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Body Composition Estimation And Satisfaction In College Students, Claire Pacelli, Hannah Forrester, Shana Walsh, Thomas Andre, Joshua J. Gann, Brian Leutholtz, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

College students are at an elevated risk for engaging in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, including disordered eating and low levels of exercise. Evidence also suggests that college students inaccurately estimate their weight status (e.g., reporting they are overweight when they are at a normal weight) and report high levels of body dissatisfaction. Efforts to promote healthy behavior change and body satisfaction first require an accurate perception of the problem. The purpose of this study was to 1) determine the accuracy with which college students estimate their weight and body composition, and 2) better understand the relationship between body composition and body …

Mediation Of The Translocation Of Nnosμ During Unloading-Induced Atrophy Of Skeletal Muscle Via Nox2 Inhibition, Sarah E. Little, Jeffrey M. Hord, Dinah A. Rodriguez, Erika L. Garcia-Villatoro, Marcela M. Garcia, John M. Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mechanical unloading results in detachment of the mu-splice variant of neuronal nitric oxidase synthase (nNOSμ) from the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and sarcolemma and translocation to the cytosol. We recently found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in nNOSμ translocation during unloading and muscle atrophy. NOX2, an isoform of NADPH oxidase and source of ROS, may play a causal role in nNOSμ translocation. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of NOX2 peptidyl inhibition in reducing the translocation of nNOSμ from the sarcolemma and subsequently soleus CSA. Adult male Fisher 344 rats were randomly assigned to one …

Predicting Vo2max In Collegiate American-Style Football Athletes, Kalen A. Johnson, Kelsey Mclaughlin, Steven E. Martin, John S. Green Ph.D., Stephen F. Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) is an important measurement for athletic performance. A common method of VO_2max prediction is the Foster equation (MSSE, 1996). This equation produces accurate predictions in a normal population, however, significant difference has been noted between predicted and measured VO_2max values when testing athletes. While other studies have produced new equations for athletes in general or even for soccer players, to our knowledge none have made one specifically for American-style football players. Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop an accurate VO_2max prediction equation for collegiate American-style football athletes …

Case Study: Exercise Management Of Chf Patient After Debilitating Fall, Meghan Brown, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

History: A 64-year-old male (160.5 kg) was referred to our cardiopulmonary rehabilitation exercise program in October of 2015. Medical history and initial baseline physical assessments were measured including resting 12-lead ECG, SaO₂- 95 %, HR- 65 bpm, BP- 146/82 mmHg, glucose- 128 mg/dL, weight- 160.5 kg, and the Duke Activity Status Questionnaire and HSQ-SF36® quality of life questionnaire. He was cleared for exercise and given a basic orientation to exercise equipment including Nu-Step® and six different band resistance exercises prescribed at 2 sets of 20 (RPE rating = 13). An exercise prescription for attending the program three days …

The Effects Of Prior Caffeine Ingestion On Respiratory And Cardiovascular Responses During Submaximal Exercise In Trained And Untrained Women, Kaitlyn S. Foster, Scott P. Mclean, Jimmy C. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Caffeine consumption prior to exercise has been shown to produce beneficial effects during subsequent exercise in trained men. These benefits include decreased RPE, reduced respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and decreased oxygen deficit. While these effects have been demonstrated in men, little work has been done to evaluate the effects of prior caffeine ingestion on exercise responses in untrained women. Methods: Twelve women (6 trained, 6 untrained) completed two submaximal bouts of cycling, at 60% of maximal HR, 45 min after consuming either caffeine (3 mg/kg) or a placebo. During these bouts, RPE, RER, VO₂, and HR were …

Effects Of Acute Vaporized Nicotine In Non-Tobacco Users At Rest And During Exercise, Juan Mejia, Jeremy Garcia, William H. Cooke, Caroline A. Rickards, Donovan L. Fogt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Smokers, and even non-smokers, may utilize vaporized nicotine delivered by electronic cigarette (EC) due to the perception that EC are “healthier” than traditional tobacco cigarettes. The effects of vaporized nicotine delivered by EC on resting blood pressure (BP) and metabolic rate (RMR), or BP and aerobic power during exercise have not been studied. This investigation tested the effects of acute vaporized nicotine inhalation by EC on resting BP and RMR and cycle exercise BP, metabolic responses, and aerobic power in young, normotensive non-smokers. Using a double-blind design, 20 subjects (10 female; 23.1±2.5 years, 1.69±0.1 m, 70.6±14.9 kg; 22.1±11.0% body fat) …

Cardiorespiratory Responses During 2-Person Cpr Using Two Assisted Cpr Devices Versus Manual Cpr, Richard Vega Ii, William H. Cooke, Klarissa Sosa, Elizabeth Vega, Donovan L. Fogt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Active Compression-decompression-CPR (ACD-CPR) requires rescuers to perform work during both phases of CPR. ACD-CPR provides active pre-loading of a patient’s heart with venous return as well as enhanced stroke volume during resuscitation. Prolonged, one-person CPR is exhausting and associated with decayed CPR quality over time. Active compression-decompression-CPR (ACD-CPR) requires the rescuer to actively work during both phases of CPR. We evaluated the metabolic cost of manual CPR (M-CPR), ACD-CPR1, and ACD-CPR2 (with adhesive pad) during a 10-min resuscitation period. We hypothesized that the metabolic cost for the devices would be similar to M-CPR. Twenty (10 female) participants (23.5±3.5y, 165.8±25.6cm, 72.5±12.2kg) …

Metabolic Responses Of Two Assisted Cpr Devices Versus Manual Cpr During 1-Person Cpr, Vincent Dejesus, Jonathan Barbosa, Christopher Blount, William H. Cooke, Jeremy Garcia, Patrick Gutierrez, Mahanaim Molina, Elisa Montiel, Donovan L. Fogt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Prolonged, one-person CPR is exhausting and associated with decayed CPR quality over time. Active compression-decompression-CPR (ACD-CPR) requires the rescuer to actively work during both phases of CPR. We evaluated the metabolic cost of manual CPR (M-CPR), ACD-CPR1, and ACD-CPR2 (with adhesive pad) during a 10-min resuscitation period. We hypothesized that the metabolic cost for the devices would be similar to M-CPR. Twenty (10 female) participants (23.5±3.5y, 165.8±25.6cm, 72.5±12.2kg) completed 3 randomized trials with performance feedback by investigators. Expired air was analyzed for estimations of metabolic cost via indirect calorimetry. Participants rested for 10 minutes before the baseline data collection followed …

Effects Of Acute Cold Exposure On Plasma Biomarkers Associated With Cardiovascular Disease, Clarissa Garza, Karina Samsuhadi, Ana Seatty, Sarah Ullevig, Donovan L. Fogt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators are used as biomarkers for CVD risk. Cold exposure has been suggested to improve some of these biomarkers. We measured cardiovascular inflammatory and lipid biomarkers to expand our knowledge of cold exposure and CVD risk. Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1 B) and Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) are inflammatory cytokines associated with various disease states. Free fatty acids (FFA) are released from fat cells in response to stress. We evaluated the effects of acute 30 min cold exposure on these blood biomarkers. We hypothesized that the inflammatory markers and plasma FFA levels would increase at 2-h post-cold exposure. …

Acute Effects Of Different Stretching Protocols Combined With Potentiating Exercise On Flexibility, Power, And Muscle Performance, Hyun Chul Jung, Nan Hee Lee, Gina Ok, Soeun Jeon, Sukho Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of different stretching protocols combined with potentiating exercise on flexibility, power, and muscle performance. This study was conducted in repeated and cross-over designed. Thirteen collegiate males aged 25.4±3.46 years voluntarily participated in this study. Prior to conduct stretching session, participants performed jogging on the treadmill for 5 min. Then, four different stretching protocols (non stretching; NS, static stretching; SS, dynamic stretching; DS, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching; PNFS) specially targeted for lower limb muscles combined with potentiating exercise (PE, 3 sets x 5 times tuck jumps) were randomly applied …

Effects Of Exercise And Nexrutine® On Biomarkers Of Cachexia In Tramp Mice, Kira L. Pamerleau, Paul Rivas, Nicolas Musi, Addanki Pratap Kumar, Darpan Patel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cachexia is a major adverse effect of prostate cancer (PCa) and leads to functional impairment and poor quality of life. The pathophysiology of cachexia is complex and includes an imbalance of anabolic and catabolic factors. Oncologists often encourage nutritional and physical interventions to improve cancer outcomes. However, it is unclear how these interventions affect the pathophysiology of PCa-induced cachexia. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that exercise and Nexrutine^® (a natural product derived from the bark of the Amur cork tree) can modulate cachexia in a transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. METHODS: Ten-week old TRAMP mice were randomized …

Effect Of Two Week L-Arginine Supplementation On Variables Related To Endurance And Strength Performance In Collegiate Football Players, Bobby J. White Iii, Nicholas A. Mask, Scott P. Mclean, Jimmy C. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: It has been shown that a month-long supplementation period of L-arginine, coupled with exercise training, increases exercise performance more than either supplementation or exercise alone (Hambrecht et al., 2000). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a shorter 2 wk L-arginine supplementation period on factors related to endurance and strength performance. Methods: Twelve collegiate football players volunteered to participate in this study. The control group (n = 6) and treatment group (n = 6) both participated in the same off-season training program that consisted of strength training 3 d/wk and agility training 2 d/wk. …

Effects Of Warm Up Intensity On Factors Related To Subsequent Performance Of Submaximal Exercise, Dylan Thomas Wilburn, Scott P. Mclean, Jimmy C. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Athletes often warm up (WU) prior to exercise to improve performance. However, there are no clear directives regarding the intensity of the WU that is most effective in improving physiological responses related to enhanced aerobic performance. Methods: Nine college-aged men (age, ht, mass, 20.6 yr, 1.7 m, 84.8 kg, respectively) performed WU of varying intensities, 60% ventilatory threshold (VT), 100%VT, and 120%VT prior to performing 5 min of steady state exercise at 80%VT on a cycle ergometer. O₂ deficit, RPE, steady state heart rate (HRss), and steady state VO₂ (VO₂ss) were measured during the exercise …

Kinesio Taping Does Not Alter Muscular Performance Of Lower Extremity In Obese Adults, Nan Hee Lee, Sukho Lee, Hyun Chul Jung, Gina Ok, Quenton Morgan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obese adults often experience a weight burden imposed on the joints during physical activities. Taping is known as an effective therapy that can lessen the stress on joints during physical activity. Specially, Kinesio taping has gained recognition to improve exercise performance. However, the acute effects of Kinesio taping using obese population have not been well established. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of Kinesio taping on the muscular strength, power, and endurance of lower extremity in obese adults. This study was conducted in randomized crossover design with 7 days washout periods. Fourteen obese adults (male: …

A Study Comparing Pre-Ingested L-Leucine And L-Isoleucine On Glycemic Responses In Healthy Inactive Adults: Preliminary Data., Daniel E. Newmire, Eric Rivas, Sarah E. Deemer, Victor Ben-Ezra

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background The co-ingestion of amino acids with a glucose drink has been shown to blunt the elevated post-prandial glucose response. Though not entirely clear, some suggest amino acids will facilitate an incretin-driven insulin response that improves glucose sensitivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the “priming” effect of pre-ingested amino acids on glycemic control in healthy inactive adults. We present here some preliminary data from 7 adults. Hypothesis We hypothesize that the pre-ingested amino acids would attenuate the post-prandial rise in glucose during a 75 g glucose tolerance test. Methods To test this, seven healthy adults (Females: …

The Effect Of Backward Running On Hamstring Flexibility In College Football Athletes, Cedric Whitaker, Erika Deike

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The purpose of this study was to test if an acute backwards running regimen could increase hamstring flexibility in college football players. Twenty healthy in-season Division 3 football players, with no history of hamstring injury, were recruited for this study. After a warm-up, a sit and reach pre-test was used to measure hamstring flexibility. Subjects were then randomly assigned into a control or experimental group. The experimental group underwent a 3 week intervention, which consisted of three 40 yard backward sprints on 2 nonconsecutive days each week. Following the 3 weeks, all subjects performed a sit and reach posttest and …

The Relationship Health And Attractiveness Self-Ratings With Body Satisfaction And Health Behavior, Brianna Henson, Erica Knowles, Mark D. Faries

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

‘Trigger Theory’ suggests that for a discrepancy to act as a trigger, the discrepancy must be interpreted as a ‘threat’ to an important self-concept or self-view. Triggering events have been cited as important sparks for weight loss and control behaviors in women, but only certain discrepancies result in a triggering event. The purpose for this study was to determine if there was a relationship between self-rated attractiveness and health with body mass index (BMI) self-esteem, weight satisfaction, dietary intake, and physical activity (PA). A relationship would indicate a role of both attractiveness and health self-views in self-concept and self-esteem, thus …

Effect Of An Acute Bout Of Exercise Using An Altitude Training Mask Simulating 12,000 Ft On Physiological And Perceptual Variables, Michael Maspero, John D. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The use of altitude training masks by the average person has increased in recent years with numerous endorsements by famous athletes, yet few studies can be found on the acute effects during exercise while wearing an altitude training mask (ATM). PURPOSE: To examine the acute physiological and perceptual effects of wearing an altitude training mask during exercise. METHODS: Fifteen participants (age=24.5±3.5 yrs., height=169.1±10.9 cm, weight=75.6±22.31 kg, BMI=26.0±4.92 kg/m²) completed two trails either wearing an ATM simulating 12,000 ft (~3,600 m) or not. Trial order was counterbalanced and randomized with the second trail exactly one week later. Participants were asked to …

Does Ecg Predict Cardiac Hypertrophy In American-Style Football Athletes?, Kory R. Sealy, Stephen F. Crouse, Stephanie White, John P. Erwin, Thomas H. Meade, Steven E. Martin, John S. Green, Johnathan M. Oliver, Dustin P. Jubert, Bradley S. Lambert, J. P. Bramhall Md, Kory Gill Md, David Weir

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The accurate and cost effective identification of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is clinically relevant due to its association with cardiac mortality in the general population. PURPOSE: To determine if electrocardiographic (ECG) voltage criteria predicts LV mass measured with cardiac ultrasound in collegiate American-style football (ASF) players. METHODS: Over a 3-year period, standard resting, supine 12-lead ECG and echocardiographic (ECHO) procedures were performed on 76 collegiate ASF players first entering an NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision university as part of their preparticipation physical exams. Player demographics were: age=18±1 yr., height=186±7 cm, weight=100.1±22.0 kg, BMI=28.6±5.0 kg·m², and BSA=2.24±0.25 m². …

Metabolic Effects On A Novel Whole Body Exercise Device Compared With A Cycle Ergometer, Melody A. Gary

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: This machine was created under the expectation that it gave a better cardio workout than a regular cycle ergometer. Methods: The purpose of this study was to compare the metabolic effects during a similar bout of exercise on the Fish and Kangaroo Machine (FKM) and a cycle ergometer. Recreationally active individuals (men, women; N=13) completed two workouts, one on the FKM and the other on the cycle ergometer. The exercise protocol included intervals alternating between exercise (3-min) and rest (3-min) for a total duration of 23-min. After the 1^st exercise bout (on the FKM) the heart rate response …

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Smartcells® Surface Technology On Vertical Jumping Forces, Kaitlyn R. Corbett, Scott P. Mclean, Jimmy Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is thought that a majority of lower extremity injuries in volleyball can be related to overuse or overtraining due to the high frequency of jumping and landing during practices and games. Further, it has been suggested that playing surfaces could contribute to these injuries. Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of SmartCells® Cushioning Technology in reducing impact forces experienced while playing volleyball. Methods: Twelve collegiate women’s volleyball players (age: 20.01 ± 1.29 yr, height: 172.85 ± 6.26 cm, mass: 73.45 ± 13.02 kg) performed two separate jumping tests. For the first test, each participant completed a series of drop-jumps, where …

The Jj Shuttle And In-Game Defensive Basketball Performance For Collegiate Male Players, Austin T. Mcculloch, Joe W. Priest, Joe Gillespie, Kayla Peak

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Agility is widely considered an important skill related fitness component in the game of basketball. Players are tasked to execute successful and efficient accelerations, sprints, abrupt stops, quick changes of direction, varying vertical jumps, and many times a combination of these motor skills. Agility can greatly impact the skills required for an athlete to excel on the court. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the agility of basketball players affected their in-game performance during regular season conference contests. The subjects (N = 10) in this study were members of a collegiate men’s basketball team. Agility of the …

Effects Of Dehydration On Resistance Training: An Ongoing Study, Matthew O. Mccullough, Joshua J. Gann, Thomas L. Andre, Sarah K. Mckinley, Darryn S. Willoughby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Dehydration via hot bath has been shown to impair resistance training performance when performed the same day. The performance decrements in this instance could potentially be due to a combination of the dehydration and residual effects of the heat exposure and not of the dehydration alone. To date, no research has examined the effects of previous night dehydration on resistance training performance. Purpose: The purpose of this ongoing study was to determine the effects of previous night dehydration on performance and perceptual measures during a full-body resistance training protocol. Methods: Healthy, resistance trained males (n = 4) completed two …

Exercise Management Of Congestive Heart Failure Patient After Pace Maker Replacement, Morgan Walker, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

History: In February of 2015 a 96 year old male started our rural-based cardiac and pulmonary exercise program. He was confined to a wheel-chair due to frequent episodes of extreme weakness and occasional syncope. An initial physical work-up, medical history, and exercise program was developed and he exercised without incident from Feb. to August. By September of 2015, he had increased his functional capacity by 1-2 METsand was regularly walking 50-100 meters with a walker during his exercise sessions.

Differential Diagnosis: 1. Congestive Heart Failure; 2. Anemia, 3. chronic heart failure (CHF), 4. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 5. coronary …

Frontal Asymmetry Changes Following Passive Hypo-Hydration, Kristen L. Martinez, William C. Alger, Eric J. Jones, Mark D. Faries

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Universal fluid consumption prescriptions among both athletic and non-athletic populations continue to elicit both hypo- and hyper-hydration (hypo-natremia). Thus, the need to find novel, identifiable traits within individuals who may be at higher risk to experience hypo-hydration, as well as hypo-natremia, is warranted. Of interest here, behavior is encapsulated by two motivational systems, referred to as approach/reward (R) or avoidance/non-reward (NR), respectively, in response to a behavioral stimulus. Past literature has revealed individual differences in consumptive traits of various types of foods between these motivational systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in R/NR via …

The Effects Of Short-Term Detraining And Subsequent Retraining On Body Composition And Muscle Performance In Males Consuming A Whey Protein Or Carbohydrate Supplement, Paul S. Hwang, Thomas L. Andre, Sarah K. Mckinley-Barnard, Joshua J. Gann, Flor E. Morales, Grant M. Tinsley, Darryn Willoughby Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

An acute bout of resistance exercise (RE) can up-regulate processes that stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Additionally, nutritional strategies involving carbohydrate (CHO) and whey protein (WP) supplementation can augment MPS. However, resistance training (RT) induced muscle anabolism during the early phases of training can attenuate over time. The use of a short-term cessation of training (detraining; DT) can potentially restore the attenuated muscular anabolic adaptive responses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a successive cycle of detraining and retraining (ReT) in humans on body composition and muscle performance. Resistance-trained males (age 20.95 ± 1.23 …

Physical Activity Levels And Measures Of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein In Apparently Healthy Male Firefighters, Bradley Kade, Jamie M. Cvikel, Max Sanderford, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Heart attack or stroke is the number one cause of on-duty death in firefighters. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a nontraditional risk factor that has been linked to increased risk of future cardiac events. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if physically active firefighters are less likely to have elevated levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) than sedentary firefighters. Methods: Self-Reported Physical Activity was determined using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in 62 male firefighters from Central Texas. Descriptive measures and blood lipid and metabolic measures were taken to determine cardiovascular risk. After participants were screened …

Predicting Percent Body Fat Using Body Mass Index And Abdominal Circumference, Adam C. Garcia, John D. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Assessing waist/ hip ratio is widely common to use since it does not require much skill and is vastly inexpensive. The understanding of how accurate the waist/ hip ratio technique, however, should be compared to more accepted practices in assessing percent body fat. PURPOSE: To determine if abdominal circumference (AC) predicts percent body fat (%BF) better than body mass index (BMI). METHODS: One hundred and fifty four subjects (age=26.3±5.1 yrs, height=168.5±9.6 cm, weight=80.4±22.09 kg) first had their height and weight measured with a Seca S-214 height rod (Hanover, MD) and a Detecto DR400C platform scale (Webb City, MO), with no …

Protein Assimilation, Usage And Storage, Franklen Phares, Frank B. Wyatt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Common concerns among athletes regarding protein consumption are the following: what protein type(s) is best suited for their particular needs; what amounts of protein should be consumed for their supplementation; and lastly, what should the timing of protein consumption be, for prime utilization in the body? There is a recommended daily allowance (RDA) by the National Institute of Health (NIH). The NIH recommends that an individual should be ingesting 0.8g/kg of body weight a day. Active individuals who include resistance training into their daily regime may need more than the RDA. The purpose of this study is to determine if …

Effect Of Low Or High Intensity Aerobic Exercise And The Association To Cardiovascular Halth Conditions For College-Aged Students, Kenechukwu Onwubuya, Enrique Castillo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of low or high intensity aerobic exercise over a three-week intervention period, and the relationship to physiological responses before and after exercise for college aged students. Subjects included were male and female (n=7). Measures were the following: Height (cm), weight (kg), blood pressure (mmHg), heart rate (b* min.^-1) and maximal oxygen consumption (ml*kg^-1*min.^-1). Subjects were classified as physically active or inactive college-aged students. The participants performed a volitional fatigue test on a treadmill ergometer for both the pre and post-test by utilizing the Bruce …