Digital Commons Network^™

Efficacy Of A Mobile Application For Improving Gait Performance In Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Dustin Glenn Falls

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The United States is a rapidly aging nation. Older adults have higher rates of falls than any other age group. One in four older adults fall each year. Many of these falls are associated with sedentary lifestyles and decreased muscular strength effecting balance and gait performance. Physical activity (exercise) can reduce the risk of falls among older adults, yet adherence remains low. Exergames can increase adherence to interventions that promote health and physical activity. Social engagement can increase self-efficacy and motivation to exercise. By design, the Bingocize® health promotion mobile application (app) increases social engagement, while providing a multi-factorial fall …

Nightmares In The Kitchen: Personal Experience Narratives About Cooking And Food, Sarah T. Shultz

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This thesis explores personal experience narratives about making mistakes in the preparation and serving of food. In order to understand when these narratives, referred to in the text as “kitchen nightmares,” are told, to whom, in what form, and why, one-onone and group ethnographic interviews were conducted. In total, 13 interviews were conducted with 25 individuals (men and women) ranging in age from 19 to 70. Six major themes of kitchen nightmare narratives are identified in Chapter One. Chapter Two explores one of these themes, resistance, in the context of the kitchen nightmare stories of heterosexual married women. Chapter Three …

The Acute Impact Of A High-Fat Load On Pbmcs Among Women: The Impact Of Ethnicity And Weight Status, Regis Pearson

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can respond to dietary stimuli modulating the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cell signaling, which is associated with metabolic disease and has been seen to be elevated in African American (AA) when compared to Caucasian American (CA) women. Little is known about the response of PBMCs to a high fat meal among women and the potential impact of ethnicity and/or weight status on this response. The purpose of this study was to examine PBMC response to consuming a high fat meal and the response to culturing PBMCs in media supplemented with lipid among AA and CA women, …

Metabolic Flexibility Among Women After A Single High Fat Meal, Alyssa Olenick

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

PURPOSE: Obese women have increased rates of metabolic diseases compared to those of healthy weight status. Additionally, African-American (AA) women have higher rates of metabolic disease compared to Caucasian (CA) women. Metabolic inflexibility is the inability to adjust substrate oxidation in response to dietary intake; potentially leading to weight gain and the development of metabolic disease. Few studies have investigated the impact of weight status and/or ethnicity on the metabolic response of women to a single high fat meal. An acute unfavorable metabolic response may contribute to the higher incidence of metabolic disease among not only obese, but also AA …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 92, No. 43, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Austin, Emma. University Signs Letter of Intent with Aramark
• Alvey, Rebekah. Visiting Scholar Educates Students on Sex Trafficking – Jessica Pliley
• Williams, Jamie. Student Government Association Considers New Legislation in Final Weeks of Semester
• Deletter, Emily. Dean of Libraries Retires After 41 Years of Employment – Connie Foster
• Kast, Monica. Advertising & Public Relations Discussion Pulled from Board of Regents
• Vogler, Emily. Editorial Cartoon re: Inclement Weather
• Shake-it Up – Hill Nutrition
• Hormell, David. Gary Ransdell Makes Strides to Muddy Records Fight
• Walker, Silas. Confident …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 92, No. 40, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• McCarthy, Casey. Registration Software Launches on TopNet
• Mattingly, Evan. Far & Wide – Spring Break
• Puckett, Dalton. Far & Wide – Spring Break
• Alvey, Rebekah. Marchers United to Honor International Women’s Day – Protests
• Kast, Monica. Energy Bill Pulled from Committee Agenda
• Chattopadhyay, Srijita. International Students Share Visa Restriction Issues
• Bradley, Erian. Housing & Residence Life Seeks New Director
• Editorial Cartoon re: Truth & Open Records
• Henderson, Andrew. The Sun Shines Bright on My Old Kentucky Public Agency – Sunshine Week, Open Records
• Murrer, Erick. …

Psychophysiological Tracking Of A Female Physique Competitor Through Competition Preparation, Brandon Jay Rohrig, Robert W. Pettitt, Cherie Pettitt, Todd Kanzenbach

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 301-311, 2017. Natural physique competitions are based on subjective judgments of how a competitor appears on show day. Prior to competition, there is a prolonged dieting phase referred to as contest preparation. The primary goal is to reduce body fat levels while maintaining skeletal muscle mass. The study tracked the physiological and psychological changes for a 24 year old female preparing for a physique competition. Purpose: The study was conducted to describe the physiological and psychological changes of a female physique competitor who engages in long-term contest preparation. Methods: Diet, body composition, blood work, …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 92, No. 38, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Williams, Jamie. Student Government Association Votes to Fund Sustainable Projects
• Kast, Monica. Rights to Know – Immigration
• Alvey, Rebekah. Event Connects Students with Career Professionals – Intercultural Student Engagement Center, Black Leaders Advocating for Community
• Schweikart, Lydia. Dark Parody, Dog Sees God Premieres on Campus – Theatre & Dance
• DeLetter, Emily. Staff Honored for Community Leadership Roles – Martha Sales, Ryan Dearbone, Aurelia Spaulding
• Vogler, Emily. Editorial re: We Never Talk
• Burgess, Kelly. Eating Greens is the Nutritional Pot of Gold
• Hatchett, Gina. Counting Down …

A 15-Week Vitamin D Supplementation And Indoor Cycling Intervention Reduces Exercising Heart Rate, With No Effect On Glycaemic Control In Healthy Adults: A Pilot Investigation., Ffion Curtis, Rhys Thatcher, Sam Rice, Glen Davison

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 274-283, 2017 Significant positive correlations are often observed between vitamin D concentrations and physical activity levels. Whilst this may be due to individuals who are physically active spending time outdoors (i.e. increased opportunity for vitamin D synthesis), there is growing evidence to suggest a more complex relationship between vitamin D status, physical fitness and health outcomes. To explore this further thirty-nine healthy adults were randomly allocated to 15 weeks of exercise training (Ex), no training (NoEx), 2000 IU/day vitamin D (VitD) and/or placebo (Pla) supplementation (giving four possible allocations: NoEx+VitD; NoEx+Pla; Ex+VitD; Ex+Pla). Vitamin …

Adherence To Exercise Prescription And Improvements In The Clinical And Vascular Health Of African Americans, Dianne Babbitt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 246-257, 2017. Improvements in indices of vascular health and endothelial function have been inversely associated with hypertension, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure), renal failure, and mortality. Aerobic exercise training (AEXT) has been positively associated with improvements in clinical health values, as well as vascular health biomarkers, and endothelial function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether measures of exercise adherence were related to clinical outcome measures and indices of vascular health subsequent to a 6-month AEXT intervention in a middle-to-older aged African American cohort. …

Non-Invasive Measures Of Core Temperature Versus Ingestible Thermistor During Exercise In The Heat, Donovan L. Fogt, Andrea L. Henning, Adam Venable, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 225-233, 2017 The accuracy of core temperature (T_c) thermometry from temporal, tympanic, and oral thermometry devices has been variable during exercise in a hot, humid environment. The purpose of the present study was to cross-validate temporal, two tympanic devices, and oral devices compared to an ingestible thermistor during exercise in a hot, humid environment. Fourteen young, active adults (6 women) completed a graded exercise test until voluntary exhaustion in an environmental chamber (35.5 ± 0.6 °C, 53.9 ± 5.8 % RH). There was no statistical difference in mean temperature between tympanic device …

Aerobic Capacity Is Related To Repeated Sprint Ability With Sprint Distances Less Than 40 Meters., Gabriel J. Sanders, Zachary Turner, Brian Boos, Corey Peacock, Willard Peveler, Alar Lipping

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 197-204, 2017 Research is inconclusive regarding the association between aerobic fitness (objectively measured VO_2max) and repeated sprint performance when the sprints are less than 40 meters. Soccer athletes must be able to repeat sprints without significant decreases in speed and strength and conditioning coaches need to better understand if aerobic fitness is related to repeated sprint ability (RSA). Twenty (10 male, 10 female) Division I soccer athletes first completed a graded maximal treadmill test to measure VO_2max. Then on a separate day, athletes completed the RSA test. The RSA test …

Impact Of Acute Dietary Manipulations On Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Estimates Of Visceral Adipose Tissue, Jeffrey S. Forsse, Grant M. Tinsley, Flor E. Morales Marroquín, Peter W. Grandjean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is viewed as a superior method of body composition assessment, but whole-body DXA scans are impacted by variation in pre-assessment activities, such as eating and drinking. DXA software now allows for estimation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which has been implicated in a number of diseases. It is unknown to what extent food and fluid intake affect VAT estimates. PURPOSE: determine the effects of acute high-carbohydrate (HC) and very low-carbohydrate (VLC) diets on DXA estimates of VAT. METHODS: Male and female adults completed two one-day dietary conditions in random order: a VLC diet (1 – …

Effects Of Energy Drink On Metabolic Response And Exercise Performance Post Basketball Game Simulation, Kristin Russell, Frank B. Wyatt, Deok Su Yoo, Soon-Mi Choi Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Intermittent sports are characterized by intermittent bursts of high-intensity exercise and are dependent upon a combination of anaerobic and aerobic energy systems, both of which rely on carbohydrate as an important fuel source. A potential reason for athletes to use energy drinks is due to the conception that energy drinks would promote improvement of performance and this practice has been common among athletes in recent history. PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of an energy drink on metabolic parameters and exercise performance following basketball game simulation (BGS). METHODS: Six female college basketball players, aged 21.5±1.9 yrs, volunteered for this study …

Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Diaphragm Muscle Precedes The Cachectic Phenotype In Llc Tumor-Bearing Mice., Conner A. Benson, David E. Lee, Jacob L. Brown, Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell, Tyrone A. Washington, Nicholas P. Greene, Michael P. Wiggs

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The defining feature of cancer cachexia is extensive weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy. It is clinically important because cachexia reduces patient survival, results in functional impairment, and is estimated to be directly responsible for 20-40% of cancer deaths. Unfortunately, no clinical therapy exists and therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for rapid muscle wasting. Compared to limb muscles, the diaphragm is relatively understudied in cancer cachexia, but is likely to be adversely affected because cachexia is a systemic disease. Wasting of the primary inspiratory muscle may result in difficulty breathing and inability to adjust minute …

Effects Of Hypohydration On Muscular Performance In Females: An Ongoing Study, Joshua J. Gann, Thomas L. Andre, Paul S. Hwang, Brooke L. Roemer, Darryn S. Willoughby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dehydration (~3%) has been shown to negatively affect anaerobic performance. A majority of this research has been conducted using male participants. Like males, females have been shown to underestimate sweat loss, which could lead to insufficient rehydration and thus hypohydration. Additionally, due to differences in thermoregulation, it is possible that females respond to hypohydration differently than males. To date, no research has examined the effects of previous night dehydration on muscular performance in females. PURPOSE: The purpose of this ongoing study was to determine the effects of previous night dehydration on muscular strength, muscular endurance, lower body power, and …

Exercise Does Not Stimulate Citrate Synthase Activity In Cachectic Muscle, Sarah Senger, Kira Pamerleau, Derek Wallace, Paul Rivas, Nicholas Musi, A. Pratrap Kumar, Darpan I. Patel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cachexia causes metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle mitochondria stimulated by inflammatory imbalance towards pro-inflammatory signaling. Previous work by our group has demonstrated that exercise significantly increases muscle mass in cases of advanced tumors in transgenic mice. Furthermore, we have discovered that the natural product Nexrutine® has anti-inflammatory properties which can be beneficial in protecting mitochondria. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of exercise and Nexrutine® on mitochondrial density in skeletal muscle taken from transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) models. METHODS: This project is a continuation of a larger study investigating the effects of exercise and Nexrutine® on the attenuation …

Effects Of Dose Timing On Fluid Excretion During Sodium-Aided Hyperhydration Protocols, Shelby L. Greene, Elizaveta Roslanova, David Morris

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Co-consumption of sodium and water has been shown to be superior in promoting hyperhydration compared to consumption of an equal amount of water alone. Most sodium-aided hyperhydration studies have provided subjects with a bolus of fluid followed by a urine collection period. However the effect of providing equal amounts of fluid in a single vs. multiple doses over time on fluid retention has not been systematically studied. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of different dosing strategies on urine excretion levels following the consumption of consistent amounts of sodium and water. METHODS: Urine excretion was measured during five separate …

The Valsalva Maneuver For Assessment Of Cardiovagal Baroreflex Sensitivity, Carmen Campalans, Carsten Flores-Hansen, Scott Matjeka, Clarissa Quezada, Donovan L. Fogt, William H. Cooke

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The cardiovagal baroreflex is fundamental to understanding normal autonomic neural function, but can be difficult to assess. PURPOSE: In this study, we highlight the utility of the Valsalva maneuver for the assessment of cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity during both vagal inhibition and activation. METHODS: Thirteen supine male subjects (21 ± .7 yrs; 173 ± 2 cm; 78 ± 4 kg) were instrumented with an electrocardiogram and a finger photoplethysmograph (Finometer, to assess beat-by-beat arterial pressure). Subjects then exhaled against resistance to an expiratory pressure of 40 mmHg for 15 s followed by a 2-min recovery. Subjects performed three trials, and we …

Time-Course Of Diuresis During Sodium-Aided Hyperhydration Protocols With And Without Caffeine, Elizaveta Roslanova, David M. Morris

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

When used alone, both caffeine and sodium-aided hyperhydration (SAH) are ergogenic. When caffeine is used in conjunction with SAH, diuresis occurs, but hyperhydration is still achieved albeit at lower levels when compared to SAH alone. Caffeine has been shown to be ergogenic when taken as little as 5 min, or as much as 6 hr prior to the start of exercise. Thus, determining the temporal aspects of caffeine induced diuresis when used in conjunction with SAH may lead to superior pre-exercise nutritional strategies. PURPOSE: To investigate the time-course of caffeine-induced diuresis during a 90 min SAH protocol. METHODS Subjects …

Eight Weeks Of Combined Exercise Training Induced Improvements In Insulin Sensitivity Is Associated With Improvement In Aerobic Capacity, But Not With Improvement In Strength., Manuel Amador, Cesar A. Meza, Cynthia K. Montenegro, Jeffrey D. Covington, Andrew Mcainch, George King, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A lifestyle compromised of predominantly sedentary behavior is a risk factor that promotes the development of metabolic syndrome. It has been demonstrated that individuals with blunted insulin sensitivity (IS) and metabolic flexibility (MF) tend to be more prone to develop the disease. An increase in physical activity is recommended in order to prevent cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PURPOSE: to determine whether healthy, sedentary, normoglycemic, Mexican American men without a family history of type 2 diabetes are able to improve IS and MF after participating in a combined (aerobic/resistance) exercise intervention. METHODS: Subjects (n=6; 21.83±0.8 years; BMI 28.92 …

Nexrutine® Mimics Exercise Preservation Of Muscle In Tramp Mice By Decreasing Proteolysis-Inducing Factor, Derek J. Wallace, Sarah Senger, Kira Pamerleau, Darpan Patel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cachexia is an adverse effect of prostate cancer (PCa) characterized by skeletal muscle loss which significantly impacts mortality and quality of life. Recently, proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF) mediated activation of the ubiquitin proteasome system has been identified as a potential target for treating cachexia. Oncologists encourage nutritional and physical intercession to improve outcomes, however, it is unclear how these interventions impact PIF activity. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that Nexrutine^® (a natural bark extract of the Amur cork tree with anti-inflammatory capabilities) and exercise can independently attenuate muscle loss in a transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model by modulating …

The Relationship Of Visceral Adipose Tissue With Markers Of Energy Homeostasis Following Weight-Loss, Marcus A. Breden, Bryan K. Smith, Matthew P. Harris, Brooke Burgess, Adam Gloeckner, Melody D. Phillips, Joshua S. Wooten

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Excess levels of adipose tissue, in particular visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is closely associated with the metabolic syndrome and dysregulation of energy homeostasis. It is hypothesized that leptin resistance results in overconsumption of calories and reduced satiety. Recently, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), beyond functioning in learning and memory, is shown to play a role in energy homeostasis via its positive satiety effects on the hypothalamus. However, it remains to be elucidated how changes in visceral adipose tissue are associated with changes in circulating leptin and BDNF after weight-loss. PURPOSE: To identify changes in adiposity and circulating leptin and …

Physician Assistant Students’ Perceptions Of The Fitness Industry And Lifestyle Medicine, Alyssa Abreu, Sarah-Ann Keyes, Mark Faries

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

With nearly two-thirds of all chronic disease having a lifestyle cause, there is spurred interest in curricular changes for Physician Assistants (PA) and other medical providers to learn Lifestyle Medicine (LM) - the therapeutic use of lifestyle changes to prevent, treat and reverse disease. A key competency in LM practice involves an interdisciplinary approach, including aid from fitness professionals. Yet, perceptions of the fitness industry might hinder such a relationship. PURPOSE: To assess PA students' knowledge of LM and perceptions of the fitness industry, to guide curriculum implementation efforts. METHODS: An online survey was advertised to all PA students at …

Assessing The Qualitative Validity Of A Non-Invasive Ultrasound Technique For Estimating Muscle Glycogen Change, Jakob R. Allen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Intramuscular glycogen is a primary fuel source for intense exercise and the use of an invasive muscle biopsy is still the gold-standard of measurement. PURPOSE: To assess the qualitative validity of a proprietary algorithm from ultrasound images (MuscleSound^®)(MS) for determination of intramuscular glycogen concentration compared to the body of literature reporting muscle glycogen depletion from exercise and subsequent recovery. METHODS: 12 healthy recreational students (n=1 female) (25.5 ± 1.2y, 74.0 ± 2.6kg, 174 ± 4.48cm) were recruited from campus for participation in this study. Subjects performed six bouts of six-minute efforts on a stationary cycle ergometer at 84% …

Omega-3 Supplementation, Menstrual Cycle, And Acute Eccentric Exercise On Plasma Lipid Profiles, Mehul D. Nathubhai, Sarah Mckinley Barnard Phd, Yonghyeon Jo, Darryn Willoughby Phd, Yunsuk Koh Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and the menstrual cycle may independently influence plasma lipids and lipoproteins following acute exercise. PURPOSE: The current study investigated the effects of dietary fish oil supplement and acute eccentric exercise on plasma lipids and lipoproteins during two different phases of the menstrual cycle [mid-follicular (MF) vs. mid-luteal phase (ML)]. METHODS: As a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 22 healthy young females (age= 20.86±1.39 years) volunteered. Participants were randomly assigned to either the fish oil (N=11) or the placebo (N=11) group. The fish oil group took a total of 6 capsules of fish oil per day (6g …

High Fat Diet Induced Obesity Impairs Skeletal Muscle Glycogen And Lipid Preservation After Adiponectin Incubation, Cesar Meza, Cynthia Montenegro, Catalina De La Peña, Lannie O'Keefe, Shaan Naughton, Anna Simcocks, Deanne Hryciw, Michael Mathai, Andrew Mcainch, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High fat diets have been attributed as critical factors contributing to obesity and type 2 diabetes, characterized by increased lipid accumulation, impaired glucose uptake, and defects in glycogen storage in skeletal muscle. Adiponectin, an adipokine, has been shown to have antidiabetic effects by improving fat oxidation and glucose uptake. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of adiponectin incubation, in high fat diet induced obese rats, on measures of skeletal muscle substrate metabolism including glycogen, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), lipid, and mitochondrial contents. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a Western-style (21% fat by weight; 41% total energy) high …

Lower Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Content After A High Fat Diet Rich In Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Compared To A High Fat Diet Rich In Monounsaturated Fatty Acids, Catalina De La Pena, Cesar Meza, Cynthia Montenegro, Anna Simcocks, Shaan Naughton, Lannie O'Keefe, Deanne Skelly, Michael Mathai, Andrew Mcainch, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High fat diet (HFD) has been associated with weight gain, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. The composition of fatty acids in various diets (monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated) influence levels of blood insulin, glucose, and the onset of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. PURPOSE: Determine the effects of high fat diets with alterations in the major dietary fatty acid content (a mixed fat western diet, a polyunsaturated fatty acid diet or a monounsaturated fatty acid diet) on skeletal muscle glycogen, lipid, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and mitochondrial content. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a 21% (by weight; 41% total …

Plasma Glucose And Lipid Profiles Following High-Fat Diet And Acute Aerobic Exercise, Benjamin Son, Yonghyeon Jo, Ashton Waddell, Eric O'Neal, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of a 3-week high-fat (HF) diet on plasma glucose, lipids, and lipoproteins following an acute bout of aerobic exercise in middle-aged men. METHODS: Physically active (non-elite, competitive marathon runners), male participants (N=8, age=39.5±9.9 years) volunteered for the study. Participants maintained their habitual high-carbohydrate (HC) diet (60-70% caloric intake from carbohydrate) prior to switching to the HF diet (70% caloric intake from fat, not exceeding 50g of carbohydrates) for 3 weeks. At the end of each diet trial, participants performed an acute bout of aerobic exercise, which consisted of running at varying paces (personal …

High Fat Diet Rich In Saturated Fatty Acids, But Not Monounsaturated Fatty Acids, Impairs Glycogen Preservation After Adiponectin Treatment, Cynthia Montenegro, Catalina De La Pena, Cesar Meza, Shaan Naughton, Anna Simcocks, Lannie O'Keefe, Deanne Skelly, Michael Mathai, Andrew Mcainch, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High fat diet (HFD) is associated with the progression of obesity, type 2 diabetes and diminished insulin sensitivity, which is characterized by a lower glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis capacity in skeletal muscle. Adiponectin (Ad), on the other hand, is a cytokine secreted by adipose tissue that promotes glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of Ad on skeletal muscle glycogen, GLUT 4, mitochondrial and lipid content in animals fed with a HFD but with alterations in dietary fatty acids (mixed fat western diet and predominately monounsaturated fatty acid). METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley …