 2000

Eye Position Signal Modulates A Human Parietal Pointing Region During Memory-Guided Movements., J F Desouza, S P Dukelow, J S Gati, R S Menon, R A Andersen, T Vilis

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the signal in parietal regions that were selectively activated during delayed pointing to flashed visual targets and determined whether this signal was dependent on the fixation position of the eyes. Delayed pointing activated a bilateral parietal area in the intraparietal sulcus (rIPS), rostral/anterior to areas activated by saccades. During right-hand pointing to centrally located targets, the left rIPS region showed a significant increase in activation when the eye position was rightward compared with leftward. As expected, activation in motor cortex showed no modulation when only eye position changed. During pointing to retinotopically identical …

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Navigation-Related Structural Change In The Hippocampi Of Taxi Drivers, E A Maguire, D G Gadian, Ingrid Johnsrude, C D Good, J Ashburner, R S Frackowiak, C D Frith Apr 2000

Navigation-Related Structural Change In The Hippocampi Of Taxi Drivers, E A Maguire, D G Gadian, Ingrid Johnsrude, C D Good, J Ashburner, R S Frackowiak, C D Frith

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Structural MRIs of the brains of humans with extensive navigation experience, licensed London taxi drivers, were analyzed and compared with those of control subjects who did not drive taxis. The posterior hippocampi of taxi drivers were significantly larger relative to those of control subjects. A more anterior hippocampal region was larger in control subjects than in taxi drivers. Hippocampal volume correlated with the amount of time spent as a taxi driver (positively in the posterior and negatively in the anterior hippocampus). These data are in accordance with the idea that the posterior hippocampus stores a spatial representation of the environment …

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Psychopathology Of Altered States Of Consciousness, Imants Barušs Jan 2000

Psychopathology Of Altered States Of Consciousness, Imants Barušs

Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Overview Of Consciousness Research, Imants Barušs Jan 2000

Overview Of Consciousness Research, Imants Barušs

Psychology

The purpose of this paper is to orient the reader to the contemporary scientific study of consciousness. One of the most noticeable features of research concerning consciousness is that there are three domains of discourse, the physiological, computational and experiential, each with its own methodology, and concerns. While confusion is often expressed about what it is that one is discussing, there are four main categories of definitions of the term consciousness: consciousness is the registration, processing and acting on information; behavioural consciousness is the explicit knowledge of one's situation, mental states or actions as demonstrated by one's behaviour; subjective consciousness …

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Influences On Freud's Mourning And Melancholia And Its Contextual Validity., David J. A. Dozois Jan 2000

Influences On Freud's Mourning And Melancholia And Its Contextual Validity., David J. A. Dozois

Psychology Publications

This article critically evaluates S. Freud's (1917) Mourning and Melancholia and challenges both the celebratory and reactionary views that treat this essay as an ahistorical and decontextualized "foundation-stone" of depression. Although many biographies have been written on Freud, the possible influences on his thinking in the area grief and depression have not been examined. Moreover, no reviews have investigated Freud's understanding of mourning and melancholia from the perspective of his own experiences with these difficulties. Following a brief overview of Freud's seminal paper, the historical psychiatric views on depression and the influences on Freud's conceptualization of mourning and melancholia are …

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Cognitive And Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies, K. S. Dobson, B. J. Backs-Dermott, David J. A. Dozois Jan 2000

Cognitive And Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies, K. S. Dobson, B. J. Backs-Dermott, David J. A. Dozois

Psychology Publications

In this chapter we will provide a brief review of some of the major historical forces that lead to the development of the cognitive behavioral therapies. We will then define what are the common characteristics among this increasingly diverse set of interventions, and in doing so also attempt to differentiate the cognitive-behavioral therapies from related approaches to psychotherapy. We will then turn our primary focus to a description of the major models within the cognitive-behavioral paradigm, and to discussing their current empirical status. The chapter will conclude with a discussion of current issues related to the cognitive-behavioral therapies, and with …

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From Maternal Representations To The First Relationship By Way Of Maternal Sensitivity: A Reconceptualization Of The Developmental Model, Greg Moran, David Pederson Jun 1999

From Maternal Representations To The First Relationship By Way Of Maternal Sensitivity: A Reconceptualization Of The Developmental Model, Greg Moran, David Pederson

Psychology Publications

No abstract provided.

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Maternal Behaviour Q-Sort, David R. Pederson, Greg Moran, Sandi Bento May 1999

Maternal Behaviour Q-Sort, David R. Pederson, Greg Moran, Sandi Bento

Psychology Publications

No abstract provided.

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Local And Global Stereopsis In The Horse., B Timney, K Keil May 1999

Local And Global Stereopsis In The Horse., B Timney, K Keil

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Although horses have laterally-placed eyes, there is substantial binocular overlap, allowing for the possibility that these animals have stereopsis. In the first experiment of the present study we measured local stereopsis by obtaining monocular and binocular depth thresholds for renal depth stimuli. On all measures, the horses' binocular performance was superior to their monocular. When depth thresholds were obtained, binocular thresholds were several times superior to those obtained monocularly, suggesting that the animals could use stereoscopic information when it was available. The binocular thresholds averaged about 15 min arc. In the second experiment we obtained evidence for the presence of …

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Perceptual-Mnemonic Functions Of The Perirhinal Cortex., Murray, Bussey Apr 1999

Perceptual-Mnemonic Functions Of The Perirhinal Cortex., Murray, Bussey

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

It is widely acknowledged that the perirhinal cortex, located in the ventromedial aspect of the temporal lobe, is essential for certain types of memory in macaque monkeys. For example, removal of the perirhinal cortex yields severe impairments on tests of stimulus recognition and stimulus-stimulus association. There is considerable disagreement, however, about the most accurate way to characterize the function of the perirhinal cortex; some views emphasize a role in perception whereas others posit a role exclusively in declarative memory. In this article, we review recent findings from anatomical, physiological and ablation studies in monkeys, and discuss related findings obtained in …

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Functionally Dissociating Aspects Of Event Memory: The Effects Of Combined Perirhinal And Postrhinal Cortex Lesions On Object And Place Memory In The Rat., T J Bussey, J L Muir, J P Aggleton Jan 1999

Functionally Dissociating Aspects Of Event Memory: The Effects Of Combined Perirhinal And Postrhinal Cortex Lesions On Object And Place Memory In The Rat., T J Bussey, J L Muir, J P Aggleton

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Reciprocal interactions between the hippocampus and the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices form core components of a proposed temporal lobe memory system. For this reason, the involvement of the hippocampus in event memory is thought to depend on its connections with these cortical areas. Contrary to these predictions, we found that NMDA-induced lesions of the putative rat homologs of these cortical areas (perirhinal plus postrhinal cortices) did not impair performance on two allocentric spatial tasks highly sensitive to hippocampal dysfunction. Remarkably, for one of the tasks there was evidence of a facilitation of performance. The same cortical lesions did, however, disrupt …

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Education In Schizophrenia Support For Families, Amresh Srivastava Jan 1999

Education In Schizophrenia Support For Families, Amresh Srivastava

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

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Fornix Lesions Can Facilitate Acquisition Of The Transverse Patterning Task: A Challenge For "Configural" Theories Of Hippocampal Function., T J Bussey, E Clea Warburton, J P Aggleton, J L Muir Feb 1998

Fornix Lesions Can Facilitate Acquisition Of The Transverse Patterning Task: A Challenge For "Configural" Theories Of Hippocampal Function., T J Bussey, E Clea Warburton, J P Aggleton, J L Muir

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Configural theories of hippocampal function predict that hippocampal dysfunction should impair acquisition of the transverse patterning task, which involves the concurrent solution of three discrimination problems: A+ versus B-; B+ versus C-; and C+ versus A-. The present study tested this prediction in rats using computer-graphic stimuli presented on a touchscreen. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of fornix lesions when the three problems were introduced sequentially (phase 1: A+ vs B-; phase 2: A+ vs B-, B+ vs C-; phase 3: A+ vs B-, B+ vs C-, C+ vs A-). Fornix lesions significantly facilitated acquisition of the complete transverse patterning …

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Identifying Global Anatomical Differences: Deformation-Based Morphometry, J Ashburner, C Hutton, R Frackowiak, Ingrid Johnsrude, C Price, K Friston Jan 1998

Identifying Global Anatomical Differences: Deformation-Based Morphometry, J Ashburner, C Hutton, R Frackowiak, Ingrid Johnsrude, C Price, K Friston

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The aim of this paper is to illustrate a method for identifying macroscopic anatomical differences among the brains of different populations of subjects. The method involves spatially normalizing the structural MR images of a number of subjects so that they all conform to the same stereotactic space. Multivariate statistics are then applied to the parameters describing the estimated nonlinear deformations that ensue. To illustrate the method, we compared the gross morphometry of male and female subjects. We also assessed brain asymmetry, the effect of handedness, and interactions among these effects.

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