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Reading Strategies In Three Different Types Of Materials, Mary Jane Gray, Dawn Wozniak

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

It seems safe to assume that all agree-the answer to the question "What is the major purpose of reading?" is, of course, "Comprehension." The next question, "What is comprehension?" is not so easily answered. Many books and articles are directed to this question, but there is and probably will never be a single clear-cut answer.

The Newbery Award Books: Are They Being Read?, Susan Foster

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The subjects for the study consisted of 750 students, divided evenly between third and fifth grades, and drawn from schools to represent equal numbers of rural, urban, and metropolitan groups in Oklahoma. There was almost equal distribution of girls and boys. The students were given a list of books designed to assess the frequency extent to which they had read the Newbery Award Books. The list consisted of fifty children's books, of which ten were Newbery Award books. The participants were asked to indicate whether or not they had read the book. The Newbery Award Books were the winners from …

The Effects Of U.S.S.R. On Students' Attitudes And Achievements, Judith C. Langford, Elizabeth G. Allen

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The program called Uninterrupted Sustained Silent Reading (USSR or SSR) is widely advocated, sometimes under other names (Moore, Jones, and Miller, 1980), as a program which should help foster positive attitudes toward reading as well as help improve reading achievement (Hunt, 1972; Mork, 1972; McCracken, 1971; Noland, 1976). USSR incorporates attributes mentioned by many writers as valuable for the development of favorable attitudes and increased achievement: a specific time set aside for reading at regular intervals; a large quantity and wide variety of reading materials available; provision of a role model in that the teacher and other adults in the …

Reading Horizons Vol. 23, No. 3

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Complete issue of Reading Horizons volume 23, issue 3.

Developing Fluency In The Disabled Reader, Barbara Johnson

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

As a reading teacher, do you know of a third grader or older student exhibiting the following reading difficulties? (1) The student is unsure of high frequency words such as the Dolch words. (2) The student is a word-by-word reader. (3) The student reads connected discourse in a disjointed manner- ignoring punctuation, making abnormal pausal units, etc. (4) The student frequently repeats words and phrases. In general, this type of student has difficulties comprehending text, and lacks the desire and motivation to pursue reading. These reading difficulties describe students who have trouble with fluency. If you are teaching students with …

Instructional Cloze Procedures: Rationale, Framework, And Examples, William J. Valmont

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Cloze procedures are being used by more and more teachers. Schools, school districts, and state school systems have been using cloze or modified cloze procedures for testing reading comprehension growth. More educators now have begun to use cloze for teaching reading. One reason for this development, perhaps, is that research findings show cloze as a potentially effective instructional technique. Jongsma (1980) states that cloze " ... is no more or less effective than many of the conventional instructional methods t,hat are widely used." Even with such a modest endorsement cloze instruction has exploded in popularity.

Applying The Critical Reading Process To The Gray Model, Fehl L. Shirley

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

This paper is an attempt to adapt the critical reading process to the Gray model of reading. The four steps of the Gray model (1948) identified as word perception, comprehension, reaction, and integration become in the critical reading process the perception of the connotative power of words, the comprehension of persuasive language, the reaction of judgment, and the integration of monitoring devices by the insightful, discriminating reader. As in the Gray model, the steps are interdependent since the connotations of words influence comprehension as well as the reaction of judgment.

Acquisition Of Syntax--A Developmental Process, Linda Lehnert

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Recent studies of elementary school children's language have revealed developmental trends in the acquisition of syntax. The following discussion reviews studies of the productive oral syntax (Le., studies of syntax based on natural conversation) of children between ages 5 and 9 years, in terms of: developmental characteristics of productive oral syntax; the relationship between conservation (a measure of cognitive maturity) and productive oral syntax; and recommendations for classroom instruction. Findings from the cited studies lend strong Support to the theory that language learning is a developmental process.

Student Leaders As Interpreters Of High School Student Opinion, William Gerard Mulcrone

Dissertations

This study was designed to investigate the accuracy with which selected student leaders from 30 public high schools in Macomb County, Michigan, reflected the opinions of the general student population of high school seniors in the same county. Specifically, data were collected which would determine the advisability of implementing change suggested by the opinions of the student leaders.

Data were collected from 90 elected high school student leaders selected by faculty and administration to represent their schools on the Student Commission on Public Education (SCOPE), and a systematic random sample of 607 high school seniors using portions of the "Macomb …

A Study Of Leadership Training Programs For Charge Nurses In Nursing Homes, Joanne Esther Smith

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop leadership training program components for charge nurses in nursing homes and to learn if there were differences in the perceptions of the directors of nursing and the charge nurses concerning the proposed components.

Three research questions were developed for consideration. The first question was concerned with the perceptions of the directors of nursing and the charge nurses concerning the need for the proposed 14 leadership components, while the second question was concerned with the present status of these components in training programs in their respective nursing homes. The third question was concerned …

The Marxian And The Weberian Theories Of Bureaucracy: Contradictions And Approximations, Khai Leong Ho

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study is to analyse (1) the basic elements in Marx's and Weber's theories of bureaucracy, and (2) the contradictions and approximations that appear in both the Marxian and the Weberian paradigms. An attempt is made to examine the dysfunctional aspects of bureaucracy in relation to the Weberian model, and the bureaucratization of socialism which is the unanticipated consequence of the Marxian model. The conclusion of this study indicates that the two seemingly opposite approaches, after all, have certain similarities in their theoretical framework and in their practical dilemma.

Organizing Reading Material Into Thought Units To Enhance Comprehension, Kathleen C. Stevens

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Many teachers recognize that type of poor reader who "knows the words but just can't comprehend what he or she is reading." Reading programs have been relatively successful in dealing with tasks at the word level, yet we recognize that comprehension is truly the goal of reading. Teachers have been clamoring for ideas to enhance the comprehension abilities of their students. This article offers one suggestion for the improvement of comprehension.

Sedimentation Rate Of Salt Determined By Micrometeorite Analysis, James Matthew Barnett

Masters Theses

The sedimentation rate of the A-l Evaporite of Michigan was determined by analysis of micrometeorites found as inclusions in the halite deposit. The samples were obtained from the Dow Chemical Company salt well number eight. The residue from the dissolved salt was magnetically separated and later analyzed by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), X-ray diffraction , and microprobe techniques. The amount of extraterrestrial material was determined from the quantity of nickel present.

A sedimentation rate of .01 to .4 centimeters per year was calculated for the salt based on a constant influx rate of meteoritic material of 1 x 10 …

The Geology And Geochemistry Of The Summit Creek Molybdenum Prospect, Custer County, Idaho, Thomas Murray Hanna

Masters Theses

The Summit Creek stock, a molybdenum prospect located in the Pioneer Mountains of central Idaho, is a 46.7 m.y. old medium grained, slightly porphyritic quartz monzonite, which has intruded the late Ordovician Phi Kappa formation. Trend surface analysis shows that the stock is the product of one intrusive event. Pervasive mineral alteration usually associated with such porphyry (stockwork) molybdenum deposits is not present in this pluton, and the alteration that is present is confined to local faults and fractures.

Geochemical and petrographic evidence suggest that the pluton is a felsic differentiate from a melt which originated at a depth of …

Electrical Resistivity Survey Near The "Kl" Avenue Landfill, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, David W. Hall

Masters Theses

The KL Avenue Landfill near Kalamazoo, Michigan has recently become an area of ground water contamination. As of April, 1979, the landfill was closed due to contaminated wells to the west. This area was chosen to study because preliminary electrical resistivity surveys indicated that the approximate areal extent and depth of the contamination may be located without the additional cost of drilling wells. It is the intent of this study to use the Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding method to construct a hydrogeologic model for this area.

This study is a rather critical test of the Schlumberger VES method in a …

The Use Of Punishment In Industry, Promise Sibonisiwe Zungu

Masters Theses

This study was aimed at finding out if apparent inadequate use of punishment in industry is a problem of lack of knowledge of appropriate punishment procedures on the part of punishment agents (supervisors/managers) or a problem of execution. Variables that affect the effectiveness of punishment were identified by means of a literature search, as timing, intensity , consistency, appropriateness, providing a ration ale and punishment schedules.

Test items were constructed and administered to two groups to find out if there was any consistency between participants ' recommendations about disciplinary procedures and punishment principles. Results showed that the majority of participants …

The Effects Of Insulin On Hepatic Glucocorticoid Receptor Content In The Diabetic Rat, Jeffrey John Yourick

Masters Theses

The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat liver was analyzed for glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) content by a saturation and Scatchard analysis. A preliminary study was performed on the stabilization of the cytoplasmic GCR in a frozen cytosol preparation. The addition of 10% glycerol (V/V), 10 mM sodium molybdate, and 0.2 mg/ml trypsin inhibitor resulted in an approximate 20% sparing of GCR content upon freezing.

The hepatic GCR content of diabetic rats was significantly decreased from a control level of 0.1667 ± 0.0142 pmol/mg protein to 0.1094 ± 0.007 pmol/mg protein. Insulin replacement therapy to the diabetic rat dramatically increased the hepatic GCR content. …

Overcoming Unadaptive Behavior: An Assertive Skills Program For Women Entering The Workforce, Julia Sara Wolf

Masters Theses

This study examined the various relationships between the assertive content of a structured phone call and the probabilities of obtaining an interview in a program designed to generate new assertive behaviors for women entering the workforce. This study was implemented in the setting of a job finding program. It was shown that the difference between calls that produced interviews and those that didn't was a higher percentage of component use in those calls that resulted in an interview. In addition, the utilization of two specific assertive components when placing a call was associated with, a higher probability of obtaining an …

A Central Administration Internship In The Calhoun Intermediate School District, Donald J. Morris

Masters Theses

The Calhoun Intermediate School District serves Calhoun County which is located in Southwestern Michigan, centered approximately at the intersection of I-94 and 1-69. The school system serves students K-12 in 15 individual school districts. It serves as a link between local districts and the State Department of Education, furnishing services that single districts find difficult or impossible to perform. The CISD is operated by an intermediate school district board of education in cooperation with local boards of education and supported by the people of CISD and the people of the State of Michigan.

The internship involved 240 hours working with …

Summary Of An Internship At Kalamazoo Central High School And Portage Central High School, William James Mieras

Masters Theses

The intern's goal was to gain leadership experience relative to the position of high school principal. The objectives for meeting the goal were:

1. Acquisition of administrative and technical skills in the development of policy content and procedures for high school students and staff

2. Acquisition of human relations skills in administrative group problem solving activities and public relations techniques

3. Acquisition of conceptual skills in curriculum development Methods for accomplishing the objectives were active participation, discussions, and observations. Objectives were achieved as demonstrated by summary information and products. The intern was able to conclude from the experience that a …

Knowledge Mapping: A System For The Design And Construction Of Curricula, Linda M. Tipper

Masters Theses

This article presents a concise system for guiding content planners in the selection and analysis of content for any curriculum. The Knowledge Mapping system is compared to other curriculum development systems and is shown to meet some current needs which these systems have not met. An analysis of the Knowledge Map is provided and a demonstration of the impact that Knowledge Mapping can have on curriculum construction is presented. The demonstration illustrates that the use of this system can provide a tool for content planners which leads to a greater consistency between objectives and evaluation materials. The multiple uses of …

The Implementation Of Human Reproductive Programs Following Pa 226 Of 1977 In Michigan K-12 Public School Districts, Jerry L. Hilton

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree to which the Michigan K-12 Public School Districts have chosen to implement Public Act 226 of 1977. This statute from the Michigan Legislature deals with the topic of sex education in the public schools. The review of literature resulted in four hypotheses based upon the setting, size, basic instructional expenditures and the location of the district within the state. A research instrument was mailed to all 529 public school districts and had an 87% return rate with good representation from the entire state. For this study the state of Michigan …

Kinetics And Mechanism Of Acylation Of Amines With 2-Naphthoyl Azide, Abraham L. Faburada

Dissertations

The reaction of 2-naphthoyl azide with primary and secondary amines in protic and aprotic solvents follows second-order kinetics. The effect of increasing solvent polarity is shown to increase the rate of reaction. For amines of similar basicity, the rate of reaction decreases with increasing steric hindrance on the amine. The changes in free energy and entropy of activation for n-butylamine and cyclohexylamine are in accord with steric requirements of amines. For amines of similar steric hindrance, the rate of reaction increases with increasing amine basicity. The mechanism of addition-elimination involving the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate is consistent with the …

Complex Behavior: A Systematic Reformulation Of Radical Behavioral Analyses, Linda J. Parrott

Dissertations

Mentalistic psychology thrives in the absence of a satisfactory, naturalistic account of complex human behavior. Inadequacies in the radical behavioral position with respect to complex events are of two sorts. First, the complexity of such events is undermined, either by reducing the latter; or, by providing only a very superficial treatment of events at their own level of complexity. The former procedure applies to Skinner's treatment of verbal behavior; the latter to his distinction between rule governed and contingency shaped behavior. Second, the analyses made of some classes of complex phenomena indicate a commerce with metaphysical philosophy, and they thereby …

A Study Of Michigan Local School District Community Information/Relations Systems, Stanley Joseph Olson

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to review the relationship between the operation of a full-time community information/relations program and citizen financial support in Michigan local school districts. The study also identified and investigated model components of successful full-time community information/relations programs.

Financial support records of 11 local school districts identified as operating full-time community information/relations programs (community information/relations districts) were compared to those records established by a comparable sample group of local school districts which did not operate a program (traditional districts) during a five year period, 1977-1982. This was done to determine whether districts operating community information/relations programs …

Cerebrovascular Lesions, Emotional Behavior And Changes In Reinforcement Density, George Kahle Henry

Masters Theses

Two adult stroke patients, one left hemisphere and one right hemisphere, reported weekly levels of depression, anxiety, and hostility following discharge to the home environment. Spouses reported weekly levels of perceived changes in emotional behavior. Data on changes in emotional behavior were recorded using the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist. Weekly rates of positive reinforcement were recorded throughout the study for both patients. Following an eight week baseline period the rate of positive reinforcement was increased via manipulation of homework assignments to involve the patients in previously enjoyed activities. Results revealed a moderately high negative correlation between patient*s reported level of …

Otopathology In Two Lines Of The Diabetic Chinese Hamster, Cricetulus Griseus, Jo A. Oostveen

Masters Theses

Recent evidence suggests that a bilateral, progressive sensorineural hearing loss is associated with diabetes mellitus in humans. The microangiopathy presumedly leading to this loss seems to be similar to microvascular changes leading to this loss seems to be similar to microvascular changes leading to renal and retinal deterioration. A total of twenty-four pairs of temporal bones from two diabetic, and one non-diabetic lines of the Chinese hamster were processed and evaluated for their total auditory histopathology. Hematoxylin and eosin serial sections demonstrated a mean otopathological involvement 5.6 times greater for diabetic animals compared to non-diabetic animals. Capillary basement membrane thickening …

Effects Of Social Support As A Moderator Of Role Stress Among School Principals, Richard Glen Siler

Dissertations

In this study, an interdisciplinary approach was used to examine the problem of role stress and social support as a stress moderator. The purposes of this study were: (a) to determine the level of occupational stress for school principals and identify significant occupational stressors, (b) to measure the effects of social support in reducing role stress, (c) to note the characteristics of the effective providers of social support, and (d) to identify factors in the educational setting that can strengthen coping skills by providing for social support.

A total sample of 355 subjects was randomly selected from the larger population …

A Study Of The Relationship Between Teachers' Perceptions Of Self-Actualization Needs And Their Perceptions Of Satisfaction With The Teaching Profession, Margaret Anne Kennard

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teachers' perceptions of how well they are meeting their self-actualization needs and their perceptions of satisfaction with the teaching profession. The review of related literature led to the development of the main hypothesis: "There is a direct relationship between teachers' perceptions of how well they are meeting their self-actualization needs and their perceptions of satisfaction with the teaching profession." Eight subhypotheses were developed which dichotomized segments of the population according to gender, age, years of experience, and grade level taught. The relationship between perceptions of self-actualization and perceptions of …

The Determination' Of A Strength Gain Of The Quadriceps And Hamstrings From Recreational Cross-Country Skiing, Cheryl A. Hofman

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine a strength gain of the quadriceps and hamstrings due to recreational cross-country skiing. Eleven subjects, four male and seven female, from two selected, beginning cross-country ski classes at Western Michigan University participated. For both the pretest and posttest, each subject performed five maximal, reciprocal contractions of the dominant and nondominant knee flexors and extensors. The data were collected on a Cybex II Dual Channel Dynamometer and Instrumentation System, #7104. Two Analyses of Variance, randomized block, factorial designs were used to analyze the dependent variable, torque, as it related to the independent variables …