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Beliefs About Consciousness And Reality Of Participants At ‘Tucson Ii’, Imants Barušs, Robert J. Moore Jan 1998

Beliefs About Consciousness And Reality Of Participants At ‘Tucson Ii’, Imants Barušs, Robert J. Moore

Psychology

In previous studies we had found correlations between the material-transcendent dimension underlying the Western intellectual tradition and the diversity of ideas concerning consciousness. In the course of our work we developed the Beliefs About Consciousness and Reality Questionnaire that could be used for measuring fundamental beliefs about consciousness and reality. A survey of participants at the scientific meeting Toward a Science of Consciousness 1996 “Tucson II” was conducted using this questionnaire. Results from 212 respondents indicated scores substantially in the transcendent direction, both for scales underlying the questionnaire as well as for some of its individual items, relative to a …

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Right Medial Temporal-Lobe Contribution To Object-Location Memory, B Milner, Ingrid Johnsrude, J Crane Oct 1997

Right Medial Temporal-Lobe Contribution To Object-Location Memory, B Milner, Ingrid Johnsrude, J Crane

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

An important aspect of normal human memory, and one humans share with many other species, is the ability to remember the location of objects in their environment. There is by now strong evidence from the study of epileptic patients undergoing brain surgery that right temporal-lobe lesions that encroach extensively upon the hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus impair the delayed, but not the immediate, recall of the location of objects within a random array. These findings have now been extended to a multiple-trial, spatial-array learning task; by including not only patients tested after unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy but also those with a …

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Triple Dissociation Of Anterior Cingulate, Posterior Cingulate, And Medial Frontal Cortices On Visual Discrimination Tasks Using A Touchscreen Testing Procedure For The Rat., T J Bussey, J L Muir, B J Everitt, T W Robbins Oct 1997

Triple Dissociation Of Anterior Cingulate, Posterior Cingulate, And Medial Frontal Cortices On Visual Discrimination Tasks Using A Touchscreen Testing Procedure For The Rat., T J Bussey, J L Muir, B J Everitt, T W Robbins

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Four experiments examined effects of quinolinic acid-induced lesions of the anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and medial frontal cortices on tests of visual discrimination learning, using a new "touchscreen" testing method for rats. Anterior cingulate cortex lesions impaired acquisition of an 8-pair concurrent discrimination task, whereas posterior cingulate cortex lesions facilitated learning but selectively impaired the late stages of acquisition of a visuospatial conditional discrimination. Medial frontal cortex lesions selectively impaired reversal learning when stimuli were difficult to discriminate; lesions of anterior and posterior cingulate cortex had no effect. These results suggest roles for the anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and medial …

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Beliefs About Consciousness And Reality: Highlights Of Tucson Ii Consciousness Study, Imants Barušs, Robert J. Moore Apr 1997

Beliefs About Consciousness And Reality: Highlights Of Tucson Ii Consciousness Study, Imants Barušs, Robert J. Moore

Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Connectionism And The Philosophy Of Psychology, By T. Horgan And J. Tiensen, Robert Stainton Dec 1996

Connectionism And The Philosophy Of Psychology, By T. Horgan And J. Tiensen, Robert Stainton

Philosophy Publications

No abstract provided.

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Frege On Indexicals: Sense And Context Sensitivity, Richard Charles Devidi Jan 1996

Frege On Indexicals: Sense And Context Sensitivity, Richard Charles Devidi

Digitized Theses

Indexical expressions--e.g., 'I', 'here', 'yesterday', 'this', etc.--pose a serious challenge for a Fregean theory of meaning. A Fregean theory holds that the meaning of an expression is its sense, and that this sense determines the reference of the expression independently of context. The most notable feature of indexicals, however, is their sensitivity to context. David Kaplan and John Perry argue that there can be no Fregean solution to this issue. They assume (falsely) that the Fregean sense of a singular term is given by a definite description, and argue that this picture cannot work. Kaplan and Perry advance a theory …

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The Nature Of Status In Sport Teams, C Shanthi Jacob Jan 1996

The Nature Of Status In Sport Teams, C Shanthi Jacob

Digitized Theses

Status--the importance/prestige which is possessed by or accorded to individuals by virtue of their position in relation to others--plays an important role in group dynamics (Shaw, 1981). In the sport sciences, however, research on this concept is minimal. Thus, three studies were carried out to examine the nature of status among athletes in sport teams.;Studies 1 and 2 examined the relationship of the perceptions of status attributes and status rank to cohesion. Canadian (112 intercollegiate and 64 secondary school) and Indian (47 intercollegiate and 62 secondary school) athletes were tested.;The methodology adopted in Studies 1 and 2 were similar. In …

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Group Influences And Social Physique Anxiety In Exercise And Sport, Diane Elizabeth Mack Jan 1996

Group Influences And Social Physique Anxiety In Exercise And Sport, Diane Elizabeth Mack

Digitized Theses

Social physique anxiety (SPA) has become a construct of interest in research designed to explore the influence of self-presentation in exercise (Crawford & Eklund, 1994: Eklund & Crawford, 1994; McAuley, Bane & Mihalko, 1995; Spink, 1992) and athletic contexts (Mack & Martin, 1994; McAuley & Burman, 1993). SPA refers to the anxiety experienced by individuals who perceive that their physique will be negatively evaluated by others (Hart, Leary & Rejeski, 1989). Despite this recent attention, the influence of the nature of the group on SPA has been largely ignored. Disregarding the potential impact of the group may be a methodological …

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The Cultural Context Of Perception: On Colour, Representation, And Imaging, M Carleton Simpson Jan 1996

The Cultural Context Of Perception: On Colour, Representation, And Imaging, M Carleton Simpson

Digitized Theses

This work investigates some of the philosophical implications of current theories of the psychophysiology of perception. First, I consider the use of recent investigations into psychophysiological theories of vision, in particular, the perception of colour, and the important role assumed here for cognition and language. I conclude that a relation between colour perception and language has not been established, that consideration of special colours is too limited, and that the experimentation to date generates misleading results. I consider the interdependence of our psychophysiological response to the entire visual array, the world present to our fovea and its surround, and the …

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A Two-Factor Model Of Women's Sexual Decision-Making, Sandra Marie Houston Jan 1996

A Two-Factor Model Of Women's Sexual Decision-Making, Sandra Marie Houston

Digitized Theses

This dissertation reports on three studies which examined correlates of number of sexual partners and of motivations underlying the decision to have sexual intercourse with a new partner among heterosexually experienced undergraduate women. In Study One (N = 117), women's reports of a greater number of sexual partners were associated with liberal attitudes, erotophilia, more frequent masturbation, lower romantic relationship satisfaction, and a self-gratification orientation to sexual decision making, as measured by the Sexual Decision Making Scale (SDMS), developed for this research. In Study Two (N = 238), women's reports of a greater number of sexual partners were associated with …

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Differential Effects Of Ovarian Hormones On The Left And Right Cerebral Hemispheres: Evidence From Perceptual And Motor Asymmetries, Larissa Araxe Mead Jan 1996

Differential Effects Of Ovarian Hormones On The Left And Right Cerebral Hemispheres: Evidence From Perceptual And Motor Asymmetries, Larissa Araxe Mead

Digitized Theses

In the present series of experiments, the possibility that ovarian hormones act differentially on the left and right hemispheres of the adult human brain was investigated through the assessment of several behavioral asymmetries. Lateralized behaviors or performance patterns are believed to arise through underlying functional or neurochemical asymmetries in the brain. Therefore, an asymmetric effect of ovarian hormones on the underlying brain areas may be revealed as an alteration in the laterality of these behavioral patterns.;The first study involved the administration of a battery of visual and auditory perceptual asymmetry tests to a group of young women. Test sessions took …

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Visual Indexing And Inhibition Of Return Of Visual Attention, Christopher R. Sears Jan 1996

Visual Indexing And Inhibition Of Return Of Visual Attention, Christopher R. Sears

Digitized Theses

When an observer's visual attention is involuntarily drawn to a particular spatial location by a highly salient cue, the processing of stimuli appearing at that location is facilitated. When attention is then disengaged from the cued location, subsequent shifts of attention (either voluntary or involuntary) to the same location are inhibited. This inhibition in returning attention to a previously attended location delays the processing of stimuli appearing there, a phenomenon known as inhibition of return (IOR). IOR is a particularly intriguing phenomenon because it suggests that the attentional system has some means of keeping track of previously attended locations. That …

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The Effects Of Retinal Eccentricity On Prehension And Perception, Kelly Jane Murphy Jan 1996

The Effects Of Retinal Eccentricity On Prehension And Perception, Kelly Jane Murphy

Digitized Theses

The effects of retinal eccentricity on prehension and on the perception of object dimensions was investigated. Human subjects reached out and grasped different sized objects viewed at different peripheral positions along the horizontal and vertical meridians. The sensitivity of visuomotor grip scaling to object width was compared with visuoperceptual judgements about object width.;When retinal eccentricity was varied in the temporal field, along the horizontal meridian, it was found that reaches in peripheral vision were slower and exhibited longer deceleration periods relative to reaches in central vision. Further, the amplitude of the grasp, though scaled to object width, increased as object …

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The Standardized Memory Assessment: A Psychometric Evaluation Of A Computerized Cognitive Battery, Michael David Rannie Jan 1996

The Standardized Memory Assessment: A Psychometric Evaluation Of A Computerized Cognitive Battery, Michael David Rannie

Digitized Theses

The purpose of this study was to begin developing and to examine psychometrically a computerized assessment of memory: the Standardized Memory Assessment (SMA). Computers open the door to great opportunities for the field of psychological testing, offering many advantages for purposes of standardized assessment. Of foremost advantage is that computers allow for testing constructs that were previously difficult or impossible to test, such as comprehensive measure of memory.;The psychometric properties of the SMA were examined by analyzing the data obtained from a sample of 227 undergraduates. It was determined that most subscales and scales of the SMA had moderate reliabilities. …

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The Importance Of Beliefs In Monetary And Financial Settings, Toni R. Gravelle Jan 1996

The Importance Of Beliefs In Monetary And Financial Settings, Toni R. Gravelle

Digitized Theses

This thesis investigates the effects of beliefs in both a monetary and a financial setting. Specifically, the thesis studies the potential effects that price level fluctuations have on societal beliefs, the general medium of exchange, and economic welfare. In a finance setting, this thesis also studies how fluctuations in beliefs can explain the observed "hot issues" market phenomena in the initial public offering (IPO) equity market. The "hot issues" market phenomena refers to recurring periods in which the volume of IPOs and the magnitude of their first day returns are observed to be systematically larger than average.;Chapter 2 is a …

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Ecological Farm Practices And The Family Farm, Julie Anne Greenwood Jan 1996

Ecological Farm Practices And The Family Farm, Julie Anne Greenwood

Digitized Theses

The sustainability of modern agricultural systems is increasingly questioned due to evidence of environmental and economic problems. While some people propose solutions within conventional production systems, others suggest that there is a need to completely modify production systems based on ecological principles. The basic principles and differences between the two production systems have been well specified at a conceptual level, but less is known about the differences in production practices, social and structural organisation, and decision-making processes leading to the use of particular methods at an operational level. In this thesis thirty ecological and thirty conventional farmers in Southwestern Ontario …

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Information Processing In Anxiety And Depression: Attention Responses To Mood Congruent Stimuli, Glen Edward Berry Jan 1996

Information Processing In Anxiety And Depression: Attention Responses To Mood Congruent Stimuli, Glen Edward Berry

Digitized Theses

Previous research (e.g., MacLeod & Mathews, 1990) has found that anxious individuals show an attentional bias towards negative information, but evidence for such a bias in depressed individuals is equivocal. Conversely, there are fairly consistent findings that depressed individuals display a recall bias for negative information, whereas the findings for anxious individuals are mixed. However, task demands from this research may not have allowed anxious and depressed subjects to process information to the same extent. In the present study, 15 clinically depressed, 15 clinically anxious, 16 community control, 17 mildly depressed, 19 mildly anxious, and 17 nonclinical control subjects were …

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Inhibition-Confrontation Model Of Coping And Uncertainty Orientation: Individual Differences In The Disclosure Of Traumas, Melissa Christine Brouwers Jan 1996

Inhibition-Confrontation Model Of Coping And Uncertainty Orientation: Individual Differences In The Disclosure Of Traumas, Melissa Christine Brouwers

Digitized Theses

Supporters of the inhibition-confrontation model of coping assert that inhibition of thoughts and feelings associated with traumatic life events requires the expenditure of physiological resources. This places the body under stress and results in an increased vulnerability to illness. By disclosing the traumatic event, it is believed that inhibition is released, reducing the strain on the body and the proclivity toward disease.;The primary purpose of the present study is to broaden this model by demonstrating that differences in uncertainty orientation will mediate the extent to which disclosure results in a release of inhibition for all persons. The theory of uncertainty …

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Money Beliefs And Quality Of Life, Or, What Is Money For, If It Doesn't Buy Happiness?, Rosalind Maureen Callard Jan 1996

Money Beliefs And Quality Of Life, Or, What Is Money For, If It Doesn't Buy Happiness?, Rosalind Maureen Callard

Digitized Theses

Can money buy happiness? Few psychological studies have systematically attempted to answer this question, although several have shown a small (.11 to.19) but significant correlation between income and quality of life. It is argued in this study that the relationship between income and quality of life is complex. Aspects of money that might affect quality of life were identified as money beliefs, money goals, appraisals of finances, financial situation and money behaviours. The study then focused on the money beliefs aspect. Money beliefs were identified and described using a qualitative research paradigm. A scale of money beliefs (the Money Beliefs …

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A Test Of The Effects Of Leadership Style And Task Feedback On Self-Efficacy, Performance Quality And Attitudes, Christine M. Shea Jan 1995

A Test Of The Effects Of Leadership Style And Task Feedback On Self-Efficacy, Performance Quality And Attitudes, Christine M. Shea

Digitized Theses

The present study examined the effect of three leadership styles (i.e., charismatic, structuring and considerate) and three feedback conditions (i.e., internal inspection, external inspection and no feedback) on individual performance on a manufacturing task and on attitudes towards the task and the leader.;One hundred and forty eight graduate business students were randomly assigned to one of three leadership conditions and one of three feedback conditions. They then participated in an exercise which required them to build four electrical wiring harnesses and complete a series of questionnaires. The questionnaires measured their self-efficacy before each trial and their attitude towards the task …

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Infants' Use Of Spatial Co-Location In A Cross-Modal Perception Task, Kimberley Diane Fenwick Jan 1995

Infants' Use Of Spatial Co-Location In A Cross-Modal Perception Task, Kimberley Diane Fenwick

Digitized Theses

The role of spatial co-location between sight and sound in infants' cross-modal learning was examined. In Experiments 1 and 2, 4- and 6-month-old infants were familiarized with toys and an accompanying soundtrack using a cross-modal learning paradigm. Across conditions, spatial congruity between sight and sound was varied so that the sound was: (1) co-located with one toy (40 cm from midline); (2) 20 cm to the far side of one toy toward midline; (3) 20 cm to the far side of one toy opposite midline; and (4) 60 cm to the far side of one toy opposite midline. In Experiment …

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The Dimensionality Of Managerial Third-Party Interventions In Conflict Among Subordinates And Their Relationship With Desired Outcomes, Patrick Gregory Irving Jan 1995

The Dimensionality Of Managerial Third-Party Interventions In Conflict Among Subordinates And Their Relationship With Desired Outcomes, Patrick Gregory Irving

Digitized Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to conduct preliminary research designed to move toward the development of a prescriptive model of managerial third-party intervention in conflicts between subordinates. Similarities have been noted between Sheppard's (1984) recommendations for the development of such a model and the Vroom-Yetton model of managerial decision making (Vroom & Jago, 1988: Vroom & Yetton, 1973).;Two studies were conducted that examined aspects of Sheppard's recommendations. Study 1 was designed to examine the underlying dimensionality of a set of 25 conflict intervention strategies derived from the literature. Participants were asked to rate the similarity-dissimilarity of pairs of strategies. …

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An Examination Of Whether Irony And Sarcasm Are Different Terms For The Same Psychological Construct, Christopher James Lee Jan 1995

An Examination Of Whether Irony And Sarcasm Are Different Terms For The Same Psychological Construct, Christopher James Lee

Digitized Theses

Researchers have studied counterfactual statements, such as "There's not a cloud in the sky!" uttered during a violent thunderstorm, both as instances of irony (Jorgensen, Miller & Sperber, 1984; Kreuz & Glucksberg, 1989; Katz & Lee, 1993) and as instances of sarcasm (Gibbs, 1986; Kreuz & Glucksberg, 1989). It is not surprising that some terms are used inconsistently in a young field of investigation such as the psycholinguistics of irony and sarcasm. However. the inconsistent use of the terms irony and sarcasm across different empirical studies is problematic when research participants are asked to judge whether or not counterfactual statements …

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Social Rank And Foraging Behavior In Rats: Effects Of Food Size, Density And Distribution, Maria Phelps Jan 1995

Social Rank And Foraging Behavior In Rats: Effects Of Food Size, Density And Distribution, Maria Phelps

Digitized Theses

A number of field studies, conducted with birds, have found that dominant birds aggress against subordinate birds to attain priority of access to food. However, the level of aggression exhibited by dominant birds varied in accord with a cost-benefit analysis of the physical properties and spatial organization of the resource base. When the costs of aggression exceeded the benefits gained from resource defense, dominant birds decreased the level of aggression. Because rats also forage in groups and form functional social hierarchies, it was predicted that dominant rats, like dominant birds, would decrease aggression as a function of three resource attributes. …

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The Role Of Literal Meaning In Proverb Comprehension, Nigel E. Turner Jan 1995

The Role Of Literal Meaning In Proverb Comprehension, Nigel E. Turner

Digitized Theses

According to the 'Standard Pragmatic Model of Language', a person initially attempts to understand figurative sentences such as metaphors and proverbs in terms of their literal meaning and only processes the figurative meaning when the literal meaning is found inadequate. Experimental studies have failed to support this model; however, many of these studies confounded literalness with conventionality. Furthermore, the role of literal meaning during figurative language comprehension remains unresolved. The purpose of this thesis is to conduct a more valid test of the Standard Pragmatic Model, and to determine the role of literal meaning during proverb comprehension. In the first …

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3d Computer Modeling Of Human Mandible Motion With Application To Human Facial Motion, Yuan Wang Jan 1995

3d Computer Modeling Of Human Mandible Motion With Application To Human Facial Motion, Yuan Wang

Digitized Theses

Computer facial modeling and animation has been an interest of computer graphics researchers for many years. This is not only because the face itself is an interesting object, but also because facial animation finds application in many other disciplines (for example, entertainment, medical education, telecommunication, psychology, medicine, and linguistics). Because the mandible motion plays a major role in modeling facial motion, its study is of significance to each of those disciplines as well. In addition, the mandible itself is an object of study in the area of clinical science.;Current facial movement models in computer animation have difficulty dealing with facial …

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Maternal Depression, Perceptions, Contextual Stress, And Parenting, Christine Marie-Antoinette Wekerle Jan 1995

Maternal Depression, Perceptions, Contextual Stress, And Parenting, Christine Marie-Antoinette Wekerle

Digitized Theses

The relationship between maternal depression and parenting was explored in three distinct ways: (1) the direct effect of maternal depression, as it is measured proximally and distally to parenting, (2) the moderation of proximal and distal maternal depression by contextual stress, and (3) the mediation of proximal and distal maternal depression by maternal perceptions of child problem behaviour. Two aspects of maternal behaviour were examined: aversive parenting (negative control strategies, negative affect, lack of positive control strategies) and positive affect (positive affect and affection).;A community sample of 95 mother-child dyads participated in 12, 1-hr in-home behavioural observations. Also, mothers completed …

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Self-Concept Dimensions Associated With Eating Disturbance, Sandra Ann Yuen Jan 1995

Self-Concept Dimensions Associated With Eating Disturbance, Sandra Ann Yuen

Digitized Theses

The present thesis provided a detailed examination of the self-concept variables associated with eating disturbance. Two distinct self-concept variables, namely, the content and evaluative dimensions of self, were evaluated in relation to global measures of bulimia nervosa. These self-concept dimensions were further examined in relation to the eating pathology and general maladjustment features of bulimia, including the behavioural, motivational, and cognitive-affective components of eating disturbance.;Study 1 examined the actual and ideal self-concept content dimensions and the self-certainty and attribute importance evaluative self-dimensions, across the domains of body image, depressive personality, sociability, and social roles. Individuals reporting higher levels of bulimia …

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An Investigation Of Value Accessibility And Its Role In The Value-Attitude Relationship, Rae Sidney Gilchrist Jan 1995

An Investigation Of Value Accessibility And Its Role In The Value-Attitude Relationship, Rae Sidney Gilchrist

Digitized Theses

The primary thesis of this research is that values can causally influence attitudes, and that one mechanism of that influence involves value accessibility, or the ease with which values can be accessed from memory. Three studies are reported that address questions concerning the nature of value accessibility and its role in the value-attitude relationship.;A significant positive relationship was found to exist between the importance people ascribe to various values and the speed with which they can indicate the perceived importance of these values. This was interpreted to mean that response latencies constitute a valid measure of value accessibility.;It was further …

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Personality-Oriented Job Analysis, Maryann Frances Fraboni Jan 1995

Personality-Oriented Job Analysis, Maryann Frances Fraboni

Digitized Theses

The purpose of the present research was to develop a personality-oriented job analysis measure that could be used to identify non-cognitive person attitudes relevant to a given job. One application of this new job analysis measure could be to use it within a person-job (P-J) fit predictive framework.;Three studies were conducted. The first study was aimed at testing an initial item pool developed for the personality-oriented job analysis measure and selecting the best items for each scale. The job analysis measure was constructed to assess (a) 15 personality traits measured by the Jackson Personality Inventory (Jackson, 1994) and (b) 12 …

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