Digital Commons Network^™

The Impact Of Three Different Forms Of Warm Up On Performance, Andrew R. Hill

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

When it comes to high intensity training or competition, warmup routines should be chosen with performance as a primary concern. Different forms of warm up can potentially inhibit or improve performance aspects. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and self-myofascial release via foam rolling (SMR) on knee and hip range of motion, peak power, rate of force development, and jump height. Twelve subjects (n=12) both male (n=6) and female (n=6) who were recreationally or competitively active at least 3 times a week for at least 6 months prior to testing …

Cardiorespiratory Responses During Aquatic Treadmill Exercise And Land Treadmill Exercise In Adults With Diabetes, Todd J. Castleberry Mr., Janie Foreman, Kristen Codish, Sarah E. Deemer, Kyle D. Biggerstaff, B. Rhett Rigby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of aquatic treadmill (ATM) exercise to land treadmill (LTM) exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes. Five participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D group; 4 females, 1 male; age = 51±6 years; height = 170±7 cm; weight = 96±24 kg; body fat = 31.6±2.2%) and five participants without type 2 diabetes (control group; 4 females, 1 male; age = 51±6 years; height = 170±6 cm; weight = 71±15 kg; body fat = 26.8±4.6%) completed the study. Protocols for both ATM exercise and LTM exercise began at 2 mph with 0% …

Acute Changes In Matrix Metalloproteinase Following Exercise In Smokers And Non-Smokers, Rayomand Katrak, Mehul D. Nathubhai, Jonathan Jaoude, Kyung-Shin Park, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also known as matrixins, are involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix of the tissue. Cigarette smoking and exercise may influence these molecules in the circulation. PURPOSE: The current study investigated the responses of MMP-1, -2, and -9 before and after a single bout of exercise performed at lower- and higher-intensity in smokers and non-smokers. METHODS: Physically inactive (N=18, physical activity < 2 days per week) male smokers (N=8, carbon monoxide ≥ 16 ppm, smoking history > 2 years, smoking > 10 cigarettes per day) and non-smokers (N=10), the ages between 20 and 30, participated in the study. Participants exercised on a treadmill for 3 miles at two different intensities in random order (lower-intensity: …

Agility Measures Related To Game Performance Of Ncaa Baseball Pitchers, Andrew A. Wolfe, Joe Priest, Randy Martin, Kayla Peak

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Like most kinetic chains in athletic performance, the baseball pitching motion begins with the muscles of the legs and continues progressively through the torso, shoulders, and arms. Similarities are noted between the baseball pitching motion and the kinetic chain employed in agility tests that involve acceleration, deceleration, and change of direction measures of agility. Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to determine pre-season agility in NCAA pitchers and to relate these measures to regular season pitching performance. Methods: NCAA Division II pitchers (n=10, age 20.2 ± 1.9 yrs., weight 83.8 ± 10.3 kg, height 1.85 ± 0.48 m) volunteered …

Effect Of Pre-Exercise Nutrition On Human Skeletal Muscle Ucp3 Expression, Elisa Morales, Jeffrey S. Forsse, Thomas Andre, Sarah K. Mckinley, Paul Hwang, Grant Tinsley, John Davis, Mike Spillane, Peter Grandjean, Darryn Willoughby Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Increased UCP3 expression in skeletal muscle after exercise may be attributed to elevated free fatty acids (FFA) that are known to directly activate UCP3 expression. Pre-exercise glucose consumption has shown to blunt UCP3 expression in response to exercise. Since glucose ingestion before and during exercise is typically not a common practice, the goal of the present study was to assess the effect of a multi-macronutrient meal (drinkable shake) in the pre-exercise period towards human skeletal muscle UCP3 expression. METHODS: Using a crossover design, untrained participants performed an endurance exercise session (350 kcal at 70% of their VO₂max) …

The Effects Of Playing Surface On Plant Leg Knee Kinematics Of Men And Women Collegiate Soccer Players, Kirsten Mazur, Ashley Moulder, Scott P. Mclean, Jimmy Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The majority of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries for soccer players are non-contact. Women have a higher incidence of non-contact ACL injury than men. One of the five most important factors associated with these non-contact injuries is when the plant leg knee flexes to less than 30°. Women soccer players have also been reported to flex the knee less than men when planting to take a shot. While soccer is mainly played on natural grass (NG) fields, playing on artificial turf (AT) surfaces is becoming increasingly popular because of the many benefits including low maintenance. Recently some data has suggested …

Effects Of Vibration Training On Disability Status Among Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis, Edson Estrada, Maria C. Sanchez, George A. King, Feng Yang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disease affecting more than 570,000 Americans, and is among the most common causes of neurological disability in young adults. Controlled whole-body vibration (CWBV) training has been recently used to improve functional mobility among older adults and individuals with movement disorders, principally due to its attractive features, such as the safety, portability, and ease to operate, etc. However, it remains undetermined if and to what degree CWBV training can affect the disability level among individuals living with MS. The primary aim of this presented study was to examine the effects of an 8-week vibration …

Effects Of Two Intensities Of Exercise On Memory, Concentration, Planning, And Reasoning, Kristen A. Codish, Kevin Becker, Kyle Biggerstaff

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Active workstations (e.g., desk cycles) have recently gained popularity as a means of reducing sedentary behavior in schools. In addition to physical benefits, teachers who have adopted active classrooms anecdotally report cognitive benefits such as students being more focused during instruction. In contrast, empirical work suggests that concurrent exercise has a negative effect on cognition (Lambourne & Tomporowski, 2010). The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of no exercise (CON), low-intensity exercise (LOW), and moderate-intensity exercise (MOD) on a series of cognitive measures. Young, healthy participants (n=48) were randomly assigned to either CON (sedentary), LOW (25-30% HRR), …

Cerebral Vasoreactivity During Acute And Recovery Phase Post-Concussion: A Pilot Study, Kaitlyn Maffuid, Megan N. Murphy, Peter F. Davis, Sushmita Purkayastha

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The diagnosis of sports-related concussion is based mostly on clinical symptoms. Return-to-play decisions are made when the athletes are symptom free; however, some metabolic and physiological impairments may persist such as impairments in cerebral blood flow regulation. The purpose of this study was to examine cerebral vasoreactivity from acute phase to recovery phase in athletes with a sports-related concussion. Eight NCAA Division I male athletes (21 ± 2 years) with a confirmed sports-related concussion participated in the study. Data was collected on day 3 (acute) and day 21 (recovery) following a concussion. Subjects also reported any incidences of previous concussions. …

Impact Of Implanted Shrapnel-Like Pellets On Bone Integrity In Rats After One And Three Months, Alexandra M. Slavinsky, Kalen Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Depleted uranium (DU) and heavy metal tungsten alloys (HTMA), composed of tungsten, nickel, and either cobalt or iron, are used as kinetic energy penetrators in military applications. Due to this use, thousands of military service members experience shrapnel-related injuries. Since surgical removal could cause excessive tissue damage, these fragments are often left in place; however, the long-term health implications of leaving these fragments in the warfighter’s body is poorly understood. Preliminary evidence has shown bone tissue is a primary reservoir for storage of uranium, where it takes the place of calcium in the bone mineral matrix. The purpose of this …

Differential Relationships Of Fear Of Fat And Drive For Thinness With Body Dissatisfaction, Dietary Intake, And Supplement Behaviors In Athletes, Lauren A. Papanos Bs, Mark D. Faries Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The current research on healthy and unhealthy self-views and behaviors in athletes is extremely limited, with little insight into factors that represent important individual differences and correlate to behavioral choices – including dietary choices and supplement use. Thus, the purpose of this study was to extend our understanding by examining the differential associations between the fear of fat (FF; an avoidance motivation) and drive for thinness (DT; an approach motivation) with self-views of body dissatisfaction, dietary intake, and supplement- and physique-related behaviors, in a sample of competitive athletes. Seventy-six active women (n = 59) and men (n = …

Effects Of Kinesio Taping® On Muscular Motor Unit Recruitment In The Quadriceps In Healthy Individuals, Courtney D. Carlson, Scott P. Mclean, Jimmy Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Athletes and recreational exercise enthusiasts have considered numerous protocols and strengthening regimens for injury prevention, with Kinesio Tape® being a widely used intervention. Use of Kinesio Tape® has been suggested to enhance muscle performance and function in uninjured muscle but has received equivocal support in the literature. Purpose: To investigate the effect of muscular facilitation and inhibition taping methods using Kinesio Tape® on muscle activity during knee extension in healthy individuals. Methods: Sixteen healthy Southwestern University students (20.19+0.98 yr, 170.59+11.71 cm, and 74.60+19.37 kg) performed unilateral concentric knee extensions on the dominant leg at two loads (35%max, 70%max) with …

Comparison Of Calorie Counting Vs. Self Evaluation Methodology For Weight Loss, Sarah C. Hachar, Marisa K. Mccormack, Brittany Crim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a major health concern in the United States and one way to control it is through proper nutrition techniques (BRFSS, 2007, 2009). One technique, calorie counting, is used to control energy intake. Mindful eating, another technique, requires individuals to understand and interpret internal cues that control hunger (Timmerman, 2012). Smartphone applications have been created in order to facilitate these two techniques. Although both techniques have been proven efficacious in specific settings, the two techniques when supported by digital applications have never been compared. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of digital support in …

Relationship Of Cellular Adhesion Molecules And Stress Hormones In Obese Males Following Exercise, Mima Fondong, Jin K. Park, Stanley Ly, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The development of atherosclerosis is associated with a steady accumulation of inflammatory molecules. Exercise-induced hormones such as cortisol and catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) may play a role in endothelial inflammation. Methods: Fifteen obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) sedentary (less than 2 days per week of physical activity) male volunteers, the ages between 18 and30, participated in the study. The participants performed a single bout of cycling exercise (average energy expenditure ~ 300 kcal) at two different intensities in random order [low-intensity: 50% of maximal heart rate and high-intensity: 80% of maximal heart rate]. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, …

Relationship Between The Trust For Public Land Parkscore And Obesity Related Disease Prevalence, Audrey J. Anglin Miss, Jimmy Smith, Scott P. Mclean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Public parks provide a place for all citizens to be physically active, and research has shown that access to public parks increases community levels of physical activity. The Trust for Public Land (TPL) developed a ParkScore (PS) that assesses the quality of a park system. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between the TPL PS and obesity and obesity related disease prevalence in the U.S. Data for disease prevalence were acquired from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Park quality was assessed using the TPL PS. Any city that shared a county …

Preoperative Exercise During Neoadjuvant Therapy For Pancreatic Cancer: A Pilot Study, Nathan H. Parker, An T. Ngo-Huang, Vanessa A. Martinez, Maria Q.B. Petzel, David Fogelman, Holly Holmes, Satinderpal Dhah, Matthew H.G. Katz

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise improves cancer treatment outcomes including health-related quality of life and physical functioning. Patients with pancreatic cancer are generally older adults, and frailty and cachexia are prevalent. Chemotherapy and chemoradiation are increasingly administered prior to pancreatic cancer surgery, and sarcopenia has been shown to accompany these therapies. Preoperative exercise may improve health, well-being, and perioperative outcomes among patients undergoing preoperative therapy for pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of exercise in this context. Feasibility was defined as patients completing, on average, 60% of recommended weekly exercise minutes. Twenty patients (M=64 years old, SD=9.9; …

Effects Of Footwear On Performance In A Barbell Backsquat, Anthony A. Wilkins, Scott P. Mclean, Jimmy Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Varying philosophies exist on the type of footwear that is most beneficial to wear when strength training. Olympic/power lifters prefer to train in a stiff shoe with a raised heel (0.6-0.75 inches) to provide more stability through the movement. Bodybuilders prefer lifting barefoot or with a minimalist shoe. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects that a weightlifting shoe has on peak vertical force, peak vertical power, total center of pressure migration (COP), anterior-posterior (AP) COP migration, and mediolateral (ML) COP migration. Eleven participants, (178.7±7.2 cm and 84.6±15.3 kg) performed barbell back squats while wearing a weightlifting …

Effects Of High Fat Diet And Exercise On The Metabolism Of Maternal Hearts During Pregnancy, Katherine A. Grue, Hayli E. Joiner, Eunhee Chung

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity has become a major concern for developed nations across the world, and the United States is the country which is most affected by this pandemic. Excess adiposity is known to cause chronic inflammation, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease: the leading cause of death for over a decade. With many women of reproductive age considered overweight or obese, the association between obesity and metabolic disorder is concerning. Positive metabolic health outcomes of offspring due to maternal exercise have been documented; however, little is known about how maternal exercise modifies high fat diet associated metabolic dysregulation upon mothers during gestation. The …

Beyond Sclerostin: Influence Of Disuse And Recovery From Disuse On Mechanosensitive Osteocyte Proteins, Corinne Metzger

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Osteocytes, mechanosensitive cells embedded in bone tissue, release proteins responsive to mechanical stimuli that signal osteoblasts and alter bone formation. Sclerostin (Scl), an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, is upregulated in disuse which inhibits bone formation. Osteocyte insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are both implicated to increase with mechanical or shear stress enhancing osteoblast function. PURPOSE: To determine osteocyte protein levels of sclerostin, IGF-I, and IL-6 in disuse and after recovery from disuse. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats (6-mo old) were hindlimb unloaded (HU) to simulate disuse or allowed normal cage activity (CA) for 28 days (28d). …

Exercise Before And During Pregnancy Does Not Alter Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms In Pregnant Mice, A. Unique Jacobo, Katherine A. Grue, Haylie Joiner, Eunhee Chung

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The myosin heavy chain isoforms (β-MHC and α-MHC) determine shortening velocity and power output properties of the heart. There are two types of cardiac hypertrophy, pathological and physiological. Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is often accompanied by re-expression of β-MHC with decreases in kinetic properties of the heart. High fat diet is known to lead to cardiac dysfunction seen through the expression of β-MHC in the heart. However, little is known about the effects of high fat diet and exercises during pregnancy on MHC isoform content. The purpose of this study is to determine whether exercise in combination with high fat diet …

Maternal Exercise Activates Genes Associated With Mitochondrial Biogenesis In Fetal Myocardium Of Mouse, Hayli E. Joiner, Tracer Skelton, Kalli D. Looten, Eunhee Chung

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Maternal exercise during pregnancy has been shown to improve long-term metabolic health on offspring in later life. Mitochondria are the critical site of metabolism, and are inherited by maternal origin. However, the effects of maternal exercise during pregnancy on fetal mitochondrial biogenesis are not well understood. PURPOSE: To test whether maternal exercise can activate genes associate with mitochondrial biogenesis in the fetal heart. METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into sedentary and exercise groups. The mice in the exercise group were exposed to voluntary cage-wheel from gestational day 1 through 17, at which time they were sacrificed. Litter size …

Effect Of Wearing A Gas Collection Mask On Time To Exhaustion During The Bruce Protocol, Joshua E. Mcgee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Oxygen consumption (VO₂) and carbon dioxide production (VCO₂) are important to measure and analyze in exercise physiology and fitness testing. A respiratory gas collection mask (RGC) is required for measurement of VO₂ and VCO₂, but has been reported to cause respiratory symptoms and inhibit maximal performance in subjects. This study compared the performance of a graded maximal exercise text (GXT) while wearing a mask (MASK) and without wearing a mask (NO-MASK). Twelve adults performed the Bruce GXT under the two different conditions on two separate occasions in random order. Performance variables used in …

Effects Of Visual Deprivation On Dynamic Stability Of Young And Older Adults During Treadmill Walking, Fabricio Saucedo Jr., Feng Yang, George A. King

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Vision plays an essential role in human locomotion by providing information about the environment in which we navigate. Research has focused primarily on the effects of visual deprivation on human gait during overground walking; however, overground walking introduces several limitations such as fewer steps to analyze and uncontrolled gait speed between trials. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of visual deprivation on dynamic stability during treadmill walking. Fifteen participants (six older adults 69.33 ± 4.88 yrs. and nine young adults 22.67 ± 1.87 yrs.) performed two 90-sec trials at their preferred walking speed on a treadmill: …

Effect Of Four Week Medicine Ball Training On A Peak Ground Reaction Force & Peak Moments In Collegiate Lacrosse Players, Dakota Skinner, Scott P. Mclean, Jimmy Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

TACSM Abstract

Effect of four week medicine ball training on a peak ground reaction force & peak moments in collegiate lacrosse players.

DAKOTA B SKINNER, SCOTT MCLEAN, & JIMMY SMITH

Department of Kinesiology; Southwestern University; Georgetown, TX

Category: Undergraduate

Advisor / Mentor: McLean, Scott ([email protected])

ABSTRACT

Background: Medicine ball training has been shown to improve performance in baseball batting (Szymanski et al., 2007), and handball-throwing (Raeder, Fernandez, & Ferrauti, 2015). Given the similarity of the kinetic link dynamics of these activities with those of a lacrosse shot, a medicine ball training program may offer a similar performance benefit …

Impact Of Anti-Resorptive Treatment On Recovery Of Bone After Disuse, Michael J. Junior, Corinne Metzger, Scott E. Lenfest, Ramon Boudreaux, Harry A. Hogan, Susan Bloomfield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bisphosphonates (BP), drugs that inhibit bone resorption, are used to minimize bone loss in long-duration spaceflight, extended bed rest, and acute spinal cord injury; however, the long term impact of BP use on recovery of bone after disuse is not well understood. This experiment tests the hypothesis that the BP zoledronic acid (ZOL) administered 7 days before hindlimb unloading (HU) will protect against loss of bone mass during 28 days of HU by suppressing bone resorption activity while also diminishing the ability of cancellous bone formation rate (BFR) to recover following HU. Male Sprague Dawley rats (6 mo) were assigned …

Destroying God’S Temple? Physical Inactivity, Poor Diet, Obesity, And Other “Sin” Behaviors, Megan E. Mcclendon, Mark Faries, Eric Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Individual differences in health behavior across religious and spiritual individuals might be attributed to the general belief that the body is God’s temple, and should be treated with care and respect. Also, it is possible that some behaviors are thought to destroy the body (God’s temple), while inactivity, poor diet, and obesity might not be viewed in this way. Thus, our first aim was to assess current beliefs and attitudes regarding the role of physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity in the destruction of the body, God’s temple. Subsequently, our second aim was to determine if these beliefs and attitudes …

Responses Of Matrix Metalloproteinases In Obese Men After Undergoing Low And High Intensity Exercise, Stanley Ly, Jonathan Jaoude, Mima Fondong, Jin K. Park, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade extracellular matrix proteins and play a role in various pathological conditions such as inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. PURPOSE: The current study investigated the responses of MMP-1, -2, and -9 in obese men over a 24-hour period after undergoing different intensities (low vs. high) of cycling exercise. METHODS: Fifteen sedentary (physical activity < 2 days/week) obese [body mass index (BMI) > 30kg/m²] men between the ages of 18 and 30 years participated in the study. Each participant completed a similar volume (average energy expenditure ~ 300 kcal) of cycling exercise at 2 different intensities in random order [low intensity: 50% …

Effects Of A 500-Mile Backpacking Hike On The Performance Of A Competitive Powerlifter, Anthony Paradis, Nancy Dimarco, Brandon R. Rigby, Keri Stoner-Davis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a long-distance backpacking trip and a high protein diet on body composition, strength, power, and aerobic performance. A single participant (male, aged 29 years) hiked 34 days on the Colorado Trail. Dependent variables were assessed pre-hike and post-hike and included body mass, body fat percentage, bone mineral density, maximum oxygen consumption (VO_2max), resting metabolic rate (RMR), total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL). Cardiovascular dependent variables included resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Other performance outcomes included …

The Effect Of 7,12-Dimethylbenz[A]-Anthracene (Dmba) On Physical Activity In Female Mice, Nicholas R. Walker, Heather Vellers, Jorge Granados, Ayland Letsinger, Isabel Lambertz, Madison Spier, Robin Fuchs-Young, Dr.Timothy Lightfoot

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Regular exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of occurrence for certain cancers. In animal models, DMBA is a synthetic carcinogen that has been established as the gold standard for inducing cancerous tumors in rodents. However, it has yet to be established whether DMBA has an effect on voluntary wheel running in mice. If there is an effect, it would confound any experiment which investigates exercise effects on tumor growth. PURPOSE: The overall purpose of this project was to determine if DMBA altered voluntary wheel running in mice. METHODS: All procedures were approved by TAMU IACUC. SENCAR mice …

The Effects Of Two Different Sprint Training Modalities On Sprint Speed, Aerobic Fitness And Body Composition, Manuel Amador, Jeremy Perales, Samuel Montalvo, Sandor Dorgo, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous studies on sprint training have shown subjects to improve not only sprint speed, but also aerobic fitness and body composition. However, it is unclear whether sprint training on the track is more effective in improving these variables compared to training on a high-speed treadmill. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-week track (TR) vs. high-speed treadmill (TM) sprint training on maximal aerobic capacity (VO₂max), sprint speed and body composition. Twelve subjects were randomly assigned to the TR (n=6; 3 males, 3 females) or TM training group (n=6; 3 males, 3 females). …